Obesity is linked to poorer cognitive performance, both of which may result from eating high-fat foods during development. In the present study, pre-and periadolescent (postnatal days 21 to 40) male rats were fed high...Obesity is linked to poorer cognitive performance, both of which may result from eating high-fat foods during development. In the present study, pre-and periadolescent (postnatal days 21 to 40) male rats were fed high fat (HF), high sugar (HS), or rodent chow (Chow) diets. After conditioning for 16 days with either Cheetos? (high-fat) or Froot Loops? (high-sugar) unconditioned stimuli (US) on one side of a conditioned place preference (CPP) apparatus, rats were tested on postnatal day 61 for a place preference. Chow rats preferred the US-paired side, but HF rats showed no preference. HS rats preferred the side paired with Cheetos? but not with Froot Loops?. In spite of these deficits, object recognition, a nonassociative learning task, was not impaired. These results show mixed support for the specificity hypothesis, which predicts that CPP deficits will be nutrient-specific. The results show for the first time that eating a HS diet leads to a nutrient-specific CPP deficit (for HS foods), whereas eating a HF diet leads to a general CPP deficit (for HS and HF foods).展开更多
Background: The modern dietary habit, which is rich in refined carbohydrates and saturated fats, increases the risk of chronic diseases due to the proinflammatory effect of these nutrients. Aim: To evaluate the impact...Background: The modern dietary habit, which is rich in refined carbohydrates and saturated fats, increases the risk of chronic diseases due to the proinflammatory effect of these nutrients. Aim: To evaluate the impact of high sugar-fat diet in the development of metabolic-inflammatory disorders in non-obese animals. Methods: Male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups according to the diet: control and high sugar-fat for 30 weeks. It was analyzed: dietary efficiency;chow, water and caloric intake;metabolic and hormonal profile in plasma and inflammatory cytokines in epididymal adipose tissue. Data were compared by Student’s t test or by Mann-Whitney U test with p Results: HSF presented lower chow intake, higher water consumption and dietary efficiency with no difference in the caloric intake. The final body weight (FBW) and weight gain (WG) were lower in the HSF group and there was no difference in the adiposity index (AI). HSF diet-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia with no difference for Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Triglycerides, uric acid, adiponectin and leptin levels were higher in the HSF group. The HSF group showed increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in epidydimal adipose tissue. The urinary protein-creatinine ratio and albuminuria were higher in the HSF group. Conclusion: HSF diet intake is directly involved in the development of metabolic-inflammatory disorders independent of obesity, dissociating the view that increased adiposity is the major risk factor for complications commonly found in obese individuals.展开更多
AIM To study the effects of different diets on intestinal microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) development at the same caloric intake.METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five...AIM To study the effects of different diets on intestinal microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) development at the same caloric intake.METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups(six rats each). The control diet(CON) group and free high-fat diet(FFAT) group were allowed ad libitum access to a normal chow diet and a highfat diet, respectively. The restrictive high-fat diet(RFAT) group, restrictive high-sugar diet(RSUG) group, and high-protein diet(PRO) group were fed a highfat diet, a high-sugar diet, and a high-protein diet, respectively, in an isocaloric way. All rats were killed at 12 wk. Body weight, visceral fat index(visceral fat/body weight), liver index(liver/body weight), insulin resistance, portal