Nano transdermal system combining mitochondria-targeting cerium oxide nanoparticles with all-trans retinoic acid for psoriasis

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that is intricately linked to oxidative stress.Antioxidation and inhibition of abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes are pivotal strategies for psoriasis.Delivering drugs with these effects to the site of skin lesions is a challenge that needs to be solved.Herein,we reported a nanotransdermal delivery system composed of all-trans retinoic acid(TRA),triphenylphosphine(TPP)-modified cerium oxide(CeO2)nanoparticles,flexible nanoliposomes and gels(TCeO_(2)-TRA-FNL-Gel).The results revealed that TCeO_(2)synthesized by the anti-micelle method,with a size of approximately 5 nm,possessed excellent mitochondrial targeting ability and valence conversion capability related to scavenging reactive oxygen species(ROS).TCeO_(2)-TRA-FNL prepared by the film dispersion method,with a size of approximately 70 nm,showed high drug encapsulation efficiency(>96%).TCeO_(2)-TRA-FNL-Gel further showed sustained drug release behaviors,great transdermal permeation ability,and greater skin retention than the free TRA.The results of in vitro EGF-induced and H2O2-induced models suggested that TCeO_(2)-TRA-FNL effectively reduced the level of inflammation and alleviated oxidative stress in HaCat cells.The results of in vivo imiquimod(IMQ)-induced model indicated that TCeO_(2)-TRA-FNL-Gel could greatly alleviate the psoriasis symptoms.In summary,the transdermal drug delivery system designed in this study has shown excellent therapeutic effects on psoriasis and is prospective for the safe and accurate therapy of psoriasis.

Cerium-tannic acid passivation treatment on galvanized steel

A novel cerium-tannic acid passivation treatment was performed on galvanized steel. The corrosion resistance of cerium-tannic passivated samples was tested by dropping test with 0.5 wt.% CuSO4 aqueous solution. The mass loss per unit area of passivated samples was measured after the corrosion in 0.5 mol/L NaCl ＋ 0.005 mol/L H2SO4 at room temperature for 96 h. The electrochemical behaviors of cerium, tannic acid, and cerium-tannic acid passivated samples on galvanized steel in 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution were investigated by polarization curves and electrochemical impendence spectra. The corrosion equivalent circuit was established according to the impedance characteristics. The results show that cerium-tannic acid treated samples exhibit better corrosion resistance than the sole cerium or tannic acid treated samples under the same condition. The mechanism of synergistic effect for cerium-tannic acid passivation on galvanized steel was discussed.

Synergistic extraction of cerium from sulfuric acid medium using mixture of 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono 2-ethylhexyl ester and Di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phosphoric acid as extractant

Synergistic extraction of cerium（IV） from sulfuric acid medium using mixture of 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono 2-ethylhexyl ester（HEH/EHP, HL） and Di-（2-ethyl hexyl） phosphoric acid（HDEHP, HA） as extractant was investigated.The results indicated that the maximum synergistic enhancement coefficients were obtained at the mole fraction of HEH/EHP=0.6, and cerium（IV） was extracted into organic phase in the form of Ce（SO4）0.5HL2A2.A cation exchange mechanism was proposed for the synergistic extraction of Ce（IV）.The equilibrium constants and thermodynamic functions such as △G, △H, and △S were determined in the extraction of Ce（IV） from sulfuric medium using mixture of HEH/EHP and HDEHP.

Effects of acetic acid on microstructure and electrochemical properties of nano cerium oxide films coated on AA7020-T6 aluminum alloy

Nano cerium oxide films were applied on AA7020-T6 aluminum alloy and the effects of acetic acid concentration on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the coated samples were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and potentiodynamic polarization methods. It has been found that by increasing the acetic acid/CeCl3·7H2O molar ratio, high uniform and crack-free films with well-developed grains were obtained and grain sizes of the films decreased. Elimination of cracks and decreasing grain size of the nano cerium oxide films caused corrosion resistance to increase.

