Substantiality:A Construct Indicating Research Excellence to Measure University Research Performance

Purpose:The adequacy of research performance of universities or research institutes have often been evaluated and understood in two axes:“quantity”(i.e.size or volume)and“quality”(i.e.what we define here as a measure of excellence that is considered theoretically independent of size or volume,such as clarity in diamond grading).The purpose of this article is,however,to introduce a third construct named“substantiality”(“ATSUMI”in Japanese)of research performance and to demonstrate its importance in evaluating/understanding research universities.Design/methodology/approach:We take a two-step approach to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed construct by showing that(1)some characteristics of research universities are not well captured by the conventional constructs(“quantity”and“quality”)-based indicators,and(2)the“substantiality”indicators can capture them.Furthermore,by suggesting that“substantiality”indicators appear linked to the reputation that appeared in university reputation rankings by simple statistical analysis,we reveal additional benefits of the construct.Findings:We propose a new construct named“substantiality”for measuring research performance.We show that indicators based on“substantiality”can capture important characteristics of research institutes.“Substantiality”indicators demonstrate their“predictive powers”on research reputation.Research limitations:The concept of“substantiality”originated from IGO game;therefore the ease/difficulty of accepting the concept is culturally dependent.In other words,while it is easily accepted by people from Japan and other East Asian countries and regions,it might be difficult for researchers from other cultural regions to accept it.Practical implications:There is no simple solution to the challenge of evaluating research universities’research performance.It is vital to combine different types of indicators to understand the excellence of research institutes.Substantiality indicators could be part of such a combination of indicators.Originality/value:The authors propose a new construct named substantiality for measuring research performance.They show that indicators based on this construct can capture the important characteristics of research institutes.

Combined Economic and Emission Power Dispatch Control Using Substantial Augmented Transformative Algorithm

The purpose of the Combined Economic Emission Dispatch(CEED)of electric power is to offer the most exceptional schedule for production units,which must run with both low fuel costs and emission levels concurrently,thereby meeting the lack of system equality and inequality constraints.Economic and emissions dispatching has become a primary and significant concern in power system networks.Consequences of using non-renewable fuels as input to exhaust power systems with toxic gas emissions and depleted resources for future generations.The optimal power allocation to generators serves as a solution to this problem.Emission dispatch reduces emissions while ignoring economic considerations.A collective strategy known as Combined Economic and Emission Dispatch is utilized to resolve the above-mentioned problems and investigate the trade-off relationship between fuel cost and emissions.Consequently,this work manages the Substantial Augmented Transformative Algorithm(SATA)to take care of the Combined Economic Emission Dispatch Problem(CEEDP)of warm units while fulfilling imperatives,for example,confines on generator limit,diminish the fuel cost,lessen the emission and decrease the force misfortune.SATA is a stochastic streamlining process that relies upon the development and knowledge of swarms.The goal is to minimize the total fuel cost of fossil-based thermal power generation units that generate and cause environmental pollution.The algorithm searches for solutions in the search space from the smallest to the largest in the case of forwarding search.The simulation of the proposed system is developed using MATLAB Simulink software.Simulation results show the effectiveness and practicability of this method in terms of economic and emission dispatching issues.The performance of the proposed system is compared with existing Artificial Bee Colony-Particle Swarm Optimization(ABC-PSO),Simulated Annealing(SA),and Differential Evolution(DE)methods.The fuel cost and gas emission of the proposed system are 128904$/hr and 138094.4652$/hr.

Predicted novel insulating electride compound between alkali metals lithium and sodium under high pressure

The application of high pressure can fundamentally modify the crystalline and electronic structures of elements as well as their chemical reactivity, which could lead to the formation of novel materials. Here, we explore the reactivity of lithium with sodium under high pressure, using a swarm structure searching techniques combined with first-principles calculations, which identify a thermodynamically stable Li–Na compound adopting an orthorhombic oP8 phase at pressure above 355 GPa. The formation of Li–Na may be a consequence of strong concentration of electrons transfering from the lithium and the sodium atoms into the interstitial sites, which also leads to open a relatively wide band gap for Li NaoP8. This is substantially different from atoms sharing or exchanging electrons in common compounds and alloys. In addition, lattice-dynamic calculations indicate that Li Na-oP8 remains dynamically stable when pressure decompresses down to 70 GPa.