lipopolysaccharide(LPS), serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and liver triglycerides were measured. The intestinal microbiota in the different groups of rats was sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology.RESULTS The FFAT group had higher body weight, visceral fat index, liver index, peripheral insulin resistance, portal LPS, serum ALT, serum AST, and liver triglycerides compared with all other groups(P < 0.05). Taking the same calories, the RFAT and RSUG groups demonstrated increased body weight, visceral fat index, peripheral insulin resistance and liver triglycerides compared with the PRO group(P < 0.05). The RFAT group also showed increased portal LPS compared with the PRO group(P < 0.05). Unweighted Uni Frac principal coordinates analysis of the sequencing data revealed that the intestinal microbiota structures of the CON, FFAT, RSUG and PRO groups were roughly separated away from each other. Taxon-based analysis showed that, compared with the CON group, the FFAT group had an increased abundance of Firmicutes, Roseburia and Oscillospira bacteria, a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and a decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides bacteria(P < 0.05). The RFAT group showed an increased abundance of Firmicutes and decreased abundance of Parabacteroides bacteria(P < 0.05). The RSUG group showed an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and Sutterella bacteria, higher ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and a decreased abundance of Firmicutes(P < 0.05). The PRO group showed an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, Oscillospira and Sutterella bacteria, and a decreased abundance of Firmicutes(P < 0.05). Compared with the FFAT group, the RFAT group had an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, higher ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and decreased abundance of Firmicutes and Oscillospira bacteria(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with the high-protein diet, the NAFLDinducing effects of high-fat and high-sugar diets are independent from calories, and may be associated with changed intestinal microbiota.展开更多
目的通过两样本孟德尔随机化(MR)探讨饮食成分相对摄入量(即碳水化合物、添加糖、蛋白质和脂肪)与肾结石(KSD)之间的因果关系,为KSD的预防提供参考。方法检索整理全基因组关联研究(GWAS)统计数据,暴露组数据来自社会科学遗传协会联合会...目的通过两样本孟德尔随机化(MR)探讨饮食成分相对摄入量(即碳水化合物、添加糖、蛋白质和脂肪)与肾结石(KSD)之间的因果关系,为KSD的预防提供参考。方法检索整理全基因组关联研究(GWAS)统计数据,暴露组数据来自社会科学遗传协会联合会的基因组研究,KSD数据选自Finn Gen生物样本库。使用逆方差加权法(IVW)作为两样本MR分析的主要方法,采用MR-Egger、加权中位数法、MR-多效性残差和离群值(MR-PRESSO)检验、Cochran s Q检验、“留一法”分析和Steiger滤波作为MR结果和敏感性分析的补充。结果IVW结果显示碳水化合物相对摄入量(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.02~3.96,P=0.042)、添加糖相对摄入量(OR=2.07,95%CI:1.00~4.29,P=0.049)与KSD之间存在因果关系,是其发生发展的危险因素。未发现蛋白质相对摄入量(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.38~1.29,P=0.249)和脂肪相对摄入量(OR=0.79,95%CI:0.27~2.35,P=0.671)与KSD存在关联。敏感性分析显示上述结果无异质性和多效性(P>0.05)。结论碳水化合物相对摄入量与添加糖相对摄入量可能是KSD的危险因素,提示控制碳水化合物与添加糖的摄入可预防KSD的发生。展开更多
目的系统评价高强度间歇训练(HIIT)相比中等强度持续训练(MICT)对高脂/高糖膳食餐后各时间段血管内皮功能紊乱的改善效果。方法检索Pubmed、Web of Science、CNKI和万方数据库中运动干预对高脂/高糖膳食血管内皮功能(FMD)影响的相关文献...目的系统评价高强度间歇训练(HIIT)相比中等强度持续训练(MICT)对高脂/高糖膳食餐后各时间段血管内皮功能紊乱的改善效果。方法检索Pubmed、Web of Science、CNKI和万方数据库中运动干预对高脂/高糖膳食血管内皮功能(FMD)影响的相关文献,检索时限均为建库至2024年5月。由2位研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价文献质量后,采用Review Manager 5.4和STATA 17软件进行数据分析。结果共纳入文献8篇,样本量共计107人。分析结果显示:与对照组相比,运动组的血管直径舒张能力显著高于对照组(WMD=-0.31,95%CI:-0.50~-0.12)。在4个时间段当中,运动干预对FMD的调节在餐后3 h最具有显著性差异(WMD=-0.31,95%CI:-0.50~-0.12),对高糖餐后FMD的改善效果不具显著性(WMD=-0.32,95%CI:-0.54~-0.10)。结论运动能有效调节高脂/高糖餐后FMD,且MICT的调节作用优于HIIT,但运动对高糖饮食引起的血管内皮功能紊乱的改善效果并不显著。展开更多
目的:探讨情绪释放疗法(EFT)联合低血糖指数膳食对糖尿病(DM)患者心理弹性和血糖的影响。方法:选取2022年1月—2023年1月接收的DM患者80例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。两组均进行常规护理,基于此,对照组进行低血糖...目的:探讨情绪释放疗法(EFT)联合低血糖指数膳食对糖尿病(DM)患者心理弹性和血糖的影响。方法:选取2022年1月—2023年1月接收的DM患者80例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。两组均进行常规护理,基于此,对照组进行低血糖指数膳食护理,观察组进行EFT联合低血糖指数膳食护理,干预2周。于干预前、干预2周后比较两组血糖指标[空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)]、心理状况[焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)]及心理弹性[心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)]。结果:干预2周后,两组FBG和2 h PG水平均下降,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组SAS和SDS评分均下降,CD-RISC评分升高,且观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:EFT联合低血糖指数膳食能够降低DM患者血糖水平,缓解负性情绪,提高心理弹性。展开更多
