Reinforcing Effect of Graphene in Epoxy Adhesives: Review

Due to its great strength, hardness, and chemical resistance, epoxy adhesives are becoming more and more used. They continue to have drawbacks, nevertheless, such as poor thermal stability, and poor electrical conductivity. Two-dimensional graphene is a wonderful substance with exceptional qualities including high strength, high electrical conductivity, and large surface area. Because of these characteristics, graphene has been thoroughly researched for its prospective uses in a variety of industries, including electronics, energy storage, and biomedical engineering. The use of graphene as an additive in epoxy adhesives to enhance the characteristics of such materials is one of its promising uses. This paper reviewed the latest findings about graphene’s effects on epoxy adhesives. The various methods to produce graphene-epoxy composites and their improvements are discussed. This research additionally discusses the challenges associated with the production and processing of graphene-epoxy composites, as well as the mechanisms behind the improvements in mechanical, electrical, and thermal characteristics. The final section of this review discusses the challenges and prospective uses of graphene in epoxy adhesives in the future.

Investigating the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of PDMS-Toughened Epoxy Resins for Advanced Adhesive Solutions

This study investigates the enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties in epoxy resins modified with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for advanced adhesive applications. The research focuses on evaluating the tensile strength, thermal stability, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of PDMS-toughened epoxy resins. The primary objective of this study was to explore the use of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as an impact modifier for epoxy resin. We successfully synthesized a grafting copolymer of diglycidyl ether bisphenol-A (DGEBA) and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HTPDMS) through the condensation of hydroxyl groups. Triethylene tetraamine (TETA) was employed as the curing agent to cross-link both DGEBA and the HTPDMS copolymer. The chemical structure of the DGEBA-HTPDMS grafting copolymer was confirmed using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Tensile testing of the cured materials indicated that the elongation at break increased upon addition of PDMS. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed improved thermal stability for the DGEBA system with the incorporation of HTPDMS. These findings suggest that the Si-O-Si segments within the PDMS contribute to the improved mechanical and thermal properties of the DGEBA-based resin.

Modification on epoxy-based adhesive

This research adopted four methods to toughen epoxy adhesives. They were liquid hydroxyl group terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) rubber modification, silicon rubber modification, polyacrylate multiplicity elastomer particulates emulsion modification and chemical grafting modification. After modification, the shearing strength and the rupture elongation were tested. The interface and the chemical reaction between the modifiers and the epoxy were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and infrared optical spectrum. The results show that the elastomer particulates modification and the chemical grafting modification can reach the better toughening effects.

Study on Camellia Oleifera Protein based Wood Adhesive by Epoxy Resin and Its Crosslinking Mechanism

Epoxy resin (EPR) was used to crosslink with Camellia oleifera Abel.protein to prepare wood adhesive,and the bonding performance and curing characteristics of which were mainly investigated,and the synthesis mechanism was also discussed by using model compounds.The experimental results show that EPR can significantly improve the bonding performance of Camellia oleifera Abel.protein-based adhesive,and the maximum of which reaches 0.72 MPa satisfies the strength requirement of Type II plywood in GB/T 17657-2013.After alkali treatment,the protein can more easily crosslink with EPR at low curing temperature,and the adhesive has high degree of crystallinity of curing products,high degree of crosslinking reaction,and high bonding strength.The reaction mechanism of EPR-modified Camellia oleifera Abel.protein adhesive can be divided into resinification phase and curing phase.

Determination of Water Diffusion Coefficients and Dynamics in Adhesive/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composite Joints

To determinate the water diffusion coefficients and dynamics in adhesive/carben fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite joints, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis（EDX） is used to establish the content change of oxy- gen in the adhesive in adhesive/carbon fther reinforced epoxy resin composite joints. As water is made up of oxygen and hydrogen, the water diffusion coefficients and dynamics in adhesive/carben fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite joints can be obtained from the change in the content of oxygen in the adhesive during humidity aging, via EDX analy-sis. The authors have calculated the water diffusion coefficients and dynamics in the adhesive/carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite joints with the aid of beth energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The de- termined results with EDX analysis are almost the same as those determined with elemental analysis and the results al- so show that the durability of the adhesive/carbon fther reinforced epoxy resin composite joints subjected to silane cou- pling agent treatment is better than those subjected to sand paper burnishing treatment and chemical oxidation treat- ment.

