Streptococcus equi subsp.zooepidemicus(SEZ)is an important zoonotic agent.Here,a virulence-attenuated strain M35246 derived from natural variation of wild-type SEZ ATCC35246 was found.M35246 showed a deletion of 25con...Streptococcus equi subsp.zooepidemicus(SEZ)is an important zoonotic agent.Here,a virulence-attenuated strain M35246 derived from natural variation of wild-type SEZ ATCC35246 was found.M35246 showed a deletion of 25contiguous genes as well as a loss-of-function mutation in covS.Subsequently,a 25-gene-deleted strain(ΔPI),a covS-mutant strain(Mcov S),and relevant complementary strains were constructed and investigated.M35246 and Mcov S were significantly less encapsulated and exhibited poorer anti-phagocytic capacity compared to wild-type SEZ.McovS was significantly more sensitive toβ-lactams,aminoglycosides,macrolides,and lincosamides than wild-type SEZ.M35246,McovS,andΔPI exhibited an increase in median lethal dose(LD_(50))in mice by 10~5,10~5,and 5 times when compared to wild-type SEZ,respectively.Neither M35246 nor McovS were isolated from mice 48 h after being challenged with approximately 2000 times the LD_(50)of wild-type SEZ.Transcriptome analysis showed that 668 significantly differentially expressed genes existed between McovS and wild-type SEZ.Numerous virulence factor-encoding genes and anabolicrelated genes in McovS that were involved in anti-phagocytosis,capsule formation,pathogenicity,and antibiotic resistance were downregulated significantly relative to the wild-type strain.This study revealed that the CovS plays a vital role in the establishment of SEZ virulence.展开更多
Due to climate change,it is necessary to develop plant varieties that are resilient to climate conditions and resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses.The use of microalgae,which are microorganisms that contain carboh...Due to climate change,it is necessary to develop plant varieties that are resilient to climate conditions and resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses.The use of microalgae,which are microorganisms that contain carbohydrates,proteins,lipids,and vitamins,against drought tolerance is a new approach.The aim of the current study was to determine the drought-related mechanisms in the conomon melon genotype and develop drought-tolerant melon cultivars.Morphological,physiological,pomological,and molecular analyses were carried out on the algae-treated genotypes.It has been determined that commercial algae application provides the best results in leaf temperature,leaf relative water contents(LRWC),plant height,fruit length,fruit diameter,and yield,while Cag Cag(a special river in the region)stream algae application gives better results in main stem diameter.It was determined that the number of nodes in the control(without algae)plots was higher than in the other two treatments.Yield and LRWC and plant height values of genotype 7 were the best values among other genotypes.The leaf temperature measurement was lower on genotype 9 than on the other genotypes.While the highest fruit length value was measured in genotype 1,genotype 8 was superior in the main stem diameter,fruit diameter,and the number of nodes among the remaining plant materials.In terms of yield,it was determined that the interaction between genotype 2 and the commercial algae resulted in the best outcomes.In addition,the results of the genetic evaluation revealed that the materials used were not genetically distant from each other and more detailed genetic evaluations are needed.The molecular kinship analysis revealed that the genotypes used in the study were divided into three distinct groups,with individuals within each group exhibiting a high degree of relatedness to one another.As a result of the study,it was found that the application of microalgae had significant effects on improving the drought tolerance of Cucumis melo subsp.agrestis var.conomon genotypes.展开更多
野古草(Arundinella anomala var. depauperata Keng)在三峡库区长江及其支流江(河)岸有广泛分布,对水淹有很好的耐受能力。有研究表明许多植物在水淹时通气组织发生增强,通气组织的产生改善了植株通气状况,提高了植物对水淹的抵御能力...野古草(Arundinella anomala var. depauperata Keng)在三峡库区长江及其支流江(河)岸有广泛分布,对水淹有很好的耐受能力。有研究表明许多植物在水淹时通气组织发生增强,通气组织的产生改善了植株通气状况,提高了植物对水淹的抵御能力。为了研究水淹是否会影响野古草的通气组织发生以及野古草通气组织发生对水淹的反应,考察了不同水淹深度、不同水淹时间和不同水淹方式处理时野古草茎中通气组织的发生情况。实验中共设置3个水淹深度:不进行水淹(对照)、植株地下部分淹没、植株完全淹没于水下2m深处;5个淹没时间:植株被淹没的时间长度分别为5、10、20、30d和60d;2种水淹方式:连续水淹和间歇水淹。实验结果表明:(1)在无水淹情况下野古草茎中可以产生通气组织,通气组织产生随植株的生长而增强;水淹加快了野古草通气组织发生的进程,促进了野古草通气组织的提前发生。(2)野古草茎中通气组织并不会因为水淹的时间越长而产生越多,植株通气组织的大小达到一定程度后不再因水淹时间的增长而继续增大。(3)淹没深度对通气组织发生有一定影响,总的看来,地下部分淹没野古草植株的通气组织发生要强于完全淹没植株。(4)不同水淹方式对野古草通气组织发生的影响因水淹深度不同而有差异。在完全淹没情况下,连续水淹植株的通气组织比间歇水淹植株的通气组织发达;在地下部分淹没情况下,除水淹初期外,随水淹时间的延长,连续水淹植株通气组织发生与间歇水淹植株没有差异。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1800400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872480)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(CX(19)2020)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(PAPD)。
