Streptococcus equi subsp.zooepidemicus(SEZ)is an important zoonotic agent.Here,a virulence-attenuated strain M35246 derived from natural variation of wild-type SEZ ATCC35246 was found.M35246 showed a deletion of 25con...Streptococcus equi subsp.zooepidemicus(SEZ)is an important zoonotic agent.Here,a virulence-attenuated strain M35246 derived from natural variation of wild-type SEZ ATCC35246 was found.M35246 showed a deletion of 25contiguous genes as well as a loss-of-function mutation in covS.Subsequently,a 25-gene-deleted strain(ΔPI),a covS-mutant strain(Mcov S),and relevant complementary strains were constructed and investigated.M35246 and Mcov S were significantly less encapsulated and exhibited poorer anti-phagocytic capacity compared to wild-type SEZ.McovS was significantly more sensitive toβ-lactams,aminoglycosides,macrolides,and lincosamides than wild-type SEZ.M35246,McovS,andΔPI exhibited an increase in median lethal dose(LD_(50))in mice by 10~5,10~5,and 5 times when compared to wild-type SEZ,respectively.Neither M35246 nor McovS were isolated from mice 48 h after being challenged with approximately 2000 times the LD_(50)of wild-type SEZ.Transcriptome analysis showed that 668 significantly differentially expressed genes existed between McovS and wild-type SEZ.Numerous virulence factor-encoding genes and anabolicrelated genes in McovS that were involved in anti-phagocytosis,capsule formation,pathogenicity,and antibiotic resistance were downregulated significantly relative to the wild-type strain.This study revealed that the CovS plays a vital role in the establishment of SEZ virulence.展开更多
Due to climate change,it is necessary to develop plant varieties that are resilient to climate conditions and resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses.The use of microalgae,which are microorganisms that contain carboh...Due to climate change,it is necessary to develop plant varieties that are resilient to climate conditions and resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses.The use of microalgae,which are microorganisms that contain carbohydrates,proteins,lipids,and vitamins,against drought tolerance is a new approach.The aim of the current study was to determine the drought-related mechanisms in the conomon melon genotype and develop drought-tolerant melon cultivars.Morphological,physiological,pomological,and molecular analyses were carried out on the algae-treated genotypes.It has been determined that commercial algae application provides the best results in leaf temperature,leaf relative water contents(LRWC),plant height,fruit length,fruit diameter,and yield,while Cag Cag(a special river in the region)stream algae application gives better results in main stem diameter.It was determined that the number of nodes in the control(without algae)plots was higher than in the other two treatments.Yield and LRWC and plant height values of genotype 7 were the best values among other genotypes.The leaf temperature measurement was lower on genotype 9 than on the other genotypes.While the highest fruit length value was measured in genotype 1,genotype 8 was superior in the main stem diameter,fruit diameter,and the number of nodes among the remaining plant materials.In terms of yield,it was determined that the interaction between genotype 2 and the commercial algae resulted in the best outcomes.In addition,the results of the genetic evaluation revealed that the materials used were not genetically distant from each other and more detailed genetic evaluations are needed.The molecular kinship analysis revealed that the genotypes used in the study were divided into three distinct groups,with individuals within each group exhibiting a high degree of relatedness to one another.As a result of the study,it was found that the application of microalgae had significant effects on improving the drought tolerance of Cucumis melo subsp.agrestis var.conomon genotypes.展开更多
A new species of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="...A new species of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentianaceae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> described and illustrated;it has a spectacular characteristics of calyx lobe ciliolate, distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces on the two sides of Jinsha River, and then two subspecies have been further re-classified as </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsp</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsp.</span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longiloba</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">respectively</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The subsp.</span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> idistributes</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">on the right side of Jinsha River in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province and the subsp</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longiloba</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> distributes itself </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">on the southwest and west part of Sichuan Province, such as Leibo County, Wenchuan County and Mabian Yi Autonomous Prefacture, in the grassland under forests and moist rock slopes at an altitude of 1300 - 3200 m.展开更多
