Localization method of subsynchronous oscillation source based on high-resolution time-frequency distribution image and CNN

The penetration of new energy sources such as wind power is increasing,which consequently increases the occurrence rate of subsynchronous oscillation events.However,existing subsynchronous oscillation source-identification methods primarily analyze fixed-mode oscillations and rarely consider time-varying features,such as frequency drift,caused by the random volatility of wind farms when oscillations occur.This paper proposes a subsynchronous oscillation sourcelocalization method that involves an enhanced short-time Fourier transform and a convolutional neural network(CNN).First,an enhanced STFT is performed to secure high-resolution time-frequency distribution(TFD)images from the measured data of the generation unit ports.Next,these TFD images are amalgamated to form a subsynchronous oscillation feature map that serves as input to the CNN to train the localization model.Ultimately,the trained CNN model realizes the online localization of subsynchronous oscillation sources.The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are validated via multimachine system models simulating forced and natural oscillation events using the Power Systems Computer Aided Design platform.Test results show that the proposed method can localize subsynchronous oscillation sources online while considering unpredictable fluctuations in wind farms,thus providing a foundation for oscillation suppression in practical engineering scenarios.

Effects of Semi-floating Ring Bearing Outer Clearance on the Subsynchronous Oscillation of Turbocharger Rotor

Semi-floating ring bearing（SFRB） is developed to control the vibration of turbocharger rotor. The outer clearance of SFRB affects the magnitude and frequency of nonlinear whirl motion, which is significant for the design of turbocharger. In order to explore the effects of outer clearance, a transient finite element analysis program for rotor and oil film bearing is built and validated by a published experimental case. The nonlinear dynamic behaviors ofrotor-SFRB system are simulated. According to the simulation results, two representative subsynchronous oscillations excited by the two hearings respectively are discovered. As the outer clearance of SFRB increases from 24 ~tm to 60 pro, the low-frequency subsynchronous oscillation experiences three steps, including a strong start, a gradual recession and a combination with the other one. At the same time, the high-frequency subsynchronous oscillation starts to appear gradually, then strengthens, and finally combines. If gravity and unbalance are neglected, the combination will start starts from high rotor speed and extents to low rotor speed, just like a ＂zipper＂. It is found from the quantitative analysis that when the outer clearance increases, the vibration amplitude experiences large value firstly, then reduction, and suddenly increasing after combination. A useful design principle of SFRB outer clearance for minimum vibration amplitude is proposed： the outer clearance value should be chosen to keep the frequency of two subsynchronous oscillations clearly separated and their amplitudes close.

Subsynchronous oscillation monitoring and alarm method based on phasor measurements

Owing to the large-scale grid connection of new energy sources, several installed power electronic devices introduce sub-/supersynchronous inter-harmonics into power signals, resulting in the frequent occurrence of subsynchronous oscillations(SSOs). The SSOs may cause significant harm to generator sets and power systems;thus, online monitoring and accurate alarms for power systems are crucial for their safe and stable operation. Phasor measurement units(PMUs) can realize the dynamic real-time monitoring of power systems. Based on PMU phasor measurements, this study proposes a method for SSO online monitoring and alarm implementation for the main station of a PMU. First, fast Fourier transform frequency spectrum analysis is performed on PMU current phasor amplitude data to obtain subsynchronous frequency components. Second, the support vector machine learning algorithm is trained to obtain the amplitude threshold and subsequently filter out safe components and retain harmful ones. Finally, the adaptive duration threshold is determined according to frequency susceptibility, amplitude attenuation, and energy accumulation to decide whether to transmit an alarm signal. Experiments based on field data verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Analysis of Sub-Synchronous Oscillation of Virtual Synchronous Generator and Research on Suppression Strategy in Weak Grid

At present,the direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator(DD-PMSG)grid connected system based on virtual synchronous generator(VSG)control will experience power oscillation at sub synchronous frequencies.The mechanism and characteristics of this new type of sub-synchronous interaction(SSI)are not yet clear,and the system cannot recover to steady state solely based on the characteristics of VSG itself.Especially when connected to a weak current network,oscillations are more pronounced,affecting the stability of the system.In severe cases,the systemmay trigger shutdown protection and be disconnected from the network.Existing research has only analyzed the oscillation mechanism under this phenomenon and has not proposed corresponding control strategies.This article proposes aVSM control strategy based on the VSG control algorithm,which balances the dq axis component of voltage and current,and improves the voltage and current loop of VSG control to reduce the impact of sub-synchronous oscillation(SSO)on the power grid.In MATLAB/Simulink,a simulation model of the proposed control strategy was built to verify its correctness and effectiveness.

