Assessment of the Influence of Tunnel Settlement on Operational Performance of Subway Vehicles

In the realm of subway shield tunnel operations,the impact of tunnel settlement on the operational performance of subway vehicles is a crucial concern.This study introduces an advanced analytical model to investigate rail geometric deformations caused by settlement within a vehicle-track-tunnel coupled system.The model integrates the geometric deformations of the track,attributed to settlement,as track irregularities.A novel“cyclic model”algorithm was employed to enhance computational efficiency without compromising on precision,a claim that was rigorously validated.The model’s capability extends to analyzing the time-history responses of vehicles traversing settlement-affected areas.The research primarily focuses on how settlement wavelength,amplitude,and vehicle speed influence operational performance.Key findings indicate that an increase in settlement wavelength can improve vehicle performance,whereas a rise in amplitude can degrade it.The study also establishes settlement thresholds,based on vehicle operation comfort and safety.These insights are pivotal for maintaining and enhancing the safety and efficiency of subway systems,providing a valuable framework for urban infrastructure management and long-term maintenance strategies in metropolitan transit systems.

Sustainable Urban Mobility: (A)Synchrony between Subway Systems

The present study analyses the differences between the subways systems of two cities, Lisbon (Portugal) and Brasília (Brazil), verifying the extent to which their subway systems are spatially integrated with the respective urban fabric-which would promote a better synchrony in terms of economy and sustainability. For interpreting the data, the methodology and tools of the Theory of the Social Logic of Space were used, by means of axial maps, researching the relationship between the constructed and empty (public spaces) areas of the urban structures. Based on the findings, meaningful differences between the subway systems and the configuration of urban spaces were observed, as a product of specific design matrixes. In Lisbon, the mobility associated to the subway seems to be encouraged by the integration of the system with the potential for movement provided by the urban tissue (making the secondary centralities articulated with the subway stations more dynamic). In Brasilia, however, there are several difficulties for such mobility, due to the predominant role of the empty spaces in the city which weakens the gathering potential of such areas, despite the fact that such articulation with secondary centralities is also present there.

Construction Technology of Pile Foundation for Subway Tunnel Crossing Bridge

Urban infrastructure has become more complex with the rapid development of urban transportation networks.In urban environments with limited space,construction of facilities like subways and bridges may mutually influence each other,especially when subway construction requires passing under bridges.In such cases,pile foundation replacement technology is often necessary.However,this technology is highly specialized,with a lengthy and risky construction period,and high costs.Personnel must be proficient in key technical aspects to ensure construction quality.This article discusses the technical principle,construction process,and core technology of pile foundation replacement,along with the application of this technology in subway tunnel crossing bridge projects,supported by engineering examples for reference.

Automatic Sensing and Detection for Subway Tunnel Pathologies

Subway tunnels often suffer from surface pathologies such as cracks,corrosion,fractures,peeling,water and sand infiltration,and sudden hazards caused by foreign object intrusions.Installing a mobile visual pathology sensing system at the front end of operating trains is a critical measure to ensure subway safety.Taking leakage as the typical pathology,a tunnel pathology automatic visual detection method based on Deeplabv3+(ASTPDS)was proposed to achieve automatic and high-precision detection and pixel-level morphology extraction of pathologies.Compared with similar methods,this approach showed significant advantages and achieved a detection accuracy of 93.12%,surpassing FCN and U-Net.Moreover,it also exceeded the recall rates for detecting leaks of FCN and U-Net by 8.33%and 8.19%,respectively.

Discussion on Construction Technology of Subway Tunnel Expansion under Bridge Foundation

As the urban populations grow,the number and size of subway construction projects are increasing while also meeting higher construction standards.So,subway construction projects must have a better understanding of construction technology.This article focuses on the construction technology of the subway tunnel expansion under the bridge foundation.By analyzing the engineering characteristics of the bridge foundation and using a project as an example,this article provides a detailed discussion of the construction process of tunnel expansion under a bridge foundation.This article aims to serve as a reference for subway tunnel construction in China to ensure the key points of construction technology are understood,thus improving construction quality and laying a solid technical foundation for the sustainable development of urban rail engineering.

