Study on the Effect of Shuanghuanglian Powder Needle Combined with Cefoperazone and Sulbactam Sodium on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Vitro

Objective: To explore the antibacterial activity of combined use of Shuanghuanglian and cefoperazone sulbactam sodium on resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: The Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains which were sensitive and resistant to cefoperazone sulbactam sodium were selected to prepare different test bacterial solutions respectively;The experimental liquid of Shuanghuanglian and Cefoperazone Sulbactam Sodium were prepared separately and set as different test groups and control groups;The Drug Sensitivity Tests of Shuanghuanglian and cefoperazone sulbactam sodium at different concentration gradients which were used alone or used in combination were carried out for different strains with sensitivity and resistance, And use standard entry as a reference control. Result: The results of drug sensitivity test of Shuanghuanglian combined with Cefoperazone-Sulbactam sodium against the resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared with the results of drug sensitivity test of the two separately used, and the difference was statistically significant (P 〈 0.05) [The drug sensitivity test results of Shuanghuanglian and cefoperazone sulbactam sodium to Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant strains were statistically significant compared with the drug sensitivity test results of Shuanghuanglian and Cefoperazone Sulbactam Sodium used separately (P 〈 0.05)];There was a dependence between strains and concentration in the effect of the combination of the two drugs. Conclusion: The combination of Shuanghuanglian and cefoperazone sulbactam sodium has synergistic antibacterial or bactericidal effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant strains. .

Construction of universal quantitative models for the determination of cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium for injection from different manufacturers using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

To develop near-infrared （NIR） reflectance spectroscopic methods for the quantitative analysis of cefoperazone sodium/ sulbactam sodium from different manufacturers for injection powder medicaments. Various powders of cefoperazone sodium/ sulbactam sodium were directly analyzed by non-destructive NIR reflectance spectroscopy using the spectrometer EQUINOX55. Two quantitative methods via integrating sphere （IS） and fiberoptic probe （FOP） models were explored from 6 batches of commercial samples and 42 batches of laboratory samples at a content ranging from 30% to 70% for cefoperazone and 60% to 20% for sulbactam. The root mean square errors of cross validation （RMSECV） and the root mean square errors of prediction （RMSEP） of IS were 1.79% and 2.85%, respectively, for cefoperazone sodium, and were 1.86% and 3.08%, respectively, for sulbactam sodium; and those of FOP were 2.93% and 2.92%, respectively, for cefoperazone sodium, and were 2.23% and 3.01%, respectively, for sulbactam sodium. Based on the ICH guidelines and Ref. 12, the quantitative models were then evaluated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and model transferability. The non-destructive quantitative NIR methods used in this study are applicable for rapid analysis of injectable powdered drugs from different manufacturers.

In vitro activity of moxifloxacin and piperacillin/sulbactam against pathogens of acute cholangitis

AIM：To analyze the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin and piperacillin/sulbactam against pathogens isolated from patients with acute cholangitis. METHODS： In this prospective study a total of 65 patients with acute cholangitis due to biliary stone obstruction （n = 7）, benign biliary stricture （n = 16）, and malignant biliary stricture （n = 42） were investigated with regard to spectrum of bacterial infection and antibiotic resistance. Pathogens were isolated from bile cultures in all study patients. In 22 febrile patients, blood cultures were also obtained. In vitro activity of moxifloxacin and piperacillin/ sulbactam was determined by agar diffusion. RESULTS： Thirty-one out of 65 patients had positive bile and/or blood cultures. In 31 patients, 63 isolates with 17 different species were identified. The predominant strains were Enterococcus species （26/63）, Ecoli （13/63） and Klebsiella species （8/63）. A comparable in vitro activity of moxifloxacin and piperacillin/sulbactam was observed for E.coli and Klebsiella species. In contrast, Enterococcus species had higher resistances towards moxifloxacin. Overall bacteria showed antibiotic resistances in vitro of 34.9% for piperacillin/sulbactam and 36.5% for moxifioxacin.CONCLUSION： Enterococcus species, E.co/i and Klebsiella species were the most common bacteria isolated from bile and/or blood from patients with acute cholangitis. Overall, a mixed infection with several species was observed, and bacteria showed a comparable in vitro activity for piperacillin/sulbactam and moxifloxacin.

Cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium vs piperacillin sodium/tazobactam sodium for treatment of respiratory tract infection in elderly patients

BACKGROUND Respiratory tract infections in the elderly are difficult to cure and can easily recur,thereby posing a great threat to patient prognosis and quality of life.AIM To investigate the therapeutic effects of different antibiotics in elderly patients with respiratory tract infection.METHODS Seventy-four elderly patients with respiratory tract infection were randomly allocated to a study(n=37;treated with cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium)or control(n=37;treated with piperacillin sodium/tazobactam sodium on the basis of routine symptomatic support)group.Both groups were treated for 7 d.Time to symptom relief(leukocyte recovery;body temperature recovery;cough and sputum disappearance;and rale disappearance time),treatment effect,and laboratory indexes[procalcitonin(PCT),C-reactive protein(CRP),white blood cell count(WBC),and neutrophil percentage(NE)]before and 7 d after treatment and the incidence of adverse reactions were assessed.RESULTS In the study group,the time to WBC normalization(6.79±2.09 d),time to body temperature normalization(4.15±1.08 d),time to disappearance of cough and sputum(6.19±1.56 d),and time to disappearance of rales(6.68±1.43 d)were shorter than those of the control group(8.89±2.32 d,5.81±1.33 d,8.77±2.11 d,and 8.69±2.12 d,respectively;P=0.000).Total effective rate was higher in the study group(94.59%vs 75.68%,P=0.022).Serum PCT(12.89±3.96μg/L),CRP(19.62±6.44 mg/L),WBC(20.61±6.38×10^(9)/L),and NE(86.14±7.21%)levels of the study group before treatment were similar to those of the control group(14.05±4.11μg/L,18.79±5.96 mg/L,21.21±5.59×10^(9)/L,and 84.39±6.95%,respectively)with no significant differences(P=0.220,0.567,0.668,and 0.291,respectively).After 7 d of treatment,serum PCT,CRP,WBC,and NE levels in the two groups were lower than those before treatment.Serum PCT(2.01±0.56μg/L),CRP(3.11±1.02 mg/L),WBC(5.10±1.83×10^(9)/L),and NE(56.35±7.17%)levels were lower in the study group than in the control group(3.29±0.64μg/L,5.67±1.23 mg/L,8.13±3.01×10^(9)/L,and 64.22±8.08%,respectively;P=0.000).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the groups(7.50%vs 12.50%,P=0.708).CONCLUSION Piperacillin sodium/tazobactam sodium is superior to cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium in the treatment of elderly patients with respiratory tract infection with a similar safety profile.

Sclerotherapy with Leuprolide and Cefoperazone Sulbactam in the Management of Ovarian Endometriomas under Ultrasound Guidance: A Novel Approach

Endometriosis is an estrogen dependent gynecological disorder, which can occur throughout the reproductive age of women, causing chronic pelvic pain, substantial morbidity, and impaired fertility. It is clinically defined as the presence of ectopic endometrium resulting in sustained inflammatory reaction. In India, about 29,000,000 women suffer from endometriosis. Severe pelvic pain and recurrent endometriomas were observed even after surgery. We have conducted aspirations totally in 110 patients in which most of the patients were suffering from Stage III & Stage IV of endometriosis except for 7 patients for whom we have done as primary therapy for endometriomas. Among 110 patients, 4 patients didn’t turn up for follow up after first aspiration. This pilot study conducted with 110 patients in Ponni Hospital and Fertility Research Centre, Madurai aimed to evaluate pregnancy outcome in 51 infertile patients, and to alleviate pelvic pain, to restore a healthy sexual life and to reduce the recurrence rate of Ovarian Endometriomas (OE) in 59 patients, who did not seek fertility, After using the newer sclerosing agent Leuprolide with Cefoperazone Sulbactam (LCS) under ultrasound guidance. This prospective pilot study resulted in a highly significant achievement in pregnancy where 41 patients conceived out of 51 patients (80.39%) only 6 are in ongoing treatment. Those who didn’t seek fertility were 59 of which 43 have completed family 13 have one child and 3 unmarried girls. 96.61% were relieved of pain and recurrence and restored healthy sexual life, 2 are in ongoing treatment. We have not encountered any adverse effects during this treatment.

