Sulfur Distribution and Transport Studies in East Asia Using Eulerian Model

A three-dimensional regional Eulenan model of sulfur deposition and transport is developed.Processes treated in the model include emission,transport,diffusion,gas-phase and aqueous-phase chemical process,dry deposition,ramout and washout of sulfur.A 'looking up table' method is provided to deal with the gas-phase chemical process including sulfur transfer Dry-depositon velocity considers the influence of underlying surface,wind,degree of stability by parameterization Model calculated values reasonably agrees with observation.Distribution of sulfur deposition and transport in East Asia are also analyzed in this paper Some amount of sulfur emission of different countries transport across boundaries,but the main origin of sulfur deposition in each country in East Asia is from itself.Furthermore.some transport paths on different layers and outlet or inlet zones are found.According to sulfur balance and budget we concluded that sulfur outlets are bigger than inlets across boundary and emissions are more than deposition in most places of East Asia

Distribution ratio of sulfur between high alumina slag and carbonsaturated iron

High alumina slag is widely found in pyrometallurgical extractions of ferronickel,ferrochromium,and platinum group metals.The effects of MgO,Al_(2)O_(3),and CaO/SiO_(2) on the sulfur distribution ratio between high-alumina CaO–SiO_(2)–MgO–Al_(2)O_(3) slag and carbon-saturated iron were investigated.The slag consisted of Al_(2)O_(3) content in the range of 27.61–40.00 wt.%,CaO/SiO_(2) ratio of 0.8–1.1,and MgO content of 8–16 wt.%.The theoretical liquid areas of CaO–SiO_(2)–MgO–Al_(2)O_(3) slag were analyzed through the phase diagrams.The sulfur distribution ratio was measured via the slag–metal equilibrium technique at 1500ºC.It was observed that the sulfur distribution ratio increased with higher MgO content and higher CaO/SiO_(2) ratio largely due to the increase in free O^(2-)ions and the decrease in activity coefficient of sulfur ion in slag,but slightly decreased with the increasing Al_(2)O_(3) content because of the decrease in free O^(2-).

Sulfur polymerization strategy based on the intrinsic properties of polymers for advanced binder-free and high-sulfur-content Li–S batteries

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are the promising next-generation secondary energy storage systems,because of their advantages of high energy density and environmental friendliness.Among numerous cathode materials,organosulfur polymer materials have received extensive attentions because of their controllable structure and uniform sulfur distribution.However,the sulfur content of most organosulfur polymer cathodes is limited(S content<60%)due to the addition of large amounts of conductive agents and binders,which adversely affects the energy density of Li-S batteries.Herein,a hyperbranched sulfur-rich polymer based on modified polyethyleneimine(Ath-PEI)named carbon nanotubeentangled poly(allyl-terminated hyperbranched ethyleneimine-random-sulfur)(CNT/Ath-PEI@S)was prepared by sulfur polymerization and used as a Li-S battery cathode.The high intrinsic viscosity of Ath-PEI provided considerable adhesion and avoided the addition of PVDF binder,thereby increasing the sulfur content of cathodes to 75%.Moreover,considering the uniform distribution of elemental sulfur by the polymer,the utilization of sulfur was successfully improved,thus improving the rate capability and discharge capacity of the battery.The binder-free,sulfur-rich polymer cathode exhibited ultra-high initial discharge capacity(1520.7 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 C),and high rate capability(804 mAh g^(−1) at 2.0 C).And cell-level calculations show that the electrode exhibits an initial capacity of 942.3 mAh g^(−1) electrode,which is much higher than those of conventional sulfur-polymer electrodes reported in the literature.

The MIP Technology and Its Commercial Application

This article introduces the specifics of the MIP technology involving respectively the case for production of clean gasoline, the case for producing clean gasoline coupled with production of diesel and the case for producing gasoline with increased output of propylene. The performance of the MIP units that were in operation was wrapped up. Test results have shown that the MIP technology is characterized by improved product distribution as evidenced by the reduced yields of dry gas and slurry and the increased total liquid yield; the upgraded product quality as evidenced by the reduced olefin and sulphur contents in gasoline; and the more ideal techno-economic indicators as evidenced by the reduced unit consumption of catalyst and the reduced energy consumption of the process unit.

Experimental Study on Deep Desulfurizer in LF Process

CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaF2-MgO was selected as the slag system for desulfurization in LF process.The reaction between steel and slag during desulfurization has been simulated by using Factsage software to study the influence of component on the sulfur distribution ratio.In order to research the influence of CaO content,aluminum powder content and its granularity on desulfurization,laboratory experiments have been carried out in a 200 kg inductive furnace.Results showed that the optimal composition of deep desulfurizer is wCaO=64% and aluminium powder 10% with a granularity of 30 μm.Industrial trials showed that the main composition range of final slag in LF process is wCaO=53.0%-57.0%,wAl2O3=23.4%-25.1%,wSiO2=8.1%-10.0%,and wCaF2=3.2%-4.7%.The sulfur mass percent in steel is lower than 0.0008% with a desulfurization rate above 89%.According to the result of industrial production,this desulfurizer could meet the production requirement for ultra-low sulfur steel,of which sulfur mass percent is under 0.0015%

Temporal variation of microbial population in a thermophilic biofilter for SO_2 removal

The performance of a biofilter relies on the activity of microorganisms during the gas contaminant treatment process. In this study, SO2 was treated using a laboratory-scale biofilter packed with polyurethane foam cubes（PUFC）, on which thermophilic desulfurization bacteria were attached. The thermophilic biofilter effectively reduced SO2 within 10 months of operation time, with a maximum elimination capacity of 48.29 g/m^3/hr.Temporal shifts in the microbial population in the thermophilic biofilter were determined through polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and deoxyribonucleic acid（DNA） sequence analysis. The substrate species and environmental conditions in the biofilter influenced the microbial population. Oxygen distribution in the PUFC was analyzed using a microelectrode. When the water-containing rate in PUFC was over 98%, the oxygen distribution presented aerobic–anoxic–aerobic states along the test route on the PUFC. The appearance of sulfate-reducing bacteria was caused by the anaerobic conditions and sulfate formation after 4 months of operation.