Functional Characteristics of Beijing Subway Stations Based on POI Data:Taking Beijing Metro Line 6 as An Example

Urban subway station is a key node related to urban social,political,economic and cultural activities.There are some differences in the location,function orientation,land use and flow characteristics of different types of stations in the city.This paper mainly used Tyson’s edge,kernel density analysis,chart analysis and other methods to classify the functional types of 412,393 POI data of 26 stations along Metro he results showed that the spatial distribution of Beijing Metro Line 6 was mainly divided into 3 categories,subway stations were divided into 4 categories.Among them,type A sites were divided into composite and single types,and the distribution characteristics of the 6 types of sites were quite different.Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of POI point data,this method can quickly classify and analyze the characteristics of stations along Line 6 in Beijing,which also has theoretical and practical value for the planning of urban subway lines.

Monitoring Study of Long-Term Land Subsidence during Subway Operation in High-Density Urban Areas Based on DInSAR-GPS-GIS Technology and Numerical Simulation

During subway operation,various factors will cause long-term land subsidence,such as the vibration subsidence of foundation soil caused by train vibration load,incomplete consolidation deformation of foundation soil during tunnel construction,dense buildings and structures in the vicinity of the tunnel,and changes in water level in the stratum where the tunnel is located.The monitoring of long-term land subsidence during subway operation in high-density urban areas differs from that in low-density urban construction areas.The former is the gathering point of the entire urban population.There are many complex buildings around the project,busy road traffic,high pedestrian flow,and less vegetation cover.Several existing items requiremonitoring.However,monitoring distance is long,and providing early warning is difficult.This study uses the 2.8 km operation line between Wulin Square station and Ding’an Road station of Hangzhou Subway Line 1 as an example to propose the integrated method of DInSAR-GPS-GIS technology and the key algorithm for long-term land subsidence deformation.Then,it selects multiscene image data to analyze long-termland subsidence of high-density urban areas during subway operation.Results show that long-term land subsidence caused by the operation of Wulin Square station to Ding’an Road station of Hangzhou Subway Line 1 is small,with maximumsubsidence of 30.64 mm,and minimumsubsidence of 11.45 mm,and average subsidence ranging from 19.27 to 21.33 mm.And FLAC3D software was used to verify the monitoring situation,using the geological conditions of the soil in the study area and the tunnel profile to simulate the settlement under vehicle load,and the simulation results tended to be consistent with the monitoring situation.

A practical framework for performance-based reliability analysis of subway stations based on a faultestructure combined system

It is necessary to pay particular attention to the uncertainties that exist in an engineering problem to reduce the risk of seismic damage of infrastructures against natural hazards.Moreover,certain structural performance levels should be satisfied during strong earthquakes.However,these performance levels have been only well described for aboveground structures.This study investigates the main uncertainties involved in the performance-based seismic analysis of a multi-story subway station.More than 100 pulse-like and no pulse-like ground motions have been selected.In this regard,an effective framework is presented,based on a set of nonlinear static and dynamic analyses performed by OpenSees code.The probabilistic seismic demand models for computing the free-field shear strain of soil and racking ratio of structure are proposed.These models result in less variability compared with existing relations,and make it possible to evaluate a wider range of uncertainties through reliability analysis in Rtx software using the Monte Carlo sampling method.This work is performed for three different structural performance levels(denoted as PL1ePL3).It is demonstrated that the error terms related to the magnitude and location of earthquake excitations and also the corresponding attenuation relationships have been the most important parameters.Therefore,using a faultestructure model would be inevitable for the reliability analysis of subway stations.It is found that the higher performance level(i.e.PL3)has more sensitivity to random variables than the others.In this condition,the pulse-like ground motions have a major contribution to the vulnerability of subway stations.

