Chemical Characteristics and Anticoagulant Activities of Two Sulfated Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha linza (Chlorophyta)

Two sulfated polysaccharides, designated MP and SP, were extracted from the marine green alga Enteromorpha linza using hot water and then purified using ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The anticoagulant activities of MP and SP were examined by determination of their activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombin time (PT) using human plasma. Results showed that MP and SP were composed of abundant rhamnose with small amounts of xylose and glucuronic acid, whereas SP also contained a small amount of galactose. Approximate molecular weights of MP and SP were 535 and 502 kDa, respectively. As compared with SP, MP had higher contents of sulfate ester (19.0%) and uronic acid (14.9%). The MP mainly consisted of (1→4)-linked rhamnose residues with partially sulfated groups at the C-3 position, and small amounts of (1→3, 4)-linked rhamnose, (1→2, 4)-linked rhamnose, (1→4)-linked glucuronic acid and (1→4)-linked xylose residues. The SP contained abundant (1→4)-linked rhamnose with minor amounts of (1→3)-linked rhamnose, (1→3, 4)-linked rhamnose, (1→2, 4)-linked rhamnose, (1→4)-linked glucuronic acid, (1→4)-linked xylose, and (1→3)-linked galactose residues. The sulfate groups were mainly located at C-3 of (1→4)-linked rhamnose residues. Both MP and SP, in particular the former, effectively prolonged APTT and TT. This work demonstrates that MP and SP have unique structural characteristics distinct from those of other sulfated polysaccharides from Enteromorpha. The MP is a potential source of anticoagulant, and the difference in anticoagulant activities of the two sulfated polysaccharides is directly linked to the discrepancy of their chemical features.

海藻硫酸多糖的制备及其抗凝血活性的研究进展

海藻硫酸多糖是从海藻中提取的一类生物活性多糖,迄今已提取出多种具有抗凝血活性的海藻硫酸多糖,它作为一种有望替代肝素的新型抗凝血活性物质日益受到关注。现就目前国内外对海藻硫酸多糖的制备及其抗凝活性的研究进展作一综述。

海藻硫酸多糖和中药复方对鸡胚接种H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的作用

为探讨海藻硫酸多糖(sulfated polysaccharide from algae,SPA)及中药复方提取液(compound extracts of Chinese medicine,CECM)对H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)的作用,将SPA及CECM以3种不同加药方式作用于接种了H9N2亚型AIV的10日龄SPF鸡胚中,无菌收集鸡胚尿囊液,测定血凝效价,检测2种药液对H9N2亚型AIV的预防、治疗及直接灭活作用。结果显示,SPA及CECM的最大安全浓度分别为50和200mg/mL;3种不同加药方式下,不同浓度SPA及CECM均能极显著降低鸡胚尿囊液中H9N2亚型AIV的血凝效价(P<0.01),以直接灭活作用组的血凝效价降低幅度最大,预防作用组和治疗作用组次之。预防作用组,CECM高剂量组(200mg/mL)的抗病毒效果显著优于SPA各剂量组(12.5、25和50mg/mL)及CECM低、中剂量组(50和100 mg/mL)(P<0.05);治疗作用组,SPA高剂量组(50 mg/mL)及CECM中、高剂量组(100和200mg/mL)抗病毒效果显著优于SPA低剂量组(12.5mg/mL)(P<0.05);直接灭活作用组,SPA及CECM的抗病毒效果均佳,CECM各剂量组的抗病毒效果与SPA各剂量组差异极显著(P<0.01)。结果表明,SPA和CECM对10日龄鸡胚几乎无毒副作用;SPA及CECM均能显著抑制H9N2亚型AIV在鸡胚尿囊液中的增殖,以直接灭活作用组的抗病毒效果最佳,其抗H9N2亚型AIV作用的强弱与药物浓度、用药和病毒的感染时间顺序密切相关。

1种绿藻硫酸多糖的化学组成及其结构表征

目的对1种绿藻硫酸多糖的化学组成及其结构特征进行研究。方法通过热水提取法,从1种石莼属海藻中提取硫酸多糖,采用强阴离子交换色谱和凝胶渗透色谱对多糖进行分离纯化;采用高效凝胶渗透色谱(HPGPC)、高效液相色谱以及化学方法对多糖的纯度、分子量、单糖组成和化学成分进行分析测定;通过红外光谱和气质联用方法对多糖的结构进行表征。结果多糖HP2S在HPGPC色谱图上呈单一对称峰,分子量为90.5kDa,硫酸根和糖醛酸含量分别为32.1%和7.4%,HP2S主要由鼠李糖组成,含有少量葡萄糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖和木糖,HP2S糖链中鼠李糖主要存在形式为(1→2)-Rhap、(1→3)-Rhap和(1→2,3)-Rhap,硫酸根位于(1→3)-Rhap的C-2位或(1→2)-Rhap的C-3位上。结论水溶性多糖HP2S是1种结构新颖的主要由鼠李糖组成的硫酸化多糖。

抗单纯疱疹病毒活性的海洋化合物研究进展

单纯疱疹病毒是全球高度流行的病原体。目前核苷类药物如阿昔洛韦被用于单纯疱疹病毒的治疗,但是存在许多缺陷,如生物利用度低、溶解度小等副作用,尽管有些具有安全性和有效性,但长期使用会导致耐药病毒株的出现。海洋物质具有作用范围广、不易产生耐药性等特点,使人们对海洋生物如藻类、海绵、被囊类动物、棘皮动物、软体动物、细菌以及真菌等作为抗HSV药物的来源产生了极大的兴趣。本综述重点介绍和总结了作为潜在抗HSV药物最有希望的海洋生物提取物、组分等,以期为新型抗HSV药物的研发提供参考。