A Boron-based Adhesion Aid for Efficient Bonding of Silicone Rubber and Epoxy Resin

We improved the adhesion between silicon based insulating materials and epoxy resin composites by adding the adhesion promoter cycloborosiloxane(BSi,cyclo-1,3,3,5,7,7-hexaphenyl-1,5-diboro-3,7-disiloxane).The experimental results show that the addition of BSi in the silicone rubber(SR)system significantly increases the tensile shear strength between BSi and epoxy resin(EP),reaching 309%of the original value.On this basis,the mechanism of BSi to enhance the adhesion effect was discussed.The electron deficient B in BSi attracted the electron rich N and O in EP to enhance the chemical interaction,combined with the interfacial migration behavior in the curing process,to improve the adhesion strength.This study provides the design and synthesis ideas of adhesive aids,and a reference for further exploring the interface mechanism of epoxy resin matrix composites.

600 Mesh Silicon Carbide Corona Protection Varnish with EPOXY/OMMT Nano-composite Adhesive

A new corona protection varnish was prepared by using epoxy/montmorillonite nanocomposite and pure epoxy resin as adhesives respectively.The adhesive with different amounts of organic montmorillonite（OMMT） was mixed with 1200 mesh silicon carbide（Si C） by different weight ratios.The surface states of the varnishes with various adhesives were observed by powerful optical microscope.Some properties of the varnishes were analyzed during the enduring time under 5kV/cm DC,such as the relation of change in nonlinear coefficient,natural surface resistivity,and surface temperature variation.The results showed that the amounts of OMMT had little effect on the natural surface resistance of the varnish but had important influence on the nonlinear property of the varnish.When the range of the OMMT content was 2wt% to 6wt%,the nonlinear coefficient of all materials with epoxy/OMMT nano-composite adhesive was higher than that with pure epoxy resin adhesive.The surface temperature of the varnish with epoxy/OMMT nanocomposite adhesive was all lower than that with the pure epoxy resin adhesive under high electrical field strength.

The Role of Renewable Protocatechol Acid in Epoxy Coating Modification: Significantly Improved Antibacterial and Adhesive Properties

It is of great significance to design epoxy coatings with superior antibacterial properties and high adhesive properties, as well as excellent processing, superior durability, and high transparency. However, it is still a challenge because of the common complex design and synthesis. Herein, the bio-based monomer protocatechuic acid(PCA) was used as raw material, the catechol structure with high bonding and antibacterial properties was introduced into the flexible alkane segment of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether(EGDE) through an efficient, and green method, and it was cured with isophorone diamine(IPDA) to prepare corresponding thermosets. The cured resins exhibited excellent allaround qualities, particularly in bonding and antibacterial. When 30% PCA was added to pure epoxy resin, the adhesion between substrate and coating increased from 4.40 MPa to 13.60 MPa and the antibacterial rate of coating against E. coli and S. aureus could approach 100%. All of this is due to the fact that the catechol structure present in PCA has the ability to interact with various substrates and alter the permeability of bacterial cell membranes. The architecture of this method offers a fresh approach to dealing with the issues of challenging raw material selection and complex synthesis techniques.

A Simple-Prepared and Multi-Reusable Adhesive Based on Epoxy Vitrimer

Adhesives play an important role in modern society's production and daily life.Developing robust and sustainable adhesives remains a great challenge.Here we report a sustainable epoxy-vitrimer adhesive with high adhesive strength(about 10 MPa)and reusability(82%strength after 3 times).This adhesive can be fabricated from commercially available products through a straightforward hot-pressing method without the need of solvents.The adhesive process is also simple,requiring only 30 min at 180℃.In addition,the vitrimer adhesive has the advantages of both erasability for reuse and excellent water resistance.This work provides a facile strategy to fabricate high-strength adhesive that ensures reusability,recyclability,low cost of raw materials,and simple processing technology.Simultaneously,it expands the range of potential applications for epoxy vitrimers.

