Effect of Sulfate-reducing Bacteria on Corrosion Behavior of Mild Steel in Sea Mud

Microbiologically influenced corrosion （MIC） is very severe corrosion for constructions buried under sea mud environment. Therefore it is of great importance to carry out the investigation of the corrosion behavior of marine steel in sea mud. In this paper, the effect of sulfate-reducing bacteria （SRB） on corrosion behavior of mild steel in sea mud was studied by weight loss, dual-compartment cell, electronic probe microanalysis （EPMA）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） combined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis （EDX） and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. The results showed that corrosion rate and galvanic current were influenced by the metabolic activity of SRB. In the environment of sea mud containing SRB, the original corrosion products, ferric （oxyhydr） oxide, transformed to iron sulfide. With the excess of the dissolved H2S, the composition of the protective layer formed of FeS transformed to FeS2 or other non-stoichiometric polysulphide, which changed the state of the former layer and accelerated the corrosion process.

Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel in Sulfate-reducing and Iron-oxidizing Bacteria Solutions

Corrosion and electrochemical behavior of 316L stainless steel was investigated in the presence of aerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria IOB and anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria SRB isolated from cooling water systems in an oil refinery using electrochemical measurement, scanning electron microscopy SEM and energy dispersive atom X-ray analysisEDAX. The results show the corrosion potential and pitting potential of 316L stainless steel decrease distinctly in the presence of bacteria, in comparison with those observed in sterile medium under the same exposure time. SEM morphologies have shown that 316L stainless steel reveals no signs of pitting attack in the sterile medium. However, micrometer-scale corrosion pits were observed on 316L stainless steel sur- face in the presence of bacteria. The presence of SRB leads to higher corrosion rates than IOB. The interactions between the stainless steel surface, abiotic corrosion products, and bacterial cells and their metabolic products in- creased the corrosion damage degree of the passive film and accelerated pitting propagation.

Synthesis of Chlorinated Bicyclic Adduct as Biocids for Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

Synthesis of bicyclic systems containing chlorine atoms, and/or ether groups in aromatic rings can be con- sidered as an important method for building bicyclic system and production of new adducts. One of the most important types in the cycloaddition reaction is the Diels-Alder reaction (1,4 cycloaddition). In the present investigation a new ether of allylic type (dienophile) p-allyl bromo phenol was prepared and its structure was confirmed by molecular weight determination, refractive index, infrared spectra, and density. A new adduct was obtained by means of 1,4 cycloaddition reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HCP) and the new pre- pared dienophile. The reaction takes place without using solvent, catalysts, or elimination of any compound. The effect of variations in temperature, initial molar ratio and reaction duration were studied to determine the optimum conditions of the reaction. The optimum conditions reached were reaction temperature recorded 140?C, initial molar ratio diene: dienophile was 3:1 and the reaction duration time reached 6 h. Under these optimum conditions the maximum yield was 78%. The new adduct revealed very high biological effect as sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB).

Treatment of simulated wastewater from in situ leaching uranium mining by zerovalent iron and sulfate reducing bacteria

Batch and column experiments were conducted to determine whether zerovalent iron (ZVI) and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) can function synergistically and accelerate pollutant removal. Batch experiments suggest that combining ZVI with SRB can enhance the removal of U(Ⅵ) synergistically. The removal rate of U(Ⅵ) in the ZVI+SRB combining system is obviously higher than the total rate of ZVI system and SRB system with a difference of 13.4% at t=2 h and 29.9% at t=4 h. Column experiments indicate that the reactor filled with both ZVI and SRB biofilms is of better performance than the SRB bioreactor in wastewater basification, desulfurization and U(Ⅵ) fixation. The results imply that the ZVI+SRB permeable reactive barrier may be a promising method for treating subsurface uranium contamination.