Classification of Beijing Line 10 Subway Living Circle Based on Multi-source Big Data

In the first-tier cities,subway has become an important carrier and life focus of people’s daily travel activities.By studying the distribution of POIs of public service facilities around Metro Line 10,using GIS to quantitatively analyze the surrounding formats of subway stations,discussing the functional attributes of subway stations,and discussing the distribution of urban functions from a new perspective,this paper provided guidance and advice for the construction of service facilities.

Assessment of the Safety Impacts of a Pit Construction on the Neighboring Subway

In order to study the impact of pit excavation on the adjacent existing subway structure,the safety impact assessment of a project was carried out using project under construction near the subway as the engineering background.The results show that the new pit construction will produce some additional deformation on the existing subway interval structure,the deformation values are within the permissible range for safe operation.Through analysis of the results,the risk point rating of the pit adjacent to the interval is level 2.In general,the impacts of the pit construction on the neighboring subway structure are less than the specification limits.

Study on the Principle Model and Simplification of Subway Station Itemized Energy Consumption

Owing to the constant modernization and urbanization of China,most cities have subways,and the total power consumption of subway stations has been rising,which contradicts with China’s green goals.In this regard,energy consumption indicators for major energy use projects in subway stations should be established,comprehensive evaluation and detailed research on the current situation of subway operation should be conducted,and specific energy-saving measures should be taken from a diversified perspective.It is crucial to systematically sort out the principle of sub-item energy consumption in subway stations,and practice and explore the specific simplification measures of the principle model of sub-item energy consumption,so as to lay a solid foundation for achieving the goal of reducing energy consumption of subway stations.

Passengers gathering-scattering analysis at the corners of subway stations

During both daily operation and emergency evacuation,the corners of walking facilities in subway stations play an important role in efficient circulation.However,the effectiveness of the corner is difficult to assess.In this paper,a method of passenger gathering and scattering analysis based on queueing models was proposed to investigate the corner performance in subway stations.Firstly,we constructed a set of state spaces of passenger flow according to passenger density and proposed the state transition model of passenger flow.Moreover,the model of passenger flow blocking and unblocking probability were also presented.Then,to illustrate the validity of the method and model,several passenger gathering-scattering scenarios and were simulated to verify the influence of passenger distribution and facility width on passenger walking,and the blocking probability,throughput,and expected time were also analyzed under various widths of the target corridor and arrival rates.Results showed that the proposed model can reproduce the trend of walking parameters changing and the self-organizing phenomenon of'faster is lower'.With the increase of arrival rates of passengers,walking speeds of passengers decrease and the expected walking time is prolonged,and the blocking probability sharply increased when the arrival rate exceeded 7 peds/s.In addition,with change of width of the target facility,efficiency of capacity of walking circulation facility fluctuated.With the width of the target corridor enlarged by 10%,the steady state of passenger flow was less crowded.Therefore,corridor width is critical to the circulation efficiency of passengers in subway stations.The conclusions will help to develop reasonable passenger flow control plans to ease the jam and keep passengers walking safely.

基于静力推覆分析的穿越地裂缝浅埋地铁车站地震破坏模式研究

以处于西安f4地裂缝场地的浅埋地铁车站为研究对象,通过开展振动台试验,探讨了地裂缝场地和结构的震害特征。同时,考虑场地地震响应的非一致性,采用静力推覆分析方法,分析了穿越地裂缝浅埋地铁车站的地震破坏模式。结果表明:针对地裂缝场地地下结构的Pushover分析方法能够较真实地反应地震作用下地裂缝场地的活动特征和地下结构的破坏特点。在水平地震作用下,趋于稳定状态的地裂缝上、下盘土体主要进行张合活动(相互挤压与分离)。其中,相互挤压会对结构中柱施加明显附加压弯作用。地裂缝场地土体的水平剪切变形是结构破坏的主要外在因素,而地裂缝活动造成的附加压弯作用会进一步增大中柱轴压比,降低中柱的变形能力,加速结构的地震破坏。在地裂缝场地特征变形作用下,结构底层中柱水平剪切变形能力相对较弱,且结构剪力表现出明显的空间分布规律,上盘结构底层中柱是结构的抗震关键构件。研究结果对该类结构的抗震设计具有重要参考价值。