A multipurpose clone plant species, Hippophae rhamniodes has the capacity for indefinite longevity, although under successive drought stress it may often decline or die across large areas. Field trials were con- ducte...A multipurpose clone plant species, Hippophae rhamniodes has the capacity for indefinite longevity, although under successive drought stress it may often decline or die across large areas. Field trials were con- ducted over 2 years to examine the effects of varied irrigation intensities on modular growth and clonal propagation in a semi-arid area. Irrigation levels included a control, as well as two, four and six times the volume of water that was typically received via local annual average precipitation. Irrigation intensity significantly influenced clonal propagation capacity (number of daughter ramets), aboveground modular growth (height, base diameter, and crown width), belowground modular growth included root nodule dry weight, stretching capacity of lateral roots (length of the longest lateral roots, and diameter of first-grade lateral roots), and branching intensity of lateral roots (number of lateral roots bifurcation grade, number of first- grade lateral roots). The modular growth and the density of daughter ramets were small under non-irrigation or low irrigation, and became larger with increased irrigation intensity. Beyond a certain threshold, however, further increases in irrigation intensity resulted in a reversion to the development. The optimal irrigation intensities for growth and propagation were 3.48-5.29 times the volume of nominal local annual average precipitation. There were effects of irrigation intensities on the positive significant correlations between aboveground and belowground modular growths, and on clonal propagation capacities. Under various water treatments, H. rhamnoides may adapt to the environment through the regulation of growth and propagation. We concluded that water shortages act to weaken the growth and propagation of H. rhamniodes plantations.展开更多
Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase plays a vital role in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism cycles. In Xanthomonas citrisubsp. citri, carA and carB encode the small and large subunits of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, respec...Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase plays a vital role in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism cycles. In Xanthomonas citrisubsp. citri, carA and carB encode the small and large subunits of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, respectively. The deletion mutation of the coding regions revealed that carA did not affect any of the phenotypes, while carB played multiple roles in pathogenicity. The deletion of carB rendered the loss of pathogenicity in host plants and the ability to induce a hyper- sensitive reaction in the non-hosts. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assays indicated that 11 hrp genes coding the type Ill secretion system were suppressed when interacting with citrus plants. The mutation in carB also affected bacterial utilization of several carbon and nitrogen resources in minimal medium MMX and extracellular enzyme activities. These data demonstrated that only the large subunit of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase was essential for canker development by X. citri subsp, citri.展开更多
In May 2016,an epizootic occured among cultured tongue soles caused mass deaths in a fish farm in Qinhuangdao,China.In order to find out the etiological agent,a bacterial strain was isolated from ascites and other tis...In May 2016,an epizootic occured among cultured tongue soles caused mass deaths in a fish farm in Qinhuangdao,China.In order to find out the etiological agent,a bacterial strain was isolated from ascites and other tissues of sick tongue sole aseptically collected.The isolate was identified as Photobacterium damselae subsp.damsela(PDD) by isolation culture,Gram staining,physiological identification,morohological observation,biochemical identification and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.The results showed that the isolate shared 99.6% homology with the reference strain in GenBank.The animal regression test displayed that the isolate had very strong pathogenicity to tongue sole.The LD(50) was 3.1 × 10~4 CFU/mL,and it showed pathogenicity to mammals.The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed the isolate was highly sensitive to nrofloxacin,Norfloxacin,Ciprofloxacin,Mequindox;moderately sensitive to Cefradine,Doxycycline;and insensitive to Gentamicin,Ceftriaxone,Tilmicosin,etc..展开更多
Two new beta-dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene polyol esters were isolated from Celastrus paniculatus.subsp.paniculatus. Their Structures were deduced on the basis of spectral analyses including 2D NMR. CO2 supercritica...Two new beta-dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene polyol esters were isolated from Celastrus paniculatus.subsp.paniculatus. Their Structures were deduced on the basis of spectral analyses including 2D NMR. CO2 supercritical fluid was used in separation.展开更多