Effect of Cerium on Seed Germination under Acid Rain Stress

Effect of Ce on barley seed germination under acid rain stress was studied. The experiment results show that the seed germination percentage, germination viability, dry weight of seedling and chlorophyll content decrease with increasing pH value, but root membrane permeability increases with decreasing acid rain pH value. Ce can reduce the acid rain stress when barley seed is soaked with Ce. It indicates that Ce mitigates the germination by acid rain inhibition of seed.

Anodising of 2024-T3 aluminium alloy in electrolyte of sulphuric-boric-phosphoric mixed acid containing cerium salt as corrosion inhibitor

The effect of cerium salt as an inhibitor in anodising of the2024-T3aluminium alloy was studied.Scanning electronmicroscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to study the surface composition of the alloy before andafter surface preparation.A mixed electrolyte of10%sulphuric acid,5%boric acid and2%phosphoric acid containing0.1mol/Lcerium sulphate salt was used as the anodising electrolyte.Sealing treatment was also done in boiling water and molten stearic acid.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and salt spray techniques were performed in order to investigate the corrosion behaviourand durability of the oxide films,respectively.It was concluded that the presence of cerium ions in anodising electrolyte resulted inthe increase in homogeneity,the rate of oxide film growth and also the thickness of the oxide layer,owing to the high oxidisingpower of cerium ion.

Corrosion protection of AZ91D magnesium alloy by a cerium-molybdenum coating-The effect of citric acid as an additive

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy,a coating was formed by a potentiostatic technique from a solutions containing Ce(NO_(3))_(3),Na_(2)MoO_(4)and citric acid(H_(3)Cit).The degree of corrosion protection achieved was evaluated in simulated physiological solution by monitoring the open circuit potential,polarization techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Surface analysis techniques(SEM,EDS,X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS))were used for coating characterization.The film is mainly composed by cerium and molybdenum oxides and magnesium oxides and hydroxides.The obtained results show that the corrosion resistance of the coated electrodes has been increased significantly.This improvement in the anticorrosive performance is in part due to the corrosion inhibition properties of H_(3)Cit.

Effects of Lanthanum and Cerium on Acid Phosphatase Activities in Two Soils

To evaluate the security of using thulium, comparision between effects of La and those of Ce on acidic phosphatase activities in red soil and yellow soil in Zhejiang district was studied under conditions of ambient temperature and humidity. Results show that the acid phosphatase from different soil respondes to La and Ce differently. The activity of acid phosphatase in soil 1 declines with the increase of the concentration of La and Ce. The maximum inhibitory ratio of La and Ce reaches 69.8% and 71.0% respectively. But La and Ce have stimulative effect on the activity of acid phosphatase in soil 2. Under the effect of same concentration of the thulium, the acid phosphatase in two soils increases with the extending of culture time.

Formation of a cerium conversion coating on magnesium alloy using ascorbic acid as additive.Characterisation and anticorrosive properties of the formed films

Cerium-based conversion coatings were formed on AZ91D magnesium alloy by immersion of the substrate in solutions containing Ce(NO_(3))_(3),H_(2)O_(2) and ascorbic acid(HAsc).The characterisation of the films was performed by electrochemical and surface analysis techniques such as SEM,EDS,X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The degree of corrosion protection achieved was evaluated in simulated physiological solution by the open circuit potential monitoring,polarisation techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The presence of HAsc in the conversion solution causes changes in the morphology,adherence and anticorrosive performance of the films.The improvement in the corrosion resistance is closely associated with the corrosion inhibition properties of HAsc.

