Medicinal leeches have been utilized in therapy for thousands of years. However, the adaptation physiology between leeches and hosts is not fully understand. To disclose the molecular mechanisms of adaptation between ...Medicinal leeches have been utilized in therapy for thousands of years. However, the adaptation physiology between leeches and hosts is not fully understand. To disclose the molecular mechanisms of adaptation between leech and host, the body transcriptomes of hunger and fed blood-sucking Poecilobdella javanica, Haemadipsa cavatuses, and Hirudo nipponia leeches were obtained by RNA sequencing, after comparison, a stratified unigenes group was obtained, which closely correlated to body distension. In the group, Rfamide receptor decreased significantly (P < 0.05) while serotonin receptor increased significantly (P < 0.05). Moreover, four KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways, including cardiac muscle contraction, complement and coagulation cascades, renin-angiotensin system, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were significantly enriched. The unigenes annotation, neuroregulators correlation analysis and induced function of the KEGG pathways, were consistently supported the same result as: vasoconstriction and systole reaction enhance in hunger leeches and vice versa vasodilation and diastole increase in fed leeches, meanwhile, Interspecific comparison and correlative analyses of physiological function showed that the strongest reaction of induced heart failure from four KEGG occur in strongest reaction of systole in hungry P. javanica and in strongest reaction of diastole in fed H. nipponia. Overall, heart failure is likely a physiological function involved in feeding behaviour.展开更多
Main Objective: To determine the prevalence of thumb sucking habits amongst children at the KNUST Basic School. Methodology: This study was quantitative and descriptive with the design being a cross-sectional type. Th...Main Objective: To determine the prevalence of thumb sucking habits amongst children at the KNUST Basic School. Methodology: This study was quantitative and descriptive with the design being a cross-sectional type. The data was obtained from KNUST Basic School with a sample size of 200. Data was obtained through questionnaires and clinical examination. Results: Out of the 200 children studied, 19 (9.5%) were identified as thumb suckers, with a majority being females (13, 68.42%) and the rest being males (6, 31.58%). Most of the thumb suckers (47.37%) engaged in the habit due to hunger. The clinical manifestations observed among the thumb suckers included Class I malocclusion (94.7%), high arched palate (89.5%), anterior open bite (4), increased overjet (3, 15.8%), proclined maxillary incisors (4, 22.2%), linguoversion of mandibular incisors (1, 5.6%), unilateral posterior crossbite (2, 10.5%), speech changes (7, 41.2%), thinner thumb (7, 36.8%), elongated thumb (9, 47.4%), and callus formation on the thumb (2, 10.5%). Conclusion: Thumb sucking is a common oral habit which stimulates the growth of the orofacial complex from ages 0 to 3 years. The habit of thumb sucking is usually outgrown by age 3 but beyond this age, it turns out as a deleterious habit which has to be seen as such and measures put in place to stop thumb sucking.展开更多
目的探讨口腔吸吮训练对改善母乳喂养中婴儿吸吮不良的有效性,为提高母乳喂养率提供有效手段。方法抽取2021年9月—2022年4月首次就诊于江苏省南京市妇幼保健院儿童保健科母乳喂养咨询门诊的264例吸吮不良的婴儿为研究对象,随机分为实...目的探讨口腔吸吮训练对改善母乳喂养中婴儿吸吮不良的有效性,为提高母乳喂养率提供有效手段。方法抽取2021年9月—2022年4月首次就诊于江苏省南京市妇幼保健院儿童保健科母乳喂养咨询门诊的264例吸吮不良的婴儿为研究对象,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各132例。对照组接受常规的一次性母乳喂养指导,实验组在接受常规母乳喂养指导的基础上进一步接受口腔吸吮训练,包括双侧脸颊肌肉训练、牙床按摩、非营养性吸吮训练及舌头跟随训练,训练结束后评估两组在母乳喂养技能评估量表(Latch/Audible/Type of nipple/Comfort/Hold positioning,LATCH)的得分、纯母乳喂养比例以及体格生长方面的差异。结果干预后两组的LATCH量表评分均有显著提高,且实验组的LATCH量表评分显著高于对照组(t=14.54,P<0.05);与干预前相比,干预后两组的纯母乳喂养比例均有所提高,且实验组纯母乳喂养比例显著高于对照组(χ^(2)=3.952,P<0.05);干预后两组的身长、体重均有所增长,且实验组的身长、体重增长幅度大于对照组(t身长=2.511,t体重=16.971,均P<0.05)。结论口腔吸吮训练可有效改善母乳喂养情况,提升母乳喂养率,促进婴儿体格生长,是婴儿母乳喂养吸吮不良的有效干预手段。展开更多