Coriaria,the only genus under family Coriariacea,receives a lot interest among botanist due to its controversial taxonomic treatment and unique phytochemistry that could be commercially important.The populations of Co...Coriaria,the only genus under family Coriariacea,receives a lot interest among botanist due to its controversial taxonomic treatment and unique phytochemistry that could be commercially important.The populations of Coriaria japonica subsp.intermedia in Cordillera Central Range(CCR),Philippines had never been studied in detail.With the need for more information on this controversial genus,the study deemed it necessary to present the distribution and morpho-anatomical description of C.japonica subsp.intermedia in CCR.A total of 123 populations were documented,found at an elevation range of 1334 to 2494 m asl and stretched between16°31’37.7"to 17°5’47.8"N and 120°39’40.3"to120°55’48"E.Mapping these populations showed a narrow linear pattern of distribution concentrated at the southern portion of CCR.The plant is a shrub with simple leaves,collateral buds,raceme inflorescence,bisexual flowers with persistent perianth forming an accessory fruit after fertilization.In terms of anatomy,much are of the usual dicot characters such as dorsiventral leaf with stomata concentrated in the lower epidermis,eustele with pith in the stem andpresence of secondary growth both on old stem and old root.Interesting findings of the study include the123 populations,the larger leaf measurements,longer petals and larger fruits than the original description given by Matsumura.Also,the paracytic type of stomata and presence of pith in the primary roots of C.japonica subsp.intermedia are interesting since these are common monocot characters while the plant is dicot.These findings are additional information that could help clear the controversies on the genus Coriaria.More importantly,our results could provide essential information for understanding the plant and for developing conservation strategies not just for this plant but also for the other related plants in the CCR biogeographical zone.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1800400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872480)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(CX(19)2020)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(PAPD)。
文摘Streptococcus equi subsp.zooepidemicus(SEZ)is an important zoonotic agent.Here,a virulence-attenuated strain M35246 derived from natural variation of wild-type SEZ ATCC35246 was found.M35246 showed a deletion of 25contiguous genes as well as a loss-of-function mutation in covS.Subsequently,a 25-gene-deleted strain(ΔPI),a covS-mutant strain(Mcov S),and relevant complementary strains were constructed and investigated.M35246 and Mcov S were significantly less encapsulated and exhibited poorer anti-phagocytic capacity compared to wild-type SEZ.McovS was significantly more sensitive toβ-lactams,aminoglycosides,macrolides,and lincosamides than wild-type SEZ.M35246,McovS,andΔPI exhibited an increase in median lethal dose(LD_(50))in mice by 10~5,10~5,and 5 times when compared to wild-type SEZ,respectively.Neither M35246 nor McovS were isolated from mice 48 h after being challenged with approximately 2000 times the LD_(50)of wild-type SEZ.Transcriptome analysis showed that 668 significantly differentially expressed genes existed between McovS and wild-type SEZ.Numerous virulence factor-encoding genes and anabolicrelated genes in McovS that were involved in anti-phagocytosis,capsule formation,pathogenicity,and antibiotic resistance were downregulated significantly relative to the wild-type strain.This study revealed that the CovS plays a vital role in the establishment of SEZ virulence.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Coordinatorship of Siirt University with the Project Number 2018-SİÜFEB-022.
文摘Due to climate change,it is necessary to develop plant varieties that are resilient to climate conditions and resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses.The use of microalgae,which are microorganisms that contain carbohydrates,proteins,lipids,and vitamins,against drought tolerance is a new approach.The aim of the current study was to determine the drought-related mechanisms in the conomon melon genotype and develop drought-tolerant melon cultivars.Morphological,physiological,pomological,and molecular analyses were carried out on the algae-treated genotypes.It has been determined that commercial algae application provides the best results in leaf temperature,leaf relative water contents(LRWC),plant height,fruit length,fruit diameter,and yield,while Cag Cag(a special river in the region)stream algae application gives better results in main stem diameter.It was determined that the number of nodes in the control(without algae)plots was higher than in the other two treatments.Yield and LRWC and plant height values of genotype 7 were the best values among other genotypes.The leaf temperature measurement was lower on genotype 9 than on the other genotypes.While the highest fruit length value was measured in genotype 1,genotype 8 was superior in the main stem diameter,fruit diameter,and the number of nodes among the remaining plant materials.In terms of yield,it was determined that the interaction between genotype 2 and the commercial algae resulted in the best outcomes.In addition,the results of the genetic evaluation revealed that the materials used were not genetically distant from each other and more detailed genetic evaluations are needed.The molecular kinship analysis revealed that the genotypes used in the study were divided into three distinct groups,with individuals within each group exhibiting a high degree of relatedness to one another.As a result of the study,it was found that the application of microalgae had significant effects on improving the drought tolerance of Cucumis melo subsp.agrestis var.conomon genotypes.