考虑分岔角度和火源位置的地铁分岔隧道火灾临界风速研究

为探究地铁分岔隧道的分岔角度和火源位置对隧道火灾烟气蔓延的影响规律,使用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS对不同火源位置、火源功率以及分岔角度等火灾场景下的地铁分岔隧道烟气温度分布、临界风速进行研究。研究结果表明:地铁分岔联络隧道的临界风速受表征顶棚最高温升系数α和表征分岔隧道分流量的速度损失系数ζ的耦合影响;临界风速时,隧道火源下游烟气温度符合双指数模型衰减;在本文研究的火源功率范围内,分岔隧道内无量纲临界风速与无量纲火源功率的1/3次方成正比;相同火源功率下,分岔角度对临界风速影响较小,而火源位置对临界风速影响较大,火源位于分岔后的临界风速大小约为分岔前的1/(1-ζ)倍。研究结果可为地铁分岔联络通道的通风排烟系统工程设计提供一定程度的参考。

场景理论视角下“图书馆+地铁”公共文化服务创新研究

图书馆与地铁跨界融合,共同打造公共文化空间,是拓展公共文化服务覆盖的有效途径,也是公共文化服务融合发展的新思路,而“场景”本质上是更高级形式的文化空间,本文在既有研究和我国实践探索经验基础上,提出“图书馆+地铁”这一公共文化融合服务场景概念,并引入场景理论,论证分析其应用于建设“图书馆+地铁”场景的契合性。在场景理论指导下,从合法性、真实性、戏剧性3个维度出发,打造深入人心的公共文化服务场景,探索“图书馆+地铁”的更多可能性,为公共文化服务发展注入活力。

人群疏散模拟仿真软件系统自主研发与应用——以Pedynamics为例

为更加精准地分析与评估公共场所突发事件下人员疏散的需求,自主研发了新一代人群疏散模拟仿真软件Pedynamics。以某地铁场景为例,比较分析Pedynamics与商业软件Pathfinder和AnyLgoic用于模拟地铁车站不同客流量下的疏散过程,并进行讨论,提出改进人群疏散效率的措施。研究结果表明:Pedynamics软件采用前后端分离的架构进行模块化开发,易于升级维护;后端采用的人群疏散计算模型结合了人群疏散动力学特别是人员有限理性路径选择行为方面的研究成果,能够真实体现行人的疏散行为特征;软件前端的场景预处理界面能够帮助用户简单、快速地基于图纸构建疏散场景,可视化及数据统计模块支持多视角查看模拟结果和疏散数据,提高工程应用的效率。研究结果可为人群疏散风险评估提供技术支持。

地铁双线隧道下穿既有车站冻结加固冻胀控制措施

针对城市长距离大断面地下空间冻结工程的冻胀特性问题,依托上海地铁18号线国权路站双线隧道下穿既有车站冻结工程,基于热力耦合方程,利用有限元软件建立三维数值模型,结合室内试验所得物理参数,研究该工程的冻胀位移场演化规律,并探究错峰冻结、调整盐水温度等措施对冻胀位移场的影响规律。在本试验条件下,研究结果表明:①冻胀引起的车站底板变形主要发生于积极冻结期;双线隧道同时冻结模式下,冻结45 d时车站底板竖向位移量达到冻结90 d时竖向位移量的77.72%。②冻结90 d时,错峰冻结工况下车站底板竖向位移量较双线隧道同时冻结时减小了7.7%,表明错峰冻结避免了同一时间段内的冻胀叠加效应,一定程度上降低冻胀效应。③冻结90 d时,调整盐水温度工况下车站底板竖向位移量较温度调控前减小34.2%;表明调整盐水温度可控制冻土扩展速率,有效降低冻胀效应。实际工程中,采用错峰冻结、调整盐水温度等措施协同控制冻胀,车站底板最大竖向位移为25.41 mm;数值模拟所得车站底板抬升规律与实测数据基本一致,有效指导了工程施工。