Consumer Panel Size in Sensory Cosmetic Product Evaluation: A Pilot Study from a Statistical Point of View

Subjective evaluations are nowadays applied more commonly in cosmetic product assessment. They are used in quality control, product development steps and efficacy studies for claim support. Several studies have been published to determine the adequate number of panelists, but recommendations and guidelines dealing with this topic are rare in the cosmetic sector. The aim of the present pilot study was to recommend a suitable study plan and define the adequate consumer panel size for cosmetic consumer assessment. A questionnaire-based product evaluation study, with three different cosmetic products, was organized as a consumer test using a seven-point scale. As a last step, a specific statistical calculation was performed to define the minimum sample size. It showed that the minimum sample size, besides the obvious statistical parameters of standard deviation and confidence interval, also depends on age and gender of the panelists and product assessment item. Utilizing a CI of 95% a minimum of 60 panelists seems to be sufficient for home-use-test (HUT) with a given seven-point scale. A minimum of 101 panelists are shown to be sufficient utilizing a CI of 99%.

COVER

This issue of Virologica Sinica is to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the discovery of 'filterable lytic factor' or 'bacteriophage'(1915-2015).During the past 100 years,both basic knowledge and applications of bacteriophages have been substantially explored and developed.In recent years,bacteriophage research is booming and holding the

Compact finite difference schemes for the backward fractional Feynman–Kac equation with fractional substantial derivative

The fractional Feynman-Kac equations describe the distributions of functionals of non-Brownian motion, or anomalous diffusion, including two types called the forward and backward fractional Feynman-Kac equations, where the nonlocal time-space coupled fractional substantial derivative is involved. This paper focuses on the more widely used backward version. Based on the newly proposed approximation operators for fractional substantial derivative, we establish compact finite difference schemes for the backward fractional Feynman-Kac equation. The proposed difference schemes have the q-th(q = 1, 2, 3, 4) order accuracy in temporal direction and fourth order accuracy in spatial direction, respectively. The numerical stability and convergence in the maximum norm are proved for the first order time discretization scheme by the discrete energy method, where an inner product in complex space is introduced. Finally, extensive numerical experiments are carried out to verify the availability and superiority of the algorithms. Also, simulations of the backward fractional Feynman-Kac equation with Dirac delta function as the initial condition are performed to further confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

BEIJING DECLARATION "Health of Humankind Continues to Need Traditional Medicine"

We, health professional, scientists and health administrator from all over the world involvedin the field of traditional medicine, meeting in Beijing from 18 to 22 October 1991, affirm ourcollective support for traditional medicine. We recognize that traditional medicine has been the cultural heritage and treasure of allpeoples for thousands of years and has substantially to human health and to the development

On the Commonness of “UN Core Human Rights Conventions”

As a main component of international human rights documents, the United Nations core human rights conventions show obvious formal and substance commonalities. The formal commonalities consist in their being adopted by UN General Assembly and their similarity in structure, subjects and systems. Their commonalities in substance include the similarity of contents, the homogeneity of the procedural mechanisms and the complementary nature of their normative interpretation. The commonalities among the UN’s core human rights treaties is the inevitable requirement of the universality and wholeness of human rights.

Quadrilaterals, extremal quasiconformal extensions and Hamilton sequences

The relationship between Strebel boundary dilatation of a quasisymmetric function h of the unit circle and the dilatation indicated by the change in the modules of the quadrilaterals with vertices on the circle intrigues many mathematicians. It had been a conjecture for some time that the dilatations Ko（h） and K1（h） of h are equal before Anderson and Hinkkanen disproved this by constructing concrete counterexamples. The independent work of Wu and of Yang completely characterizes the condition for Ko（h） = K1 （h） when h has no substantial boundary point. In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition to determine the equality for h admitting a substantial boundary point.

Do GMOs Accumulate Formaldehyde and Disrupt Molecular Systems Equilibria? Systems Biology May Provide Answers

Safety assessment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is a contentious topic. Proponents of GMOs assert that GMOs are safe since the FDA’s policy of substantial equivalence considers GMOs “equivalent” to their non-GMO counterparts, and argue that genetic modification (GM) is simply an extension of a “natural” process of plant breeding, a form of “genetic modification”, though done over longer time scales. Anti-GMO activists counter that GMOs are unsafe since substantial equivalence is unscientific and outdated since it originates in the 1970s to assess safety of medical devices, which are not comparable to the complexity of biological systems, and contend that targeted GM is not plant breeding. The heart of the debate appears to be on the methodology used to determine criteria for substantial equivalence. Systems biology, which aims to understand complexity of the whole organism, as a system, rather than just studying its parts in a reductionist manner, may provide a framework to determine appropriate criteria, as it recognizes that GM, small or large, may affect emergent properties of the whole system. Herein, a promising computational systems biology method couples known perturbations on five biomolecules caused by the CP4 EPSPS GM of Glycine max L. (soybean), with an integrative model of C1 metabolism and oxidative stress (two molecular systems critical to plant function). The results predict significant accumulation of formaldehyde and concomitant depletion of glutathione in the GMO, suggesting how a “small” and single GM creates “large” and systemic perturbations to molecular systems equilibria. Regulatory agencies, currently reviewing rules for GMO safety, may wish to adopt a systems biology approach using a combination of in silico, computational methods used herein, and subsequent targeted experimental in vitro and in vivo designs, to develop a systems understanding of “equivalence” using biomarkers, such as formaldehyde and glutathione, which predict metabolic disruptions, towards modernizing the safety assessment of GMOs.