文摘A new species of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentianaceae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> described and illustrated;it has a spectacular characteristics of calyx lobe ciliolate, distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces on the two sides of Jinsha River, and then two subspecies have been further re-classified as </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsp</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsp.</span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longiloba</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">respectively</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The subsp.</span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> idistributes</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">on the right side of Jinsha River in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province and the subsp</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longiloba</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> distributes itself </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">on the southwest and west part of Sichuan Province, such as Leibo County, Wenchuan County and Mabian Yi Autonomous Prefacture, in the grassland under forests and moist rock slopes at an altitude of 1300 - 3200 m.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(31070551/31570609)
文摘A multipurpose clone plant species, Hippophae rhamniodes has the capacity for indefinite longevity, although under successive drought stress it may often decline or die across large areas. Field trials were con- ducted over 2 years to examine the effects of varied irrigation intensities on modular growth and clonal propagation in a semi-arid area. Irrigation levels included a control, as well as two, four and six times the volume of water that was typically received via local annual average precipitation. Irrigation intensity significantly influenced clonal propagation capacity (number of daughter ramets), aboveground modular growth (height, base diameter, and crown width), belowground modular growth included root nodule dry weight, stretching capacity of lateral roots (length of the longest lateral roots, and diameter of first-grade lateral roots), and branching intensity of lateral roots (number of lateral roots bifurcation grade, number of first- grade lateral roots). The modular growth and the density of daughter ramets were small under non-irrigation or low irrigation, and became larger with increased irrigation intensity. Beyond a certain threshold, however, further increases in irrigation intensity resulted in a reversion to the development. The optimal irrigation intensities for growth and propagation were 3.48-5.29 times the volume of nominal local annual average precipitation. There were effects of irrigation intensities on the positive significant correlations between aboveground and belowground modular growths, and on clonal propagation capacities. Under various water treatments, H. rhamnoides may adapt to the environment through the regulation of growth and propagation. We concluded that water shortages act to weaken the growth and propagation of H. rhamniodes plantations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171832)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201003067)
文摘Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase plays a vital role in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism cycles. In Xanthomonas citrisubsp. citri, carA and carB encode the small and large subunits of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, respectively. The deletion mutation of the coding regions revealed that carA did not affect any of the phenotypes, while carB played multiple roles in pathogenicity. The deletion of carB rendered the loss of pathogenicity in host plants and the ability to induce a hyper- sensitive reaction in the non-hosts. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assays indicated that 11 hrp genes coding the type Ill secretion system were suppressed when interacting with citrus plants. The mutation in carB also affected bacterial utilization of several carbon and nitrogen resources in minimal medium MMX and extracellular enzyme activities. These data demonstrated that only the large subunit of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase was essential for canker development by X. citri subsp, citri.
基金Supported by Incentive Subsidy Program of Hebei Department of Science and Technology(15926620H)Key Technology R&D Program of Qinhuangdao Science and Technology Bureau(201401A067)+1 种基金Prevention and Control of Major Bacterial Diseases in Industrial Farming Fishes(201602A341)Sereening and Preliminary Application of Protective Antigen of Two Important Marine Pathogens(2018HY007)
文摘In May 2016,an epizootic occured among cultured tongue soles caused mass deaths in a fish farm in Qinhuangdao,China.In order to find out the etiological agent,a bacterial strain was isolated from ascites and other tissues of sick tongue sole aseptically collected.The isolate was identified as Photobacterium damselae subsp.damsela(PDD) by isolation culture,Gram staining,physiological identification,morohological observation,biochemical identification and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.The results showed that the isolate shared 99.6% homology with the reference strain in GenBank.The animal regression test displayed that the isolate had very strong pathogenicity to tongue sole.The LD(50) was 3.1 × 10~4 CFU/mL,and it showed pathogenicity to mammals.The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed the isolate was highly sensitive to nrofloxacin,Norfloxacin,Ciprofloxacin,Mequindox;moderately sensitive to Cefradine,Doxycycline;and insensitive to Gentamicin,Ceftriaxone,Tilmicosin,etc..
文摘Two new beta-dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene polyol esters were isolated from Celastrus paniculatus.subsp.paniculatus. Their Structures were deduced on the basis of spectral analyses including 2D NMR. CO2 supercritical fluid was used in separation.
基金financial support provided by Benguet State University though the Office of the Vice-President for Research and Extension headed by Dr.Carlito P.Laurean。
文摘Coriaria,the only genus under family Coriariacea,receives a lot interest among botanist due to its controversial taxonomic treatment and unique phytochemistry that could be commercially important.The populations of Coriaria japonica subsp.intermedia in Cordillera Central Range(CCR),Philippines had never been studied in detail.With the need for more information on this controversial genus,the study deemed it necessary to present the distribution and morpho-anatomical description of C.japonica subsp.intermedia in CCR.A total of 123 populations were documented,found at an elevation range of 1334 to 2494 m asl and stretched between16°31’37.7"to 17°5’47.8"N and 120°39’40.3"to120°55’48"E.Mapping these populations showed a narrow linear pattern of distribution concentrated at the southern portion of CCR.The plant is a shrub with simple leaves,collateral buds,raceme inflorescence,bisexual flowers with persistent perianth forming an accessory fruit after fertilization.In terms of anatomy,much are of the usual dicot characters such as dorsiventral leaf with stomata concentrated in the lower epidermis,eustele with pith in the stem andpresence of secondary growth both on old stem and old root.Interesting findings of the study include the123 populations,the larger leaf measurements,longer petals and larger fruits than the original description given by Matsumura.Also,the paracytic type of stomata and presence of pith in the primary roots of C.japonica subsp.intermedia are interesting since these are common monocot characters while the plant is dicot.These findings are additional information that could help clear the controversies on the genus Coriaria.More importantly,our results could provide essential information for understanding the plant and for developing conservation strategies not just for this plant but also for the other related plants in the CCR biogeographical zone.