文摘Streptococcus equi subsp.zooepidemicus(SEZ)is an important zoonotic agent.Here,a virulence-attenuated strain M35246 derived from natural variation of wild-type SEZ ATCC35246 was found.M35246 showed a deletion of 25contiguous genes as well as a loss-of-function mutation in covS.Subsequently,a 25-gene-deleted strain(ΔPI),a covS-mutant strain(Mcov S),and relevant complementary strains were constructed and investigated.M35246 and Mcov S were significantly less encapsulated and exhibited poorer anti-phagocytic capacity compared to wild-type SEZ.McovS was significantly more sensitive toβ-lactams,aminoglycosides,macrolides,and lincosamides than wild-type SEZ.M35246,McovS,andΔPI exhibited an increase in median lethal dose(LD_(50))in mice by 10~5,10~5,and 5 times when compared to wild-type SEZ,respectively.Neither M35246 nor McovS were isolated from mice 48 h after being challenged with approximately 2000 times the LD_(50)of wild-type SEZ.Transcriptome analysis showed that 668 significantly differentially expressed genes existed between McovS and wild-type SEZ.Numerous virulence factor-encoding genes and anabolicrelated genes in McovS that were involved in anti-phagocytosis,capsule formation,pathogenicity,and antibiotic resistance were downregulated significantly relative to the wild-type strain.This study revealed that the CovS plays a vital role in the establishment of SEZ virulence.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Coordinatorship of Siirt University with the Project Number 2018-SİÜFEB-022.
文摘Due to climate change,it is necessary to develop plant varieties that are resilient to climate conditions and resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses.The use of microalgae,which are microorganisms that contain carbohydrates,proteins,lipids,and vitamins,against drought tolerance is a new approach.The aim of the current study was to determine the drought-related mechanisms in the conomon melon genotype and develop drought-tolerant melon cultivars.Morphological,physiological,pomological,and molecular analyses were carried out on the algae-treated genotypes.It has been determined that commercial algae application provides the best results in leaf temperature,leaf relative water contents(LRWC),plant height,fruit length,fruit diameter,and yield,while Cag Cag(a special river in the region)stream algae application gives better results in main stem diameter.It was determined that the number of nodes in the control(without algae)plots was higher than in the other two treatments.Yield and LRWC and plant height values of genotype 7 were the best values among other genotypes.The leaf temperature measurement was lower on genotype 9 than on the other genotypes.While the highest fruit length value was measured in genotype 1,genotype 8 was superior in the main stem diameter,fruit diameter,and the number of nodes among the remaining plant materials.In terms of yield,it was determined that the interaction between genotype 2 and the commercial algae resulted in the best outcomes.In addition,the results of the genetic evaluation revealed that the materials used were not genetically distant from each other and more detailed genetic evaluations are needed.The molecular kinship analysis revealed that the genotypes used in the study were divided into three distinct groups,with individuals within each group exhibiting a high degree of relatedness to one another.As a result of the study,it was found that the application of microalgae had significant effects on improving the drought tolerance of Cucumis melo subsp.agrestis var.conomon genotypes.
文摘野古草(Arundinella anomala var. depauperata Keng)在三峡库区长江及其支流江(河)岸有广泛分布,对水淹有很好的耐受能力。有研究表明许多植物在水淹时通气组织发生增强,通气组织的产生改善了植株通气状况,提高了植物对水淹的抵御能力。为了研究水淹是否会影响野古草的通气组织发生以及野古草通气组织发生对水淹的反应,考察了不同水淹深度、不同水淹时间和不同水淹方式处理时野古草茎中通气组织的发生情况。实验中共设置3个水淹深度:不进行水淹(对照)、植株地下部分淹没、植株完全淹没于水下2m深处;5个淹没时间:植株被淹没的时间长度分别为5、10、20、30d和60d;2种水淹方式:连续水淹和间歇水淹。实验结果表明:(1)在无水淹情况下野古草茎中可以产生通气组织,通气组织产生随植株的生长而增强;水淹加快了野古草通气组织发生的进程,促进了野古草通气组织的提前发生。(2)野古草茎中通气组织并不会因为水淹的时间越长而产生越多,植株通气组织的大小达到一定程度后不再因水淹时间的增长而继续增大。(3)淹没深度对通气组织发生有一定影响,总的看来,地下部分淹没野古草植株的通气组织发生要强于完全淹没植株。(4)不同水淹方式对野古草通气组织发生的影响因水淹深度不同而有差异。在完全淹没情况下,连续水淹植株的通气组织比间歇水淹植株的通气组织发达;在地下部分淹没情况下,除水淹初期外,随水淹时间的延长,连续水淹植株通气组织发生与间歇水淹植株没有差异。