The Study of Effect of Commercial Baicalin Combined with Cefoperazone Sulbactam Sodium on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Vitro

Objective: To investigate the antibacterial effect of baicalin combined with cefoperazone-sulbactam sodium on drug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Method: Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains that are sensitive and resistant to cefoperazone-sulbactam sodium were selected to prepare different test bacterial solutions respectively;The test solutions of baicalin and cefoperazone sulbactam sodium were prepared respectively, and different test groups and control groups were set up;The drug sensitivity tests of different concentration gradients of baicalin and cefoperazone sulbactam sodium used alone and in combination were carried out for different sensitive and drug-resistant strains, and the standard strains were used as parallel control. Result: The drug susceptibility test results of the combined use of baicalin and cefoperazone-sulbactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug-resistant strains were compared with the drug susceptibility results of the two used separately, and the difference was statistically significant (P Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

阿奇霉素联合头孢哌酮舒巴坦治疗小儿细菌性肺炎的效果分析

目的:分析阿奇霉素联合头孢哌酮舒巴坦治疗小儿细菌性肺炎的效果。方法:选取2017年2月—2023年2月北京丰台医院收治的66例细菌性肺炎患儿作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各33例。两组均给予常规治疗,对照组在常规治疗基础上给予头孢哌酮舒巴坦治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予阿奇霉素治疗。比较两组症状体征持续时间、胸部CT病灶持续时间、住院时间、D-二聚体(D-D)水平和炎性因子水平。结果:观察组发热持续时间、喘息持续时间、咳嗽持续时间、肺部啰音持续时间、胸部CT病灶持续时间及住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。治疗前,两组D-D、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组D-D、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:阿奇霉素联合头孢哌酮舒巴坦治疗小儿细菌性肺炎的效果较好,可加速缓解症状,减轻炎性反应,促进康复。

头孢哌酮/舒巴坦致血小板减少列线图预测模型的建立与验证

目的探讨头孢哌酮/舒巴坦致成人住院患者血小板减少的预测因子,建立列线图预测模型并进行验证。方法回顾性收集西安市中心医院2021年6月30日至2023年6月30日使用头孢哌酮/舒巴坦治疗的成人住院患者资料,按7∶3随机分为训练集和内部验证集。采用单因素/多因素Logistic回归分析筛选头孢哌酮/舒巴坦致血小板减少的独立预测因子,通过R4.0.3软件“RMS”包绘制列线图;采用受试者工作特征曲线及C-index值评估模型的预测效能;采用Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验评价模型的校正度。以相同标准,收集西安市第一医院同期使用头孢哌酮/舒巴坦治疗的成人住院患者的临床资料,对列线图预测模型进行外部验证。结果共纳入西安市中心医院患者1045例,其中头孢哌酮/舒巴坦致血小板减少患者67例,发生率为6.41%。排除假阳性患者后,最终纳入患者473例,其中训练集331例、内部验证集142例。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,患者年龄[OR=1.043,95%CI(1.017,1.070)]、估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)[OR=0.988,95%CI(0.977,0.998)]、基线血小板[OR=0.989,95%CI(0.982,0.996)]、营养风险[OR=3.863,95%CI(1.884,7.921)]和累计限定日剂量数(DDDs)[OR=1.082,95%CI(1.020,1.147)]是头孢哌酮/舒巴坦致血小板减少的独立预测因子(P<0.05)。训练集和内部验证集的C-index值分别为0.824[95%CI(0.759,0.890)]和0.828[95%CI(0.749,0.933)],Hosmer-Lemeshow检验的χ^(2)值分别为0.441、1.804(P值分别为0.802、0.406)。外部验证集中,C-index值为0.808[95%CI(0.672,0.945)],Hosmer-Lemeshow检验的χ^(2)值为0.899(P值为0.638)。结论患者年龄、基线血小板、eGFR、营养风险和累计DDDs是头孢哌酮/舒巴坦致血小板减少的独立预测因子;所建列线图预测模型具有良好的预测效能和外推性,有助于临床快速、准确地识别头孢哌酮/舒巴坦致血小板减少的潜在风险。