Improved Subsynchronous Oscillation Parameter Identification with Synchrophasor Based on Matrix Pencil Method in Power Systems

The subsynchronous oscillations(SSOs)related to renewable generation seriously affect the stability and safety of the power systems.To realize the dynamic monitoring of SSOs by utilizing the high computational efficiency and noise-resilient features of the matrix pencil method(MPM),this paper propos es an improved MPM-based parameter identification with syn chrophasors.The MPM is enhanced by the angular frequency fitting equations based on the characteristic polynomial coeffi cients of the matrix pencil to ensure the accuracy of the identi fied parameters,since the existing eigenvalue solution of the MPM ignores the angular frequency conjugation constraints of the two fundamental modes and two oscillation modes.Then,the identification and recovery of bad data are proposed by uti lizing the difference in temporal continuity of the synchropha sors before and after noise reduction.The proposed parameter identification is verified with synthetic,simulated,and actual measured phase measurement unit(PMU)data.Compared with the existing MPM,the improved MPM achieves better accuracy for parameter identification of each component in SSOs,better real-time performance,and significantly reduces the effect of bad data.

PROPOSALS CONCERNING THE RESEARCH WORK OF TURBOGENERATOR TORSIONAL OSCILLATIONS IN CHINA

In this paper,proposals in the following arcas of turbogenerator torsionaloscillation(TTO)researches in China are presented:* Concerning the focal points of TTO studies;* Concerning the modelling and data acquisition of TTO;* Concerning the computation and analysis of TTO transients;* Concerning the monitoring and analyzing devices of TTO;* Concerning the countermeasures against TTO.It is concluded that researches centered on torsional oscillations caused by system dis-turbances and switching events should begin the carlier the better.

基于改进自适应陷波的双馈风电场时变次同步振荡抑制策略

双馈风电场经串补电容并网时,可能引发次同步控制相互作用(subsynchronous control interaction,SSCI),严重威胁系统安全稳定运行。通过在风机控制器中引入陷波器可有效阻断SSCI,然而固定参数陷波器难以适应实际系统中次同步振荡表现出的频率大范围时变特征。为解决这一问题,该文提出一种基于改进自适应陷波(adaptive notch filter,ANF)的双馈风电场时变次同步振荡抑制策略。首先,分析ANF安装于风机转子侧变流器(rotor-side converter,RSC)不同位置时对次同步振荡分量的阻断效果,确定ANF的最佳安装位置;其次,基于紧缩技术近似投影子空间跟踪算法(projection approximation subspace tracking based on the deflation technique,PASTd)在线获取次同步振荡信息,提出总体控制架构,设计基于量测数据辨识的ANF中心频率更新策略;最终,在考虑风速、风机台数、无功出力、电网拓扑变化等多种影响因素的情况下,验证控制策略对频率时变次同步振荡的抑制效果。与现有方法相比,所提控制策略不依赖于系统的准确数学模型,且具备较强的鲁棒性和适应性。

次同步振荡在交直流电网中传播的关键影响因素

随着“双高”电力系统的发展,次同步振荡问题日益凸出,亟需研究交直流线路次同步振荡传播的关键影响因素。从系统响应量测时序数据着手,提出了一种次同步振荡传播关键影响因素定量分析方法。首先,基于自适应噪声完全集合经验模态分解(complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition, CEEMDAN)的改进小波阈值去噪方法对量测数据进行降噪处理,减少噪声对Prony分析的影响;其次,基于次同步振荡传播各影响因素的相关系数和互信息量建立相关性评价组合模型;最后,计算交直流不同参数在综合模型中的评价指标,得出次同步振荡在交直流线路中传播的关键影响因素。通过在PSCAD搭建2区域4机系统进行分析,结果表明:影响交流线路次同步振荡传播的极强相关参数为交流线路潮流,影响直流线路次同步振荡传播的极强相关参数为次同步振荡频率下交流线路阻抗特性。

新能源经柔直送出系统的次同步振荡分析与抑制

2020年9—10月份,我国华北地区某新能源经柔直送出系统出现了2~6 Hz的持续振荡,导致风电机组频繁脱网和设备损坏。该文利用现场录波数据建立系统等效阻抗网络模型,解释次同步振荡的发生原因。为解决该问题,提出在风电机组变流器控制中嵌入次同步陷波环节的振荡抑制方法,依据实测数据进行参数设计,并进行现场实施与测试。多种工况下的实测结果表明,次同步陷波环节可有效抑制振荡且不影响风电机组的正常运行。该方法易于设计和实现,为解决类似问题提供一种高效实用的方案。