Model identification with BPNN on restrictive ecological factors of SRB for sulfate-reduction

The model of back-propagation neural network (BPNN) was presented to demonstrate the effect of restrictive ecological factors, COD/SO 4 2- ratio, pH value, alkalinity (ALK) and SO 4 2- loading rate (Ns), on sulfate reduction of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) in an acidogenic sulfate reducing reactor supplied with molasses as sole organic carbon source and sodium sulfate as electron acceptor. The compare of experimental results and computer simulation was also discussed. It was shown that the method of BPNN had a powerful ability to analyze the ecological characteristic of acidogenic sulfate reducing ecosystem quantitatively.

EFFECT OF SULPHATE-REDUCING BACTERIA ON ELECTRO CHEMICAL CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF 16Mn STEEL IN SEA MUD

The effect of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) on electrochemical corrosion behavior of 16Mn steel, and galvanic corrosion behavior of the steels in the juncture area between bacterial and bacteria free sea mud was studied in laboratory under simulated conditions. Sea mud dense with SRB was taken from the Qingdao beach. Part of the sea mud was sterilized and the rest was kept in the original condition. The sterilized and original sea mud was put respectively into two plastic testing troughs electrically connected by an agar potassium chloride salt bridge. Galvanic and non galvanic 16Mn steel samples were put into the trough at the same intervals. The SRB number measured by the MPN tri tube method was about 2.4×10 5 per 100 g mud and was kept basically the same during the experimental period. The ρ, pH, eH, T, S (salinity) were measured simultaneously. The galvanic current was measured with zero resistance galvanometer and the corrosion rate was measured with the weight loss method.The results showed that (1) the corrosion rate of 16Mn steel in bacterial sea mud was 4.0 times that in bacteria free sea mud; (2) galvanic corrosion occurs between steel samples buried in different (bacterial and bacteria free) sea mud. The steel sample in the bacterial sea mud was the anode of a galvanic couple and had higher corrosion rate than that of the non galvanic sample. The existence of the galvanic couple increased the corrosion rate of the sample in bacterial sea mud by 4.1%.

The Microbial Metabolic Characteristics in the Course of Sulfate-Reduction

Acid-producing phase reactor of two-phase anaerobic treatment process has remarkable advantages treating sulfate-laden wastewater. In order to investigate SRB population's capability of utilizing substrate and the microbial acidification type formed during the course of sulfate reduction, continuous-flow and batch tests were conducted in a continuous stirred tank bio-film reactor supplied with sodium sulfate as electron acceptor. The experimental results demonstrated that the acidification type formed b...

SRB-生物硫铁复合材料对废弃煤矿地下水的修复研究

酸性矿山废水(AMD)中含有高浓度的硫酸盐和金属离子,对矿山生态环境造成了严重的危害。硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)可以将SO_(4)^(2-)还原为S2-,沉淀金属离子,并生成生物硫铁,其处理效率较高。文章利用农业废弃物秸秆制备SRB的缓释碳源,考察了不同形式的碳源条件下SRB对酸性矿山废水特征污染组分的处理效果,并结合SRB原位生成的生物硫铁包覆颗粒,制备得到SRB-生物硫铁复合材料,通过批量实验和动态柱实验考查SRB-生物硫铁复合材料对高浓度模拟废水和实际矿井水的处理效果。结果显示:在pH为5.5时,将秸秆渣作为游离SRB的碳源是可行的,但与秸秆渣相比,秸秆生物炭的处理效率明显更高,将秸秆生物炭与乳酸钠结合制备的SRB碳源,激活SRB的时间更短,12 h内对SO_(4)^(2-)和Fe^(2+)的去除率分别达到了59.25%和79.56%。在此实验范围内,随着生物炭投加量的增大,去除效率逐渐提高,在pH为4.5~6.5的范围内,体系初始pH对SRB反应体系的处理效果影响不大。SRB-碳源与生物硫铁包覆颗粒结合后对高浓度的SO_(4)^(2-)和Fe^(2+)模拟废水能保持高效且持久的反应活性。动态柱实验表明SRB-生物炭-生物硫铁复合材料对酸性矿井水的特征污染指标有明显的修复效果,出水水质的大部分指标可满足地下水III类标准,运行15 d后仍能保持稳定的修复效果。