Extraction of cerium(Ⅳ) using tributyl phosphate impregnated resin from nitric acid medium

Tributyl phosphate （TBP） solvent was used for impregnation into Amberlite XAD-16 nonionic polymeric resin beads using the wet method to prepare solvent impregnated resin （SIR）. Undiluted TBP in a ratio to the resin support （volume to mass） of 6.0 at room temperature （RT） in 24 h was impregnated the resin with a mass ratio of 1.944, while the prepared gross sample of SIR at the ratio of solvent to resin of 3.0 was impregnated with a mass ratio of 1.88. Cerium（Ⅳ） oxide concentrate, prepared from crude Egyptian monazite sand, containing 37% cerium, 1.6% thorium and about 40% the other trivalent rare earth oxides, was used to prepare cerium（Ⅳ） nitrate solution for extraction using the prepared SIR. The impregnated resin was satisfactory for Ce（Ⅳ） extraction from nitric acid medium at room temperature. Cerium loading capacity of the impregnated resin reached 95.6% of the calculated theoretical capacity （173 g/kg （Ce/SIR）） under the conditions of 51.57 g/L cerium and 2.48 g/L thorium, 5.0 mol/L free nitric acid, solution to resin ratio of 10.0 and contacting the phases for 5.0 min. The loading capacity reached 98.75% when cerium concentration was increased to 91.43 g/L under the same conditions.

The Oxidative Decarboxylation of Nitrilotriacetic Acid (NTA)——A Study of the Reaction of NTA with Cerium(Ⅳ) in HCIO_4

The reaction between Ce (IV ) and NTA was investigated titrimetrically and spectrophotometrically. Two equivalents of Ce( IV ) are reduced per mole of NTA almost instantaneously at room temperature. With increasing reaction time an ultimate of about 7 equivalents of Ce( IV) is consumed per mole of NTA at room temperature. Carbon dioxide, formaldehyde and dimethylamine are the major and readily detectable products of oxidation of NTA by Ce( IV ). The rates of the reaction in HClO4 were measured spectrophotometricaUy using the stopped flow technique. The effects of both acidity of the medium and added salts support and extend preliminary results.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of a Cerium(Ⅳ) Complex with Chelidamic Acid

A new cerium complex, （C7H8）[Ce（C7H3NO5）2（H2O）3]·2H2O or （C7Hs）[Ce（HChel）2· （H2O）3]·2H2O （1, H3Chel = 4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic （chelidamic） acid）, has been prepared by the hydrothermal reaction, and its crystal structure was determined based on single-crystal diffraction data. Compound I crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 12.4267（9）, b = 10.8195（7）, c = 19.5650（13）A, β = 92.898（3）°, V = 2627.2（3） A^3, Dc = 1.733 g/cm^3, Z = 4, Mr = 685.55, μ = 1.809 mm^-1, λ（MoKa） = 0.71073A and F（000） = 1372. The final R = 0.0455 and wR = 0.1984 for 5983 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）, and R = 0.0490 and wR = 0.2053 for all data. Complex 1 contains one cerium ion, two chelidamic acid ligands, three coordinated water molecules, one discrete toluene molecule, and two discrete water molecules. The Ce（IV） ion is nine-coordinate with the coordination polyhedron made up of four oxygen atoms and two nitrogen atoms from two tridentate chelating chelidamic acid ligands, and three coordinated water molecules. A three-dimensional network is formed by the H-bonds. Moreover, optical properties are investigated and the results show that this complex has sharp optical absorption at 221,396 and 571 nm but no marked fluorescent emission.

Effects of Lanthanum and Cerium on Seeds Fatty Acid Composition in Soybean

Soybean Dongnong 42 from northeast of China was used as an experimental material.The samples were tested by spraying different concentrations of LaCl3,CeCl3 and LaCl3+CeCl3 solutions on the leaves at the seedling stage and the early flowering stage of the soybeans.Gas chromatography was used to determine the fatty acid content and ratio of the soybean seeds at the maturity stage.The fatty acid ratio of soybean seeds were evaluated by calculating saturated fatty acid(SFA),monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA),polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA),unsaturated fatty acids(UFA),UFA/SFA,index unsaturated fatty acid(IUFA)and double bond index(DBI).(MUFA+PUFA)/SFA was used to study the effects of rare earths on the quality of soybean seeds.The results showed that spraying the rare earth solution could significantly optimize the fatty acid distribution ratio of soybean seeds.Compared with the control group(CK),stearic acid was reduced by 5%and linolenic acid was reduced by 3.72%.Except for La10,the oleic acid content increased significantly by 2.22%.Under the treatment of 30 mg·L^(−1) CeCl3,UFA,UFA/SFA and DBI were 83.56,5.08 and 9.47,respectively,which were the highest in each group.Under the treatment of 150 mg·L^(−1) LaCl3,(MUFA+PUFA)/SFA was 4.89,the closest meal to the recommended ratio.The above results showed that spraying appropriate concentrations of rare earth at the seedling stage and the early flowering stage could optimize the fatty acid ratio of soybean seeds and improve dietary fatty acid ratios.