一种多地DFIG联动控制的多馈入受端系统连续换相失败抑制策略

我国沿海负荷中心呈现直流多馈入的结构特征,海上风电的大规模开发使得系统在非正常工况下容易诱发次同步振荡,电压的快速波动可能会造成连续换相。针对该现象进行机理分析,通过优化双馈风电机组(doubly fed induction generator,DFIG)的控制方法,有效抑制了次同步振荡。同时,针对不同区域风电场调节能力差异,通过关联各直流落点的多馈入交互作用因子(multi-infeed interaction factor,MIIF),充分调动不同区域风电场的补偿能力抬升系统电压。该方法有效地抑制直流多馈入系统的异地连续换相失败。最后,通过PSCAD仿真对比验证所提策略的有效性。

基于有源阻尼控制的区域电网新能源基地次同步振荡抑制的研究

近年来,由于大规模新能源基地不断接入电网,导致系统转动惯量降低,产生次同步振荡问题。为此,提出了基于有源阻尼的新能源基地次同步振荡抑制策略。该控制策略将有源阻尼控制器附加于新能源并网装置的有功功率环上,通过采集电网频率,实现对振荡频段内的输出信号进行幅值和相位校正,改善系统的次同步阻尼特性,提高系统稳定性。在此基础上对有源阻尼控制器参数进行优化设计,并通过特征根分析法和Prony算法进行验证。最后,以某市区域电网为例进行仿真分析,当该电网出现次同步振荡后,在新能源基地上附加有源阻尼控制,可以快速抑制次同步振荡,提升系统阻尼,验证了有源阻尼控制的适用性和有效性。

基于匹配控制的构网型直驱风电场次同步振荡机理与特性研究

近年来,具有低时延和惯量同步等优势的匹配控制成为主流构网型控制方案之一,但基于匹配控制的构网型直驱风电场的次同步振荡机理及特性尚不明确。因此,该文建立构网型直驱风电场并网系统的小信号模型,通过特征值法分析了系统的振荡模态及参与因子,并借鉴同步机中阻尼转矩法分析构网型直驱风电场的次同步振荡机理。结果表明,构网型直驱风电场中匹配控制主导的振荡模态在强电网下呈现负阻尼特性,系统存在次同步振荡的风险,但匹配控制振荡模态相较于跟网型控制的锁相环振荡模态具有更好的弱电网适应能力;匹配控制振荡模态存在类似于同步机转子运动方程的动态特性,使得构网型直驱风电场可能发生弱阻尼振荡;减小交流电网强度或无功控制器积分系数,增大构网型直驱风机台数或无功控制器比例系数,能够增大匹配控制振荡模态的阻尼,降低系统次同步振荡风险。

基于深度Q网络优化运行方式的风电场次同步振荡抑制策略

随着我国新型电力系统的不断发展,电力系统次同步振荡问题凸显,严重影响电网的安全稳定运行,而振荡阻尼水平对风电场次同步振荡具有重要影响。由于系统阻尼随电力系统运行方式变化,提出一种基于深度Q网络优化运行方式的风电场次同步振荡抑制策略。首先,通过时域仿真分析桨距角和串补电容对风电场次同步振荡阻尼的影响,在此基础上建立桨距角调整风机出力、并联电容调整线路串补的次同步振荡联合优化数学模型。其次,将深度Q网络算法应用于系统振荡阻尼优化求解问题,获得风电机组次同步振荡抑制优化策略,并与基于遗传算法求解的次同步振荡抑制结果对比。结果表明,该方法有效降低了振荡幅值,提升了系统的阻尼,验证了该方法的合理性和优越性。

基于AVMD-ITKEO算法的次/超同步振荡辨识

针对大规模风电系统中可能出现的次/超同步振荡问题,文章提出了一种改进Teager-Kaiser能量算子算法和自适应变分模态分解算法,通过将这两种算法相结合实现了次/超同步振荡模态参数的准确辨识。首先,通过改进的万有引力算法最小化包络信息熵,求解最优模态分量数与惩罚因子;然后,进行变分模态分解以获得各主导模态;之后,再通过改进的Teager-Kaiser算法辨识各主导模态的参数;最后,通过辨识模拟信号和实际电网数据并与其他算法进行对比,验证了文章所提振荡参数辨识算法的有效性和优越性。

基于双向长短期记忆生成对抗网络的电力系统次同步振荡数据生成方法

针对实际工程中次同步振荡数据缺乏的问题,提出1种基于双向长短期记忆生成对抗网络的电力系统次同步振荡数据生成方法。首先,将双向长短期记忆(BiLSTM)网络引入生成模型和判别模型,充分挖掘振荡数据正向和反向的时间序列信息;然后,将Wasserstein距离引入生成式对抗网络(GAN)模型,解决训练不稳定的问题;最后,提出基于动态时间规整(DTW)的相似性指标及基于频域分析的振荡模态真实性指标,以衡量生成样本质量。算例分析表明,所提方法生成的数据符合振荡数据的特性,且在数据真实性方面具有一定优势。