SO_4^(2-)对SRB颗粒污泥性能的影响

文章利用取自厌氧折流板反应器中的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)颗粒污泥,通过间歇试验,研究了不同质量浓度的SO42-对SRB颗粒污泥性能的影响。结果表明,当SO42-质量浓度为2000mg/L,COD与SO42-质量浓度的比值ω(COD)/ω(SO42-)=2时,SRB颗粒污泥的活性最高,此时系统比产甲烷活性(SMA)为406.2mL/g·d,SO42-的去除率达93.4%,Cu2+的去除效率高达97.1%,且Cu2+的去除率与SO42-的还原率呈正相关关系;而ω(COD)/ω(SO42-)=2～4时,COD去除率稳定在88.8%以上,最大去除率在ω(COD)/ω(SO42-)=2.7处。

D-氨基酸驱散生物膜的行为与作用机理研究

为了明确D-氨基酸增强杀菌剂的生物膜驱散效果及杀菌机理,采用不同D-氨基酸与传统杀菌剂三丁基正十四烷基氯化膦(TTPC)、四羟甲基硫酸磷(THPS)以及抗菌肽组成复配杀菌剂,通过失重实验、电化学测试、表面分析等手段研究了复配杀菌剂对碳钢表面上的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、铁氧化菌(IOB)、SRB+IOB混合菌的杀菌缓蚀效果,明确了D-氨基酸驱散生物膜的行为与作用机理。结果表明:SRB和IOB发生协同作用,在碳钢试样表面形成致密的生物膜,其不仅提供了适合SRB生长的厌氧环境,还对SRB起到一定的保护作用,导致SRB+IOB混合菌造成的腐蚀最为严重,而D-氨基酸释放出的生物膜分散信号因子可改变细菌细胞壁肽聚糖成分以及调节细胞基因表达方式,通过其与细菌蛋白质结合来抑制生物膜形成,并使已有生物膜主动从碳钢表面分散脱落,破坏SRB与IOB所构成的氧浓差环境,在很大程度上抑制了因细菌所产生的胞外聚合物(EPS)导致的金属腐蚀加剧,进而使得杀菌剂能更好地杀灭生物膜下的细菌,对混合菌生物膜中SRB和IOB的杀菌率分别高达100%、82.60%,表明D-氨基酸通过驱散生物膜行为对杀菌剂起到了很好的杀菌增强效果。

产酸-硫酸盐还原系统中产酸菌的发酵类型及其与SRB的协同作用

通过间歇实验和连续流试验 ,探讨了利用产酸相处理硫酸盐有机废水时产酸菌 (AB)的主要发酵类型、硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)对底物的利用规律以及系统中这两大菌群间的协同关系 .间歇实验结果表明 ,AB的液相末端产物中乙醇占 3 5 6 %、乙酸占 3 7 7% ,同时有氢气产生 ,属于乙醇型发酵类型 .SRB容易利用的底物为氢气、乙醇和乳酸 ,不易利用乙酸、丙酸和丁酸 .SRB将乙醇转化为乙酸 ,而乙酸极少被继续转化 ,导致反应器内出现乙酸积累现象 .连续流试验结果表明 ,系统中硫酸根还原效果与产酸菌和硫酸盐还原菌的协同作用状态密切相关 :当产酸菌和硫酸盐还原菌处于较好的协同作用状态时 ,系统对硫酸根的转化率较高 ;

SRB-HX-7型硫酸盐还原菌快速测试瓶的研制

在原SRB-HX-14型硫酸盐还原菌测试瓶的基础上,对培养基配方和生产工艺进行了优化调节,研制了SRB-HX-7型硫酸盐还原菌快速测试瓶。采用该快速测试瓶测定水样中硫酸盐还原菌的含量仅需7天就能得到结果,比原测试瓶测试时间缩短了50%。使用大庆油田四个采油厂的34份水样进行对比试验表明:SRB-HX-7型测试瓶在大大加快SRB测试速度的基础上,具有与SRB-HX-14型测试瓶相同的适应性、准确度和可靠性。