头孢哌酮舒巴坦联合吸入布地奈德对细菌性肺炎的治疗效果及对患者炎症因子表达的影响

目的探究头孢哌酮舒巴坦联合布地奈德吸入治疗细菌性肺炎效果。方法选择2021年12月至2023年6月在郑州市第二人民医院治疗的细菌性肺炎患者82例,应用随机数表法将其分为对照组(头孢哌酮舒巴坦)及观察组(头孢哌酮舒巴坦联合布地奈德吸入)各41例,对比两组临床疗效、症状消失时间、血气指标(血氧分压、氧合指数、血氧饱和度)、炎症因子[白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)]、不良反应。结果观察组治疗有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组发热、咳嗽、肺啰音消失时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组血氧分压、氧合指数、血氧饱和度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组IL-6、TNF-α、CRP低于对照组、IL-10高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论细菌性肺炎患者接受头孢哌酮舒巴坦联合布地奈德吸入治疗,能够抑制炎症反应,改善血气指标,促进康复,且安全性较高。

头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠致凝血功能异常的危险因素分析

目的 探讨头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠致凝血功能异常的危险因素分析。方法 收集经第三代头孢菌素抗生素(头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠)治疗的100例患者为研究对象。根据患者是否出现凝血功能异常分为异常组(n=29)和正常组(n=71)。比较2组性别、年龄、体温、脉搏、治疗疗程、白细胞计数(white cell count,WBC)、白蛋白、尿素氮、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、饮食情况、用药剂量、合并基础病等;通过多因素Logistic回归分析明确患者凝血功能异常的危险因素;通过Person系数分析WBC、白蛋白、尿素氮、CRP与凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(activated partial prothrombin time,APTT)的相关性。结果 2组性别、年龄、体温、脉搏、治疗疗程、TBIL、PCT、CRP、合并高血压、合并糖尿病比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);异常组白蛋白水平显著低于正常组,WBC、尿素氮、CRP水平、饮食<1 200 mL/d、用药剂量≥3 g/d占比均高于正常组(P<0.05);经ROC分析证实WBC、白蛋白、尿素氮、CPR水平均可用于头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠在抗感染过程中凝血功能异常的预测,曲线下面积分别为0.913、0.829、0.920、0.847(P<0.05);经多因素Logistic回归分析证实,饮食<1 200 mL/d、用药剂量≥3 g/d、WBC>11.385×10~9/L、白蛋白<28.815 g/L、尿素氮>14.199μmol/L、CRP>17.629 mg/L是凝血功能异常的危险因素(P<0.05);相关性分析显示,WBC、尿素氮、CPR水平与PT、APTT均呈正相关,白蛋白与PT、APTT呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠在抗感染过程中致凝血功能异常受到诸多因素影响,如较高的WBC、尿素氮、CPR水平,较低的白蛋白水平,较高的用药剂量,较少的饮食等,WBC、尿素氮、CPR水平越高及白蛋白水平越低,患者凝血功能越差。

两种联合用药方案治疗耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌肺炎的效果及对炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨头孢哌酮舒巴坦分别联合莫西沙星、亚胺培南西司他丁治疗耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)肺炎的效果及对炎症反应的影响。方法:回顾性分析2022年1月至2023年6月于该院治疗的80例CRAB肺炎患者的资料,将2022年1—9月以方便抽样法抽取的40例患者设为A组,采用头孢哌酮舒巴坦联合莫西沙星治疗;将2022年10月至2023年6月以方便抽样法抽取的40例患者设为B组,采用头孢哌酮舒巴坦联合亚胺培南西司他丁治疗。比较两组患者的疗效、细菌清除效果、各项指标恢复时间、血清炎症指标及药品不良反应(ADR)发生情况。结果:B组患者的总有效率、细菌清除率分别为95.00%(38/40)、90.00%(36/40),明显高于A组的80.00%(32/40)、72.50%(29/40),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组患者胸部CT恢复正常时间、退热时间和白细胞计数恢复正常时间短于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗2周后,两组患者血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、降钙素原(PCT)及白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平低于治疗前,且B组患者TNF-α、PCT及IL-6水平低于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组患者ADR总发生率为12.50%(5/40),与A组的17.50%(7/40)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:头孢哌酮舒巴坦联合亚胺培南西司他丁治疗CRAB肺炎的效果优于头孢哌酮舒巴坦联合莫西沙星,可有效改善患者炎症状况,明显提高细菌清除效果,显著缩短体温、白细胞计数等指标恢复时间,且ADR较少。