基于有限状态机的次同步振荡在线监测与抑制策略

随着大规模风电接入电网,次同步振荡风险不断提高,现有研究提出的次同步振荡辨识指标不够全面,抑制方法或成本较高,或影响风电场有功输出。针对这一问题,本文对次同步振荡的在线监测方法与抑制措施进行分析,结合次同步振荡的启动门槛、功率振幅门槛、功率周期门槛和振荡次数门槛,提出一种基于有限状态机的次同步振荡在线监测方法及相应的抑制策略。该监测方法根据三相总瞬时功率的变化轨迹辨识次同步振荡的发生,感知次同步振荡的严重程度,并采取分阶段在转子侧变流器q轴、d轴附加阻尼控制器抑制次同步振荡。Simulink仿真结果表明,采取所提策略在不同串补度工况下均能准确辨识并抑制次同步振荡。

基于多元经验模态分解的风电并网系统次同步振荡检测

随着风电的大规模并网,电力系统次同步振荡(SSO)事件频发,严重威胁电网的安全稳定运行。实现风电并网系统SSO的准确检测,对保障系统稳定运行具有重要意义。现有的基于量测数据的SSO检测方法多为单通道方法,难以兼顾系统全局SSO特性。为此,文章提出了一种基于多元经验模态分解(MEMD)的风电并网系统SSO检测方法。首先,对风电并网点量测数据进行多元经验模态分解,进而借助Teager-Kaiser能量算子(TKEO)筛选出含SSO模式的IMF分量;然后,采用希尔伯特黄变换(HHT)辨识次同步振荡频率及阻尼比;最后,结合改进的4机2区域测试系统的仿真数据对所提SSO检测方法进行测试,结果验证了所提方法的有效性。

串补电容对锁相环主导下变流器振荡问题的影响分析

串联电容补偿技术在电网中被广泛应用,然而串补电容的动态特性对锁相环型变流器的稳定性有重要的影响。为分析此影响,在极坐标下建立变流器经串补并网系统的阻抗模型,并导出考虑串补电容的广义阻抗判据。在此基础上,阐明了串补电容与锁相环的动态耦合以及相应的稳定机制。进一步地,分析了电网强度、串补度和锁相环参数变化对系统稳定性的影响,并提出基于广义阻抗判据的锁相环参数设计方法,以提升变流器经串补并网系统的稳定性。研究表明变流器经串补并网后容易恶化弱电网下锁相环主导的次同步振荡问题,且提升锁相环比例增益可显著增强串补并网系统的稳定性。

基于功率外环附加阻尼控制的柔性直流抑制送端火电机组次同步振荡研究

利用柔性直流控制的灵活性抑制次同步振荡被广泛研究,但是对于有功、无功控制回路的抑制效果不同的机理解释很少。针对柔直近区火电机组的次同步振荡问题,提出一种基于功率外环附加阻尼控制的柔直抑制次同步振荡策略。通过对电气阻尼曲线负阻尼频段分析,结合柔直变流器控制特点,选取附加控制的最优位置,通过基于功率外环附加阻尼控制提高火电机组电气阻尼。然后,建立复转矩系数传递函数,分析有功、无功外环附加阻尼控制效果的强弱与柔直功率外环参数相关,主要是与传输有功、无功功率大小有关,揭示柔直功率外环d轴和q轴附加阻尼控制时对电气阻尼影响差异的机理。最后,通过PSCAD时域模型仿真验证分析的正确性。

新型电力系统下火电机组灵活性运行技术发展及挑战

“双碳”背景下,新能源开始大规模并网发电,但新能源发电的随机性与波动性对电网造成一定冲击,亟需构建新型电力系统。在这一过程中,作为电力系统的基石,传统火电将向提供可靠容量、调峰调频等辅助服务的基础保障性和系统调节性电源转型,火电机组的灵活性改造成为必然选择。分析了构建新型电力系统的阶段性目标及面临的困难与挑战,探讨了现阶段火电机组灵活性改造遇到的问题,结合火电运行数据,分析火电机组配置储能设备的技术途径。研究认为:构建新型电力系统过程中存在着电力系统不稳定、传统火电转型困难、能耗大、环保压力大等问题;火电机组本体的灵活性改造面临调峰能力不足、运行成本较高、负荷响应慢、运行能耗大及安全性不高等问题;通过火电加储能的运行模式会带来较好的经济效益和环境效益。