文摘Medicinal leeches have been utilized in therapy for thousands of years. However, the adaptation physiology between leeches and hosts is not fully understand. To disclose the molecular mechanisms of adaptation between leech and host, the body transcriptomes of hunger and fed blood-sucking Poecilobdella javanica, Haemadipsa cavatuses, and Hirudo nipponia leeches were obtained by RNA sequencing, after comparison, a stratified unigenes group was obtained, which closely correlated to body distension. In the group, Rfamide receptor decreased significantly (P < 0.05) while serotonin receptor increased significantly (P < 0.05). Moreover, four KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways, including cardiac muscle contraction, complement and coagulation cascades, renin-angiotensin system, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were significantly enriched. The unigenes annotation, neuroregulators correlation analysis and induced function of the KEGG pathways, were consistently supported the same result as: vasoconstriction and systole reaction enhance in hunger leeches and vice versa vasodilation and diastole increase in fed leeches, meanwhile, Interspecific comparison and correlative analyses of physiological function showed that the strongest reaction of induced heart failure from four KEGG occur in strongest reaction of systole in hungry P. javanica and in strongest reaction of diastole in fed H. nipponia. Overall, heart failure is likely a physiological function involved in feeding behaviour.
文摘Main Objective: To determine the prevalence of thumb sucking habits amongst children at the KNUST Basic School. Methodology: This study was quantitative and descriptive with the design being a cross-sectional type. The data was obtained from KNUST Basic School with a sample size of 200. Data was obtained through questionnaires and clinical examination. Results: Out of the 200 children studied, 19 (9.5%) were identified as thumb suckers, with a majority being females (13, 68.42%) and the rest being males (6, 31.58%). Most of the thumb suckers (47.37%) engaged in the habit due to hunger. The clinical manifestations observed among the thumb suckers included Class I malocclusion (94.7%), high arched palate (89.5%), anterior open bite (4), increased overjet (3, 15.8%), proclined maxillary incisors (4, 22.2%), linguoversion of mandibular incisors (1, 5.6%), unilateral posterior crossbite (2, 10.5%), speech changes (7, 41.2%), thinner thumb (7, 36.8%), elongated thumb (9, 47.4%), and callus formation on the thumb (2, 10.5%). Conclusion: Thumb sucking is a common oral habit which stimulates the growth of the orofacial complex from ages 0 to 3 years. The habit of thumb sucking is usually outgrown by age 3 but beyond this age, it turns out as a deleterious habit which has to be seen as such and measures put in place to stop thumb sucking.
文摘目的探讨口腔吸吮训练对改善母乳喂养中婴儿吸吮不良的有效性,为提高母乳喂养率提供有效手段。方法抽取2021年9月—2022年4月首次就诊于江苏省南京市妇幼保健院儿童保健科母乳喂养咨询门诊的264例吸吮不良的婴儿为研究对象,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各132例。对照组接受常规的一次性母乳喂养指导,实验组在接受常规母乳喂养指导的基础上进一步接受口腔吸吮训练,包括双侧脸颊肌肉训练、牙床按摩、非营养性吸吮训练及舌头跟随训练,训练结束后评估两组在母乳喂养技能评估量表(Latch/Audible/Type of nipple/Comfort/Hold positioning,LATCH)的得分、纯母乳喂养比例以及体格生长方面的差异。结果干预后两组的LATCH量表评分均有显著提高,且实验组的LATCH量表评分显著高于对照组(t=14.54,P<0.05);与干预前相比,干预后两组的纯母乳喂养比例均有所提高,且实验组纯母乳喂养比例显著高于对照组(χ^(2)=3.952,P<0.05);干预后两组的身长、体重均有所增长,且实验组的身长、体重增长幅度大于对照组(t身长=2.511,t体重=16.971,均P<0.05)。结论口腔吸吮训练可有效改善母乳喂养情况,提升母乳喂养率,促进婴儿体格生长,是婴儿母乳喂养吸吮不良的有效干预手段。