A Precis of Inflation

Inflation may be described as a condition of substantially rising prices butthe measuring devices are inexact and questionable. When such conditions ex-ist,people lose purchasing power by saving money.Higher rate of inflationwould price a nation out of world markets and workers would lose jobs as thelogical consequence.Inflation is disruptive to people under such uncertainty.

CHINA RARE EARTH INFORMATION CENTER

1993 saw the most remarkable recovery in China’s rare earth production and sales inside and outside the country since 1989 especially in the northern part of the country where production and sales reached record high. Although the situation in the south was not as satisfactory as that of the north, still obvious recovery was seen compared to the previous years. The mines of the south, which in the last few years had been in the predicament, in 1993 were out of stock of products sold at substantially higher price in spite of the increased production cost due to the price rise in raw materials. The country’s RE product structure, on the other hand, has gradually been shifted to an era of free market adjustment. Perhaps the most remarkable thing brought about in this year was that both production capacity and output of RE chloride increased by6000 tolls. The economic effectiveness was also improved greatly. Although the net profit was not so satisfactory as one expected, the deficit accumulated in the

Study on the Formation and Development of Xiaoyanwan Tiankeng in Xingwen World Geopark,Sichuan

Chinese scholars Zhu xuewen put forward Tiankeng and defined it as a collapse feature which was diffe rent from the ordinary doline and developed in large-scale underground river channel.This paper analyzed the sasic conditions of Xiaoyanwan Tiankeng formation,such as sedimentary environment,climatic and hydrological conditions and so on;and deeply discussed the development course of Xiaoyanwan Tiankeng on this basis.The research result showed that Xiaoyanwan Tiankeng was completely accord with Tiankeng' definition,and was a well-developed and especially big Tiankeng in the maturation stages.

THE JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS Submission Information

Articles from researchers,scholars,legal practitioners,and postgraduates in the field of human rights are welcomed.We especially seek original papers written in English.Manuscripts should be submitted via www.humanrightscn.com.Authors should not simultaneously submit the manuscript to another journal.

GOTI Makes Off-Target Nowhere to Hide

On March 1st. a paper entitled“Cytosine base editor generates substantial off-target single nucleotide variants in mouse embryos”was published in Science, reporting a breakthrough technique accomplished by the CAS Institute of Neuroscience(ION), the CAS- MPC Partner Institute for Computational Biology(PICB) of the Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health of CAS, the Department of Genetics of Stanford University and the Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen(AGIS) of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Law Professor: Changes "Substantial" in China's Human Rights Conditions

"Substantial" changes have taken place in China’s human rights conditions, according to Professor Xu Xianming, president of the China University of Law and Political Sciences. As a member of the Law Committee of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s highest legislature, he is known for his contributions to improvements in the country’s legal system. In an interview with Human Rights magazine, Professor Xu Xianming listed what he chose to call the "five most important changes" in China’s human rights conditions:

A proof of Sethares' conjecture

Let ψ(z) be holomorphic in the unit disk △ and meromorphic on -△. Suppose f is a Teichmuller mapping with complex dilatation k-ψ/|ψ|. In 1968, Sethares conjectured that f is extremal if and only if either (i) ψ has a double pole or (ii) ψ has no pole of order exceeding two on △. The "if" part of the conjecture had been solved by himself. We will give the affirmative answer to the "only if" part of the conjecture. In addition, a more general criterion for extremality of quasiconformal mappings is constructed in this paper,which generalizes the "if" part of Sethares' conjecture and improves the result by Reich and Shapiro in 1990.

A class of quasisymmetric mappings with substantial points

It is proved that Kq(h)=K0(h) for every h in some class of quasisymmetric mappings of the unit circle with substantial points, where Kq(h):=sup{M(h(Q))/M(Q); Qis a quadrilateral with the domain unit disk} and K0(h) is the extremal maximum dilatation of h.

FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM ON UNIVARIANT CURVES IN MULTISYSTEMS

Advanced and proved by the author, the fundamental theorem on univariant curves in n + 4 phase multisystems states : though a univariant curve is associated with three invariant points in an n + 4 phase multisystem, its stable part, if any, can only occur between certain two stable iuvariant points. Based on this fundamental theorem, the com-

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Chinese Optics Letters is a short-article journal for the rapid dissemination of new,important results in all branches of optical science and technology and related fields,published monthly by Science in China Press and distributed abroad by the Optical Society of America.