哌拉西林他唑巴坦钠与头孢哌酮舒巴坦钠治疗老年重症肺炎的疗效研究

目的:探究哌拉西林他唑巴坦钠(PIP-TAZ)与头孢哌酮舒巴坦钠(CPZ-SBT)治疗老年重症肺炎(SP)的疗效与安全性。方法:纳入150例老年SP患者做为研究对象,所有患者均接受常规治疗及阿米卡星治疗,根据治疗药物不同将患者分为哌拉西林组和头孢哌酮组,每组各75例。哌拉西林组给予PIP-TAZ治疗;头孢哌酮组给予CPZ-SBT治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效,治疗前及治疗后两组患者血气指标、炎症因子水平、肺功能及不良反应发生情况。结果:哌拉西林组发热、咳嗽、肺啰音消失时间及痰液颜色改变时间均短于头孢哌酮组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者血氧分压(PaO_(2))、pH值水平均升高(P<0.05),二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))水平均降低(P<0.05),但两组间PaO_(2)、pH值、PaCO_(2)水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平均降低(P<0.05),且哌拉西林组低于头孢哌酮组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者最高呼气流速(PEF)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒最大呼吸容积(FEV1)水平均升高(P<0.05),且哌拉西林组高于头孢哌酮组(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:PIP-TAZ与CPZ-SBT均可有效治疗老年SP,但PIP-TAZ可有效缩短症状改善时间,缓解炎症反应及肺损伤效果更佳,且安全性较高。

舒巴坦治疗神经外科重症患者鲍曼不动杆菌感染中国专家共识

多重耐药或广泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染的神经外科重症患者治疗难度大、病死率高。舒巴坦是治疗多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染的有效药物,具有穿透炎性血脑屏障的优势,适用于神经外科重症患者。近年随着鲍曼不动杆菌对舒巴坦的耐药趋势日益严峻,舒巴坦治疗多重耐药或广泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染药物剂量、给药途径、联合方案等缺乏规范化标准。中国神经外科重症管理协作组通过梳理相关循证医学证据并经过反复讨论修改后形成《舒巴坦治疗神经外科重症患者鲍曼不动杆菌感染中国专家共识》,涵盖28条共识建议,为舒巴坦在神经外科重症管理中的应用提供科学、可行的临床指导。

替加环素联合头孢哌酮/舒巴坦钠治疗多重/泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌中枢神经系统感染有效性及安全性的Meta分析

目的 评价替加环素联合头孢哌酮/舒巴坦钠治疗多重/泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌(MDRAB/XDRAB)中枢系统感染的效果和安全性,为MDRAB/XDRAB中枢神经系统感染的抗菌药物治疗提供循证学依据。方法 计算机系统检索万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库、中国国家知识基础设施(CNKI)及Pubmed、Embase和Cochrane Library数据库,检索建库至2022年9月1日公开发表的有关替加环素及头孢哌酮/舒巴坦钠治疗MDRAB/XDRAB中枢神经系统感染的随机对照试验(RCT)文献。对纳入研究的文献使用Cochrane协作网偏倚风险评价工具进行质量评价,提取有效数据后采用RevMan5.4版软件进行Meta分析。结果 初筛文献184篇,最终纳入中文RCT研究4篇,样本量267例。Meta分析显示,联合疗法对MDRAB/XDRAB中枢神经系统感染的总疗效可能优于单药疗法[OR=4.30,95%CI=(1.93,9.58),P<0.01]。联合疗法对于细菌的清除有更好的效果[OR=4.20,95%CI=(2.08,8.48),P<0.01],且联合疗法产生的不良反应更少[OR=0.19,95%CI=(0.05,0.67),P<0.05]。联合疗法与单药疗法的治愈率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 替加环素联合头孢哌酮/舒巴坦钠治疗MDRAB/XDRAB中枢神经系统感染较单药治疗可能有更好的临床疗效和安全性,受限于纳入研究的数量及质量,尚待更多更高质量的研究予以验证。