2-氨基烟酸镧铈对PVC热稳定性的影响

以2-氨基烟酸(2-ANA)、Ce(NO_(3))_(3)、La(NO_(3))_(3)和NaOH为原料,合成出2-氨基烟酸镧铈(2-LCANA),研究2-LCANA及其复配稳定剂对聚氯乙烯(PVC)热稳定性能、流变性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,2-LCANA及其复配稳定剂提高了PVC的热稳定性能,当m(2-LCANA)∶m(ZnSt_(2))∶m(PE)=2∶1∶2时,其热稳定时间为38 min,可以减小在加工过程中的损耗,增强PVC的力学性能,但是随着温度升高2-LCANA要比m(2-LCANA)∶m(ZnSt_(2))∶m(PE)=2∶1∶2的复配稳定剂抑制PVC降解反应发生更有效。2-LCANA能够吸收PVC降解释放的HCl气体,生成LaCl_(3)和CeCl_(3),减弱了HCl对PVC降解的催化作用,可以有效地阻止PVC链上C-Cl和与氯相连的C-H断裂,减少共轭双键的生成,减缓PVC变色,延缓了PVC的热降解。

磷酸改性CeO_(2)纳米棒负载Pt催化剂催化丙烷燃烧性能的研究

机动车和石油化工等污染源排放造成的环境污染日益严重,其中以丙烷为代表的低碳烷烃结构稳定,难以实现低温完全氧化,亟需开发高效低碳烷烃低温催化氧化催化剂。以氧化铈纳米棒为载体,通过酸改性合成不同量磷酸改性的1%Pt/CeO_(2)-y POx催化剂,发现磷酸改性之后丙烷催化燃烧T_(50)降低了60℃。通过XRD、TEM、EDS mapping等表征发现Pt和P均匀分布在氧化铈表面,且在磷酸改性和Pt负载过程后,氧化铈结构保持稳定。XPS和原位CO-DRIFTs表征结果表明磷酸改性之后,Pt在催化剂表面颗粒大小随磷酸改性程度增加而逐渐变大,并存在最优的Pt^(2+)和Pt^(4+)比,有利于丙烷在催化剂表面吸附和反应。H_(2)-TPR和NH_(3)-TPD表征结果表明,磷酸改性之后,催化剂表面产生了大量的酸性位,而磷酸改性并未大幅降低催化剂的氧化还原能力,从而提高了铈基催化剂的丙烷燃烧活性。

基于抗坏血酸调控氧化铈纳米酶催化活性的抗坏血酸氧化酶检测研究

纳米酶是一类既有纳米材料的独特性能又有催化功能的模拟酶,它既有天然酶的高催化活性,又有模拟酶稳定经济的特点,在生物传感检测领域的应用十分广泛。本研究采用水热法合成具有辣根过氧化物酶样活性的氧化铈纳米酶。该纳米氧化铈同时具有+4价和+3价两种形态,其中Ce^(4+)能与过氧化氢反应,使3,3’,5,5’-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)氧化,溶液显蓝色。由于抗坏血酸(AA)能还原Ce^(4+),抑制其催化活性以及TMB的氧化,从而使溶液的颜色较浅。而抗坏血酸氧化酶可催化氧化AA,阻碍了其对Ce^(4+)的还原,使纳米氧化铈的催化性能恢复。利用这种方法,实现对抗坏血酸氧化酶的定量检测,在12 U/L~400 U/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(R^(2)=0.9704),检测限为3.2 U/L。该研究为基于氧化铈纳米酶的比色方法在抗坏血酸氧化酶活性检测及相关应用提供基础。