目的比较高糖饮食和普通饲料喂养对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法选取16只C57BL/6J小鼠,经适应喂养1周后,随机分为正常组和高糖组,于第5周末,对小鼠粪便菌群16S r RNA的V1-V3区进行扩增,Miseq高通量测序平台测定其基因序列,与silva数据库中...目的比较高糖饮食和普通饲料喂养对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法选取16只C57BL/6J小鼠,经适应喂养1周后,随机分为正常组和高糖组,于第5周末,对小鼠粪便菌群16S r RNA的V1-V3区进行扩增,Miseq高通量测序平台测定其基因序列,与silva数据库中微生物基因序列进行比对、分类。结果研究发现:尽管差异性不显著,高糖饮食组小鼠体重和血糖值较正常饮食小鼠有明显升高;正常饮食小鼠粪便菌群多样性高于高糖饮食的小鼠;高糖组粪便中含有大量的Firmicutes(厚壁菌门),较正常组显著升高;高糖组Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)数量显著低于正常组;在属的水平上,正常组和高糖组粪便菌群中含量最高的是Allobaculum,其含量无显著差异;而两组在Lactobacillus和S24-7_norank的含量上存在着显著差异。结论饮食类型对肠道菌群有着显著的影响,因而可通过调整饮食结构改善肠道菌群。展开更多
文摘Obesity is linked to poorer cognitive performance, both of which may result from eating high-fat foods during development. In the present study, pre-and periadolescent (postnatal days 21 to 40) male rats were fed high fat (HF), high sugar (HS), or rodent chow (Chow) diets. After conditioning for 16 days with either Cheetos? (high-fat) or Froot Loops? (high-sugar) unconditioned stimuli (US) on one side of a conditioned place preference (CPP) apparatus, rats were tested on postnatal day 61 for a place preference. Chow rats preferred the US-paired side, but HF rats showed no preference. HS rats preferred the side paired with Cheetos? but not with Froot Loops?. In spite of these deficits, object recognition, a nonassociative learning task, was not impaired. These results show mixed support for the specificity hypothesis, which predicts that CPP deficits will be nutrient-specific. The results show for the first time that eating a HS diet leads to a nutrient-specific CPP deficit (for HS foods), whereas eating a HF diet leads to a general CPP deficit (for HS and HF foods).
文摘Background: The modern dietary habit, which is rich in refined carbohydrates and saturated fats, increases the risk of chronic diseases due to the proinflammatory effect of these nutrients. Aim: To evaluate the impact of high sugar-fat diet in the development of metabolic-inflammatory disorders in non-obese animals. Methods: Male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups according to the diet: control and high sugar-fat for 30 weeks. It was analyzed: dietary efficiency;chow, water and caloric intake;metabolic and hormonal profile in plasma and inflammatory cytokines in epididymal adipose tissue. Data were compared by Student’s t test or by Mann-Whitney U test with p Results: HSF presented lower chow intake, higher water consumption and dietary efficiency with no difference in the caloric intake. The final body weight (FBW) and weight gain (WG) were lower in the HSF group and there was no difference in the adiposity index (AI). HSF diet-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia with no difference for Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Triglycerides, uric acid, adiponectin and leptin levels were higher in the HSF group. The HSF group showed increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in epidydimal adipose tissue. The urinary protein-creatinine ratio and albuminuria were higher in the HSF group. Conclusion: HSF diet intake is directly involved in the development of metabolic-inflammatory disorders independent of obesity, dissociating the view that increased adiposity is the major risk factor for complications commonly found in obese individuals.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81300270