临床药师参与头孢哌酮舒巴坦致酒精性肝硬化患者癫痫持续状态的药物治疗实践

1例酒精性肝硬化失代偿期患者使用头孢哌酮舒巴坦12 d后出现癫痫持续状态,临床药师对患者用药进行分析、评价,并查阅相关文献,考虑患者癫痫持续状态与头孢哌酮舒巴坦相关,建议停用,医生接受建议。患者停药后未再出现癫痫持续状态。临床药师持续监护患者病情变化,在其出现口腔颌面部间隙感染后,建议改用氨苄西林抗感染治疗,医生接收建议,患者经治疗后,颌面间隙感染得到控制,好转出院。本案例中临床药师参与该患者药物治疗过程,在减少药品不良反应、个体化治疗方案调整、特殊人群用药方案调整等方面起到关键作用,促进了患者临床安全合理用药。

头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(2:1)治疗革兰阴性菌血流感染给药方案评估:基于全国血流感染细菌耐药监测联盟的蒙特卡洛模拟研究

目的通过蒙特卡洛模拟评价头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(CSL,2:1)对不同肾功能患者革兰阴性菌血流感染给药方案的合理性。方法应用琼脂稀释法测定CSL对革兰阴性菌的最低抑制浓度(MIC),并通过蒙特卡洛模拟(MCS)计算不同肾功能患者CSL不同给药方案对不同敏感性细菌的达标概率(PTA)和累积反应分数(CFR),评估给药方案的合理性。结果CSL对血流感染来源肠杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的MIC_(90)分别为32/16、128/64和64/32 mg/L。对MIC>16 mg/L的肠杆菌,对不同肾功能患者即使CSL以4.5 g q6 h 15 min输注,获得的PTA仍低于90%,CFR最高为77.82%,对产ESBL肠杆菌血流感染CFR仍低于80%。对ESBL阴性肠杆菌感染患者,CLCR>60 mL/min时,CSL 3.0 g q6 h(说明书最大剂量)、3.0 g q8 h、4.5 g q6 h和4.5 g q8 h 4种给药方案获得的CFR分别为90.2%、83.15%、91.4%和87.09%;CLCR≤60 mL/min时,所有给药方案均可使CFR大于80%。对鲍曼不动杆菌感染患者,当CLCR>60 mL/min,CSL各给药方案所获CFR均低于40%;CLCR为31~60 mL/min,CSL 4.5 g q6 h给药获得CFR为85.27%;CLCR为10~30 mL/min,3.0 g q6 h、4.5 g q6 h和4.5 g q8 h获得的CFR分别为88.05%、91.86%和82.61%;CLCR<10 mL/min时(非透析患者),各给药方案所获得CFR均大于80%。对铜绿假单胞菌感染患者,当患者CLCR在10~30或≤10 mL/min时,CSL以4.5 g q6h给药所获得的CFR分别为80.09%和81.68%。结论CSL治疗革兰阴性菌血流感染时,需要根据细菌敏感性和患者肾功能等情况制定个体化给药方案,目前推荐的给药方案可能存在剂量不足情况。针对鲍曼不动杆菌敏感性折点可能需要进一步调整。

老年危重症患者使用注射用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠后发生肾功能亢进的危险因素分析

目的:探讨老年危重症患者使用注射用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠后发生肾功能亢进(ARC)的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2018—2022年该院收治的286例老年患者的住院信息,根据患者是否发生ARC将其分为ARC组97例、对照组189例。采用Logistic回归分析筛查ARC发生相关因素,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析危险因素对ARC的预测作用。结果:(1)研究对象的ARC发生率为33.92%,ARC组患者年龄、白细胞计数、尿素氮水平、肌酐水平和SOFA评分显著低于对照组,嗜酸性细胞数、肌酐清除率、肾小球滤过率、颅脑外伤史病例数、并发症数量、发生全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)病例数显著高于对照组,重症监护室(ICU)治疗时间显著长于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)ARC组患者中位稳态谷浓度显著低于对照组(5.36μmol/mL vs.14.12μmol/mL),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.182,P<0.05);ARC组患者的治疗有效率显著低于对照组[38.14%(37/97)vs.56.08%(106/189)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.662,P<0.05)。(3)Logistic回归分析结果显示,颅脑外伤史、并发症数量、SOFA评分、SIRS占比与ARC发生呈正相关,年龄与ARC发生呈负相关。(4)ROC曲线结果显示,使用年龄、颅脑外伤史和SOFA评分的预测效果较好。结论:低龄、有颅脑外伤史和SOFA评分较低的老年危重症患使用注射用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠后更容易发生ARC,该类患者在治疗过程中应综合评估ARC发生风险,对治疗方案及时调整。