Preparation of the Heat Resistant Adhesive of NBR Modified BMI

A Kind of homogeneous resin , which can be used as thermal resistant adhesive and matrix for composite, was prepared by bis (4-maleimidophenyl) methane ( BMI), 4,4’ -diaminodiphenylmethane( DDM), aniline (An), phenol type epoxy resin ( F-51 ) and nitrile -butadiene rubber ( NRR) through solution copolymer-ization . The reaction from prepolymerization to curing of the resin system was studied. And the factors such as raw material ratio and curing temperature, which affect thermal resistance and adhesives of cured product, were also analyzed. SEM and IR spectra were utilized to discuss the mechanisms of toughness and reaction of modified BMI.

The Influence of Nano-Al_(2)O_(3)Additive on the Adhesion between Epoxy Resin and Steel Substrate

The influence of nano-A!2O3 additive on the adhesion between epoxy resin and steel substrate has been investigated. The results of tensile testing indicated that the adhesion strength was increased dramatically by addition of Al2Os nanoparticles in epoxy resin compared with that of the unmodified resin. The highest adhesion strength was obtained with 1 wt% nano-A!2O3 added in epoxy adhesive, more than two times higher than that of the unmodified. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) revealed that a boundary layer exists between epoxy and steel substrate, energy spectrum analysis indicates there is enrichment of the nano-A!2O3 particle. Those results confirmed that the nano-A12O3 additive was closely related to the change of interface morphology and the improvement of adhesion strength. The reason for adhesion improvement was also be discussed.

Effect of Curing Procedure on the Properties of Copper-Powder-Filled Conductive Adhesives

By means of testing the shear strength with single lap joint, measuring electrical resistivity for cured products and the curing strain with strain gauges, the effect of cure parameters on the properties of HT1012 conductive adhesive filled with copper powder was investigated, and the residual stress in the conductive adhesives was also estimated. The experimental results show that the properties such as shear strength of the adhesives, electrical resistivity of products as well as the residual stress of cured HT 1012 copperfitted conductive adhesive were evidently affected by curing temperature and time. The diagrams of scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） were also used to determine the properties. The higher mechanical property was achieved under the condition of curing the adhesive 3 h at 60 ℃ as the density of the hydrogen links or linkages existed in the adhesive was relatively higher and the lower electrical resistivity occurred at 80 ℃.

活性改性剂合成及其对环氧胶黏剂力学与界面粘接性能的影响

综合考虑环氧胶黏剂的施工性能、力学性能及与砂浆界面的粘接性能,利用三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚(TMPGE)与1,4-丁二醇(BDO),通过控制反应物物质的量比以及反应时间制备了四种低环氧值兼具高羟基含量的预聚体(PPM)。通过1H-NMR、盐酸-丙酮法及凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对PPM进行了表征。进一步研究了PPM对改性环氧胶黏剂工作性能、固化力学性能、与水泥砂浆粘接强度以及表面性质的影响。结果显示:延长反应时间以及增加BDO用量使PPM的数均分子量更大、环氧值更低。四种PPM改性后,胶黏剂的放热峰值温度降低,可操作时间延长。同时,PPM使环氧固化物的延性显著增加。四种PPM改性后使环氧与水的接触角降低,固化物表面的极性组分升高。XPS分析表明,PPM使环氧固化物的羟基含量显著提高。最后,PPM使胶黏剂对湿砂浆基体的粘接强度提高了一倍以上。

水利工程用环氧树脂改性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯性能研究

水利工程金属结构和水工建筑物常遭受腐蚀、高速含沙水流磨蚀破坏,需对其进行便捷有效的防护。利用环氧树脂对聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(PUA)进行改性提高PUA与基体黏结性能,采用紫外光(UV)固化技术制备PUA涂层。研究了环氧树脂改性PUA的化学结构及环氧树脂用量对PUA的力学性能、热稳定性能、耐溶剂性能和抗冲磨性能的影响。结果表明,环氧树脂改性PUA的拉伸强度随着环氧树脂用量增加,呈下降趋势,当加入5%时,PUA拉伸强度为103.0 MPa,材料呈强而脆的特性。环氧树脂加入提升了PUA的拉伸剪切强度,由0.25 MPa增至1.60 MPa。同时,环氧树脂改性PUA具有良好的耐水性能、耐溶剂性能、抗冲磨性能,5%环氧树脂改性PUA抗冲磨强度为800 h/(kg·m^(2))。

