Data Prediction Model Using Combination of Clustering and Fuzzy Technique

The analysis of environmental daily evaporation plays a vital role in the field of agriculture. It is very essential to know the daily evaporation rate of a particular area for proper cultivation. So, we need a standard prediction model which can predict the daily evaporation. In this paper, we use subtractive clustering and Fuzzy logic to predict daily evaporation of a particular area. The input data used in the paper are: maximum soil temperature, average soil temperature, average air temperature, minimum relative humidity, average relative humidity and total wind, which are related to the daily evaporation of a particular area as the output. The accuracy of output of the paper is compared with the previous model of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and we get better result towards the target value. The finding of the paper is applicable in environmental science, geological science and agriculture.

Estimation of convergence of a high-speed railway tunnel in weak rocks using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) approach

Estimation of tunnel diameter convergence is a very important issue for tunneling construction,especially when the new Austrian tunneling method（NATM） is adopted.For this purpose,a systematic convergence measurement is usually implemented to adjust the design during the whole construction,and consequently deadly hazards can be prevented.In this study,a new fuzzy model capable of predicting the diameter convergences of a high-speed railway tunnel was developed on the basis of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system（ANFIS） approach.The proposed model used more than 1 000 datasets collected from two different tunnels,i.e.Daguan tunnel No.2 and Yaojia tunnel No.1,which are part of a tunnel located in Hunan Province,China.Six Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference systems were constructed by using subtractive clustering method.The data obtained from Daguan tunnel No.2 were used for model training,while the data from Yaojia tunnel No.1 were employed to evaluate the performance of the model.The input parameters include surrounding rock masses（SRM） rating index,ground engineering conditions（GEC） rating index,tunnel overburden（H）,rock density（？）,distance between monitoring station and working face（D）,and elapsed time（T）.The model’s performance was assessed by the variance account for（VAF）,root mean square error（RMSE）,mean absolute percentage error（MAPE） as well as the coefficient of determination（R2） between measured and predicted data as recommended by many researchers.The results showed excellent prediction accuracy and it was suggested that the proposed model can be used to estimate the tunnel convergence and convergence velocity.

Automatic sweet pepper detection based on point cloud images using subtractive clustering

Automatic identification and detection of fruit on trees by machine vision is the basis of developing automatic harvesting robots in agriculture.The occlusion of branches,leaves and other fruits in canopy images will affect the accuracy of fruit detection.To provide a scientific and reliable technical guidance for fruit harvesting robots,a method using point cloud images was proposed in this study to detect red fruits to overcome the impact of occlusion on detection.Firstly,the fruit regions were segmented from a tree’s point cloud by applying the color threshold of red and green.Then,the noise in fruit point clouds was removed with sparse outlier removal.Finally,the point cloud of each fruit was detected and counted based on the subtractive clustering algorithm.For the sweet pepper dataset,the true positive rate(TPR)is 90.69%and the false positive rate(FPR)is 6.97%for all fruits that are at least partially visible in the scene.

A deep semantic segmentation-based algorithm to segment crops and weeds in agronomic color images

In precision agriculture,the accurate segmentation of crops and weeds in agronomic images has always been the center of attention.Many methods have been proposed but still the clean and sharp segmentation of crops and weeds is a challenging issue for the images with a high presence of weeds.This work proposes a segmentation method based on the combination of semantic segmentation and K-means algorithms for the segmenta-tion of crops and weeds in color images.Agronomic images of two different databases were used for the segmentation algorithms.Using the thresholding technique,everything except plants was removed from the images.Afterward,semantic segmentation was applied using U-net followed by the segmentation of crops and weeds using the K-means subtractive algorithm.The comparison of segmentation performance was made for the proposed method and K-Means clustering and superpixels algorithms.The proposed algorithm pro-vided more accurate segmentation in comparison to other methods with the maximum accuracy of equivalent to 99.19%.Based on the confusion matrix,the true-positive and true-negative values were 0.9952 and 0.8985 representing the true classification rate of crops and weeds,respectively.The results indicated that the proposed method successfully provided accurate and convincing results for the segmentation of crops and weeds in the images with a complex presence of weeds.