宣壅清肺汤治疗老年重症肺炎临床观察

目的观察宣壅清肺汤治疗老年重症肺炎的临床效果。方法2021年1月—2022年1月医院收治的老年重症肺炎患者120例随机分为抗生素治疗组(60例)和联合宣壅清肺治疗组(60例)。联合宣壅清肺治疗组采用常规治疗联合宣壅清肺汤治疗,抗生素治疗组进行常规治疗,两组均治疗2周。统计两组治疗2周后的疗效,比较两组治疗前和治疗2周后中医证候积分、血清炎性因子水平、肺功能、血气指标及病情情况。结果治疗2周后,联合宣壅清肺治疗组总有效率为93.33%(56/60),高于抗生素治疗组[80.00%(48/60),P<0.05]。治疗2周后与治疗前比较,两组咳嗽、发热、痰黄或黏稠带血、气喘息粗、胸闷烦躁、口干渴评分及血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1,sICAM-1)、干扰素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)、血小板活化因子(platelet activating factor,PAF)、高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group protein B1,HMGB1)水平、二氧化碳分压(carbon dioxide partial pressure,PaCO_(2))、急性生理学及慢性健康状况(scores of acute physiology and chronic health status,APACHEⅡ)、全身炎症反应综合征(systemic inflammatory response syndrome,SIRS)、临床肺部感染(clinical pulmonary infection,CPIS)、肺炎严重指数(pneumonia severity index,PSI)评分降低,联合宣壅清肺治疗组低于抗生素治疗组(P<0.05);两组第1秒用力呼气容积(first second forced expiratory volume,FEV1)、用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、氧分压(oxygen partial pressure,PaO_(2))升高,联合宣壅清肺治疗组高于抗生素治疗组(P<0.05)。结论宣壅清肺汤可改善老年重症肺炎患者中医证候,通过降低机体炎症反应提高其肺功能及血气指标,疗效较好。

临床药师参与的颅脑外伤合并碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺部感染的诊治体会并文献复习

目的分析颅脑外伤合并碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺部感染患者的诊治过程,为该类患者的抗感染治疗提供参考。方法临床药师通过参与颅脑外伤合并碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺部感染病例的治疗,结合相关文献,整理循证思路并总结该类感染的抗菌药物治疗选择及药学监护要点。结果临床药师通过分析患者的症状体征及用药经过,判断痰培养的碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌可能为致病菌,采用大剂量的头孢哌酮/舒巴坦联合替加环素进行目标治疗,患者各项炎症指标好转,临床症状缓解,且未监测到相关不良反应。结论临床药师在具备扎实的PK/PD药学知识外,还应具备一定的临床思维及微生物学知识,以判断分离菌是定植或感染,提高治疗的针对性。对于碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌所致肺部感染,在药敏结果的指导下,综合患者病理生理特点、PK/PD特点优化药物治疗方案,采用头孢哌酮/舒巴坦联合替加环素治疗,加大头孢哌酮/舒巴坦及替加环素剂量,延长舒巴坦输注时间等措施提高治疗疗效,并制定密切的药学监护计划以进一步提高治疗疗效,保障患者用药安全。

替加环素对多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺炎患者血清炎性因子水平的影响

目的探讨替加环素辅助治疗多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌(AB)肺炎患者的临床效果。方法112例多重耐药AB肺炎患者随机分为两组,对照组给予头孢哌酮舒巴坦治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予替加环素治疗,比较两组的治疗效果。结果治疗后,观察组的总有效率、细菌清除率均高于对照组,WBC、CRP、PCT水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组的不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论替加环素辅助治疗多重耐药AB肺炎患者可提高疗效,减轻机体炎性反应,提高细菌清除率。