体育器械铝合金板与聚苯硫醚之间的胶粘方法研究

为进一步提升体育器械产品的轻质化水平,该研究以30%短碳纤维增强型聚苯硫醚和A6061-T6铝合金为基板材料,通过环氧胶黏剂对两种板材实施胶粘处理。在此基础上,分别采用阳极氧化、喷砂、砂纸打磨、酒精超声清洗、等离子清洗等方式来改善基板材料的表面性质,提升基板材料接头位置的力学性能。经试验研究发现,酒精超声清洗对于A6061-T6铝合金的表面优化效果最为显著,等离子清洗对于30%短碳纤维增强型聚苯硫醚的表面优化效果最为显著,采用合理的技术工艺来改善基板材料的表面性质能够显著优化胶粘效果。

无枝状结晶耐离子迁移覆盖膜的研究

挠性印制电路板(FPCB)的离子迁移主要受挠性覆铜板(FCCL)和覆盖膜胶层的影响,表现为线路间的枝状结晶。考察采用环氧胶、聚酰亚胺胶等胶黏剂制备覆盖膜的耐离子迁移性,观察耐离子迁移性测试后的试样形貌,发现不同类型胶黏剂制备的覆盖膜试样枝状结晶程度不一,其中普通环氧胶覆盖膜试样线路间枝状结晶严重。进一步通过胶黏剂配方研究,开发出一种无枝状结晶的环氧胶覆盖膜,性能满足IPC-4203标准要求。

石墨烯增强环氧树脂胶黏剂的研究进展

环氧树脂胶黏剂具有较高的强度、硬度和耐化学腐蚀性,故其应用越来越广泛。但它也存在一些缺点,如热稳定性差、导电性差等。二维石墨烯是一种具有高强度、高导电性、大比表面积等优异性能的材料,在环氧树脂胶黏剂中添加石墨烯可增强其性能。综述了石墨烯-环氧复合材料的制备及石墨烯对环氧胶黏剂的影响,展望了石墨烯-环氧复合材料的应用前景。未来,在石墨烯-环氧复合材料合成与加工过程中还需解决石墨烯的均匀分散、生产的可扩展性、与环氧树脂及固化剂的相容性等问题。

混凝土加固施工中的环氧树脂胶改性及效果研究

针对传统混凝土施工中环氧树脂胶质脆韧性不足和高温易流挂的问题,提出通过气相白炭黑(MSD)对传统环氧树脂结构胶进行改性。试验结果表明,在酚醛胺固化剂T-31掺量为15%,聚酰胺固化剂PA掺量为40%,硅烷偶联剂KH-792的掺量为3%,超细石英砂掺量为40%,纳米碳酸钙掺量为20%,MSD掺量为3%;短切碳纤维掺量为6%配比下制备的结构胶性能最佳。14 d压缩强度、拉伸强度、正拉粘接强度和拉伸抗拉强度分别为81、34、5.5和18.5 MPa。表现出良好的阻裂粘接性能,可以在桥梁混凝土加固中发挥重要作用。

混凝土外墙面装饰用改性环氧树脂胶粘剂制备及应用

为了提高建筑外墙装饰用混凝土胶粘剂性能。以环氧树脂为原料,以乙酸乙酯为稀释剂,以三苯基膦盐为固化剂制备了建筑外墙装饰用混凝土环氧树脂胶粘剂,并对其性能进行了测试表征。结果表明,冷环境下,随着温度降低混凝土与砖板粘接试件的粘接强度、剥离强度不断下降,冲击强度极速下降,而剪切强度变化并不显著;热环境下,随着温度升高试件的粘接强度、剪切强度、冲击强度并未显著变化,而剥离强度缓慢下降;湿环境下,随着湿度增加试件的粘接强度、剥离强度、剪切强度、剪切强度均明显下降;随着挠度增大,试件的抗压强度呈现为显著变大趋势;环氧树脂胶粘剂表观性能与环保性能表现优异,且整体承载力与抗压强度明显提高。