Interaction between sulfate-reducing bacteria and aluminum alloys——Corrosion mechanisms of 5052 and Al-Zn-In-Cd aluminum alloys

Microbiologically influenced corrosion caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) poses a serious threat to marine engineering facilities.This study focused on the interaction between the corrosion behavior of two aluminum alloys and SRB metabolic activity.SRB growth curve and sulfate variation with and with aluminum were performed to find the effect of two aluminum alloys on SRB metabolic activity.Corrosion of 5052 aluminum alloy and Al-Zn-In-Cd aluminum alloy with and without SRB were performed.The results showed that both the presence of 5052 and Al-Zn-In-Cd aluminum alloy promoted SRB metabolic activity,with the Al-Zn-In-Cd aluminum alloy having a smaller promotion effect compared with 5052 aluminum alloy.The electrochemical results suggested that the corrosion of the Al-Zn-In-Cd aluminum alloy was accelerated substantially by SRB.Moreover,SRB led to the transformation of Al-Zn-In-Cd aluminum alloy corrosion product from Al(OH)3 to Al2 S3 and NaAlO2.

硫酸盐废水处理中SRB生态因子的GA-NN建模研究

利用产酸-硫酸盐还原反应器对高浓度硫酸盐废水进行处理时,硫酸盐还原菌的生态位是该系统的核心问题。将神经网络与遗传算法有机地结合起来,以神经网络为理论基础,利用遗传算法优化网络中的连接权值,对产酸硫酸盐还原反应系统进行建模与仿真化,并将之与采用回归分析法的模拟结果相对比。研究结果表明采用遗传算法优化神经网络的效果较好,所建模型的运算结果更为可靠。

Lipid Evidence for Oil Depletion by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria during U Mineralization in the Dongsheng Deposit

Fatty acids were extracted from fluid inclusions, and analyzed for distribution and individual 613C values to determine if there exists sulfate-reducing bacteria （SRB） and what substrates SRB depleted during U mineralization in the Dongsheng deposit. The 10-methylhexadecanoic acid （10Mel6：0） has been detected from most of the samples using GC-MS based on relative retention time and co-injection of standard 10Me16：0 compound. Samples with higher 10Me16： 0 concentrations, show higher U contents. The presence of 10Mel6：0 along with iso-ω7-cis-heptadecenoic acid （i17：1ω7c） and ω7-cisoctadecenoic acid （18：1ω7c） in the fluid inclusions may indicate the occurrence of SRB during the U mineralization. Saturated fatty-acids and unsaturated fatty-acids detected in this study have individual δ^13C values from-30.3‰ to-28.5‰ and-30.5‰ to-27.9‰, respectively. These values are close to those of n-alkanes of the associated oils and the bulk oils, but significantly distinct from methane, thus the oils are concluded to have been used as substrate for the microorganisms to survive on. This proposal is supported by oil biodegradation and ore-stage calcite cement with δ^13C values from-1.4‰ to-17.2‰.

海洋微生物对C40混凝土耐腐蚀性能的影响

将C40混凝土分别置于灭菌海水、富集硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)海水和富集铁细菌(IOB)海水中干湿循环2400 h,通过化学滴定法和交流阻抗谱(EIS)研究了SRB菌和IOB菌对混凝土耐腐蚀性能(氯离子扩散规律)的影响。结果表明:SRB和IOB微生物膜层均呈龟裂状态,无法有效阻隔海水侵蚀;SRB和IOB降低了混凝土内部的pH值;经SRB和IOB腐蚀后混凝土的氯离子扩散系数分别为4.65×10^(-10)m^(2)/s和4.20×10^(-10)m^(2)/s,比灭菌海水环境下分别提高了63.16%和47.37%。