废抛光粉中综合回收Ce、La研究

以湖南某企业废抛光粉为研究对象,采用硫酸焙烧-水浸-草酸沉淀-煅烧工艺从废铈抛光粉中回收铈镧,并制备成低级抛光粉。结果表明,在硫酸焙烧温度300℃、浓硫酸用量(mL/g)3∶5、焙烧时间2 h;水浸温度25℃、水浸液固比(mL/g)20∶1、水浸时间2 h;草酸沉淀温度25℃、草酸用量为理论值1倍、沉淀时间1 h;焙烧温度850℃、焙烧时间2 h的条件下,可获得Ce、La品位分别为65.56%和24.12%的稀土氧化物,达到低级Ce稀土抛光粉标准。

硝酸铈与脱落酸处理对紫花苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响

为研究稀土铈(Ce)与外源脱落酸(ABA)处理对紫花苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响,采用浓度分别为5、10、20μmol·L^(-1)的硝酸铈、ABA及硝酸铈和ABA(1∶1)的混合溶液处理苜蓿种子进行发芽试验,探究其对种子的萌发、生长,幼苗的叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量等指标的影响。结果表明:5~10μmol·L^(-1)硝酸铈处理刺激了紫花苜蓿种子的萌发,并增大了根粗(5~20μmol·L^(-1));而ABA(5~20μmol·L^(-1))抑制了种子萌发和幼苗生长,且与硝酸铈混合处理解除了硝酸铈对根粗的膨大作用。硝酸铈可以缓解ABA对叶绿素含量的降低,并降低幼苗叶抗氧化酶活性,而Ce与ABA混合处理可显著提高紫花苜蓿幼苗的抗氧化酶活性。因此,硝酸铈处理对紫花苜蓿萌发及生长有一定的积极作用;硝酸铈与ABA混合处理时,ABA在调节紫花苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生长过程以及生理特性中发挥主导作用,硝酸铈+ABA处理的幼苗高抗氧化活性,表明幼苗受到胁迫。研究结果为稀土铈和ABA对紫花苜蓿萌发期的影响提供了参考。

Study on graft copolymerization of chitosan with AA （acrylic acid） and flocculating ability of the product

Graft copolymerization is one of the most attractive methods to modify natural polymers. In this study, graft copolymerization of acylic acid onto chitosan in aqueous media by ceric ammonium nitrate was investigated. The graft copolymerization reaction was carried out in a three necked flask maintained at 70＋/-0.05 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere in a homogeneous aqueous phase （containing a small potion of acetic acid） by using ceric ammonium nitrate as an initiator. Evidence of grafting was obtained. The synthetic conditions were systematically optimized through studying the influential factors on grafting. The effectiveness of each individual factor was investigated by calculating and monitoring the variations of the grafting parameters [like monomer conversation Cm, grafting efficiency （Ge） and viscosity]. Under optimum conditions monomer conversion of 100.5% and graft efficiency of 94% were obtained, at temperature of 70℃. Flocculating ability of the copolymerization product of chitosan was studied by using Kaolin suspension as the flocculating object. And the application of the product was applied in Huayue dyeing plant. The results indicate that the higher the viscosity is, the better the flocculating ability of the copolymerization product of chitosan will be. The flocculating percentage reaches 96.0%, when the concentration of the product is only 1.0 mg/L and pH fixed at 7.0. Suitable separating mixtures for the grafted copolymer were chosen and the investigation of flocculation ability of the grafted copolymer was carried out with the aim of developing a good flocculant for wastewater treatment. A test of treating dyeing wastewater with the grafted copolymer was carried out and showed that grafting of Acrylic Acid with chitosan has a high COD removal rate 75% to the dyeing wastewater when the concentration is only 6.0 mg/L.