排烟口朝向与挡烟垂壁对地铁站台排烟效果的影响

为提高地铁站台的排烟效果,采用数值模拟方法,对地铁站不同排烟口朝向的机械排烟系统排烟效果进行分析,并进一步对比挡烟垂壁高度对排烟效果影响。研究结果表明:排烟口朝向不是影响烟气控制效果的主要因素,顶面排烟的排烟效果最佳,其总排热量是底面排烟的1.32倍,总排烟量是底面排烟的1.19倍;并通过分析3种排烟系统吸入烟气的方式和温度解释排烟效果产生差异的原因;增设挡烟垂壁可起到良好的控烟效果,当挡烟垂壁下沿高度分别降低至3.5,3.0,2.5 m时,顶面排烟,侧面排烟和底面排烟能够将烟气控制在起火防烟分区;挡烟垂壁与机械排烟系统具有协同作用,设置挡烟垂壁可以有效改善排烟效果,因此建议采用排烟管道顶面开口的排烟方式,并可通过设置一定高度的挡烟垂壁提高现有排烟系统的排烟效果。研究结果可为地铁站台排烟系统设计提供参考与借鉴。

结合型式对地铁车站上盖物业的振动响应影响

为研究地铁振动对不同结合类型地铁车站及其上方的动力反应影响,基于地铁车站与上盖物业连接型式的主要承载区别,提出“软结合”“硬结合Ⅰ”“硬结合Ⅱ”3种结合型式;然后,采用车-轨耦合模型得到列车荷载谱,利用有限差分软件FLAC^(3D)建立地铁车站-上盖物业数值仿真模型,并与实测数据进行对比,验证数值仿真模型与参数的正确性;最后,基于数值仿真,从时域、频域出发,研究3种结合型式下上盖物业的振动响应.研究结果表明:软结合型式下站厅层到上盖物业一层加速度峰值减小69.10%,硬结合Ⅰ型减小2.08%,硬结合Ⅱ型增大2.94%,硬结合型式下上盖物业振动加速度较软结合型式大;3种结合型式下上盖物业振动的频率主要在40~90 Hz,且对于上盖物业同一楼层,振动随距振源距离的增大而逐渐减小;软结合型式下上盖物业一层加速度级最大值为68.2 dB,较站厅层减小11.3 dB;硬结合Ⅰ型、硬结合Ⅱ型的上盖物业加速度级最大值分别为83.4、79.4 dB;地铁振动造成上盖物业附加第一主应力很小,且在向上传播过程中衰减很快;从站厅层到上盖物业,软结合型式第一主应力衰减85.81%,硬结合Ⅰ、Ⅱ型式分别衰减63.46%、72.27%,间隔土对附加应力有明显衰减作用.在地铁实际建设工程中建议选用软结合型式.

严寒地区地铁车站活塞效应与机械通风耦合作用下混合通风研究

以严寒地区呼和浩特市的地铁一号线东影路典型岛式站为研究对象,采用计算流体力学软件Fluent,模拟车站机械通风系统和活塞效应耦合作用下活塞通风特性随时间变化的规律和车站整体通风情况。结果表明:车站机械通风系统对站厅层活塞通风量的影响均要强于站台层,机械通风系统开启不会对车站瞬时活塞通风量的变化产生明显影响,但会随着活塞通风量减小而影响增大。轨道排热系统对列车进站及停站过程中送入站厅的活塞风量有明显限制作用,也可增加列车离站时由人员出入口引入站厅的新风量。严寒地区地铁车站通风系统运行时,在春夏秋季节可以充分利用列车离站活塞效应引入新风来改善车站内的空气品质。