文摘AIM To study the effects of different diets on intestinal microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) development at the same caloric intake.METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups(six rats each). The control diet(CON) group and free high-fat diet(FFAT) group were allowed ad libitum access to a normal chow diet and a highfat diet, respectively. The restrictive high-fat diet(RFAT) group, restrictive high-sugar diet(RSUG) group, and high-protein diet(PRO) group were fed a highfat diet, a high-sugar diet, and a high-protein diet, respectively, in an isocaloric way. All rats were killed at 12 wk. Body weight, visceral fat index(visceral fat/body weight), liver index(liver/body weight), insulin resistance, portal lipopolysaccharide(LPS), serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and liver triglycerides were measured. The intestinal microbiota in the different groups of rats was sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology.RESULTS The FFAT group had higher body weight, visceral fat index, liver index, peripheral insulin resistance, portal LPS, serum ALT, serum AST, and liver triglycerides compared with all other groups(P < 0.05). Taking the same calories, the RFAT and RSUG groups demonstrated increased body weight, visceral fat index, peripheral insulin resistance and liver triglycerides compared with the PRO group(P < 0.05). The RFAT group also showed increased portal LPS compared with the PRO group(P < 0.05). Unweighted Uni Frac principal coordinates analysis of the sequencing data revealed that the intestinal microbiota structures of the CON, FFAT, RSUG and PRO groups were roughly separated away from each other. Taxon-based analysis showed that, compared with the CON group, the FFAT group had an increased abundance of Firmicutes, Roseburia and Oscillospira bacteria, a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and a decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides bacteria(P < 0.05). The RFAT group showed an increased abundance of Firmicutes and decreased abundance of Parabacteroides bacteria(P < 0.05). The RSUG group showed an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and Sutterella bacteria, higher ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and a decreased abundance of Firmicutes(P < 0.05). The PRO group showed an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, Oscillospira and Sutterella bacteria, and a decreased abundance of Firmicutes(P < 0.05). Compared with the FFAT group, the RFAT group had an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, higher ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and decreased abundance of Firmicutes and Oscillospira bacteria(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with the high-protein diet, the NAFLDinducing effects of high-fat and high-sugar diets are independent from calories, and may be associated with changed intestinal microbiota.
文摘目的通过两样本孟德尔随机化(MR)探讨饮食成分相对摄入量(即碳水化合物、添加糖、蛋白质和脂肪)与肾结石(KSD)之间的因果关系,为KSD的预防提供参考。方法检索整理全基因组关联研究(GWAS)统计数据,暴露组数据来自社会科学遗传协会联合会的基因组研究,KSD数据选自Finn Gen生物样本库。使用逆方差加权法(IVW)作为两样本MR分析的主要方法,采用MR-Egger、加权中位数法、MR-多效性残差和离群值(MR-PRESSO)检验、Cochran s Q检验、“留一法”分析和Steiger滤波作为MR结果和敏感性分析的补充。结果IVW结果显示碳水化合物相对摄入量(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.02~3.96,P=0.042)、添加糖相对摄入量(OR=2.07,95%CI:1.00~4.29,P=0.049)与KSD之间存在因果关系,是其发生发展的危险因素。未发现蛋白质相对摄入量(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.38~1.29,P=0.249)和脂肪相对摄入量(OR=0.79,95%CI:0.27~2.35,P=0.671)与KSD存在关联。敏感性分析显示上述结果无异质性和多效性(P>0.05)。结论碳水化合物相对摄入量与添加糖相对摄入量可能是KSD的危险因素,提示控制碳水化合物与添加糖的摄入可预防KSD的发生。
文摘目的:探讨情绪释放疗法(EFT)联合低血糖指数膳食对糖尿病(DM)患者心理弹性和血糖的影响。方法:选取2022年1月—2023年1月接收的DM患者80例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。两组均进行常规护理,基于此,对照组进行低血糖指数膳食护理,观察组进行EFT联合低血糖指数膳食护理,干预2周。于干预前、干预2周后比较两组血糖指标[空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)]、心理状况[焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)]及心理弹性[心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)]。结果:干预2周后,两组FBG和2 h PG水平均下降,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组SAS和SDS评分均下降,CD-RISC评分升高,且观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:EFT联合低血糖指数膳食能够降低DM患者血糖水平,缓解负性情绪,提高心理弹性。
文摘目的比较高糖饮食和普通饲料喂养对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法选取16只C57BL/6J小鼠,经适应喂养1周后,随机分为正常组和高糖组,于第5周末,对小鼠粪便菌群16S r RNA的V1-V3区进行扩增,Miseq高通量测序平台测定其基因序列,与silva数据库中微生物基因序列进行比对、分类。结果研究发现:尽管差异性不显著,高糖饮食组小鼠体重和血糖值较正常饮食小鼠有明显升高;正常饮食小鼠粪便菌群多样性高于高糖饮食的小鼠;高糖组粪便中含有大量的Firmicutes(厚壁菌门),较正常组显著升高;高糖组Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)数量显著低于正常组;在属的水平上,正常组和高糖组粪便菌群中含量最高的是Allobaculum,其含量无显著差异;而两组在Lactobacillus和S24-7_norank的含量上存在着显著差异。结论饮食类型对肠道菌群有着显著的影响,因而可通过调整饮食结构改善肠道菌群。
