Effects of carbon nanotubes （CNT） and alumina （γ-Al2O3） supports on the catalytic activities of hydrodesulfurization （HDS） process over Co- Mo catalyst have been studied. XRD results indicated that the main act...Effects of carbon nanotubes （CNT） and alumina （γ-Al2O3） supports on the catalytic activities of hydrodesulfurization （HDS） process over Co- Mo catalyst have been studied. XRD results indicated that the main active phases in CNT and γ-Al2O3 supported Co-Mo catalysts are MoO2 and MOO3, respectively. The TPR results reveal that the reduction peak temperatures of the active species on CNT supported Co-Mo catalyst is lower than those on alumina supported Co-Mo catalyst, indicating that the CNT supports favor the reduction of active species. Catalytic evaluation results displayed that the sulfur content in the reaction products on the CNT supported Co-Mo catalyst is lower than that on the alumina supported Co-Mo catalyst if the HDS reaction was carried out at a temperature above 583 K.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the protective efficacy of gossypin （3,3＇,4＇,5,7,8-hexahydroxyflavone 8-glucoside） by administering it intraperitoneally, for dose, time, and vehicle dependent effects against sulphur mustard...Objective To evaluate the protective efficacy of gossypin （3,3＇,4＇,5,7,8-hexahydroxyflavone 8-glucoside） by administering it intraperitoneally, for dose, time, and vehicle dependent effects against sulphur mustard （SM）, administered through percutaneous route in mice. Methods SM （diluted in PEG-300） was administered percutaneously. The protective efficacy of gossypin was evaluated by administering it intraperitoneally （50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg）, in various vehicles （water, PEG-300 and DMSO）, and time intervals （30 min prior, simultaneous and 2 h post）. The time dependent protection of gossypin （200 mg/kg in PEG-300; i.p.） was also evaluated using selected biochemical variables （GSH, GSSG, MDA, total antioxidant status, Hb, WBC count, RBC count, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase） and liver histology. The protection of gossypin by oral route was also evaluated against percutaneously administered SM. Results The protection against systemic toxicity of SM （LD50 8.1 mg/kg） was better when gossypin was given with PEG-300 （8.0 folds） than DMSO （5.7 folds）. No protection was observed when gossypin was administered with water. Good protection （8.0 folds） was observed when gossypin was administered （200 mg/kg in PEG-300; i.p.） at 30 min prior or simultaneous to SM exposure, but no protection was observed when gossypin was administered 2 h post to SM exposure. A significant weight loss was observed 7 days after SM administration （2 LD50）, with a significant increase in RBC and Hb. A significant decrease in total antioxidant status of plasma, liver GSH and GSSG levels, and in the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase was also observed 7 days after SM administration. SM treated mouse liver also showed necrosis. A significant protection was observed when gossypin （200 mg/kg in PEG-300; i.p.） was administered either as a pretreatment （30 min before） or simultaneous treatment, and not as a post treatment （2 h）. The protective efficacy of gossypin was better through oral route when administered with DMSO （4.8 folds） than with PEG-300 （2.4 folds）. No protection was observed when gossypin was administered orally with water. Conclusion Percutaneous administration of SM induces oxidative stress and gossypin can protect it as a prophylactic agent by intraperitoneal or oral routes.展开更多
Background: In clinical studies, the findings on sulfur mustard(SM) toxicity for CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets are contradictory. In animal experiments, the effect of SM on the T cell number and prolifera...Background: In clinical studies, the findings on sulfur mustard(SM) toxicity for CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets are contradictory. In animal experiments, the effect of SM on the T cell number and proliferation is incompatible and is even the opposite of the results in human studies. In this study, we observed the dynamic changes of T lymphocytes in the first week in a high-dose SM-induced model.Methods: Mice were exposed to SM by subcutaneous injection(20 mg/kg) and were sacrificed 4 h, 24 h, 72 h and 168 h later. Spleen T lymphocyte proliferation was evaluated by 3H-Td R. Flow cytometric analysis was used to observe the percentage of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets. The IL-1e assayed using the Luminex method. DNA damage in bone marrow ceβ, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-lls was observed with α levels in plasma werthe single cell gel electrophoresis technique(SCGE).Results: SM continuously inhibited the proliferation of lymphocytes for 7 days, and there was a significant rebound of Con A-induced T lymphocyte proliferation only at 24 h. The percentage of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes was upregulated, which was accompanied by increased IL-1β and TNF-creased in the PG group at 4 h. The peak of lymphocytic apoptα and decreased IL-10. The IL-6 level was gradually deosis and DNA damage occurred at 24 h and 72 h, respectively. Conclusion: Our results show that SM significantly inhibited T lymphocyte proliferation as well as induced CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ upregulation. SM intoxication also significantly increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and inhibited the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Our results may partly be due to the significant SM induced significant apoptosis and necrosis of lymphocytes as well as DNA damage of bone marrow cells. The results provided a favorable evaluation of SM immune toxicity in an animal model.展开更多
Background: Sulfur mustard (2,2’-bis-chloroethyl-sulfide;SM) has been a military threat since the World War I. SM is the major chemical warfare agent used byJapanduring World War II. The clinical picture of poisoning...Background: Sulfur mustard (2,2’-bis-chloroethyl-sulfide;SM) has been a military threat since the World War I. SM is the major chemical warfare agent used byJapanduring World War II. The clinical picture of poisoning, including cutaneous blisters, respiratory tract damage, ocular lesions and bone marrow depression is well known. In this report, we describe a civilian exposure in August 2003, in Qiqihar, Northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province. Aim: To describe the clinical features and treatment of sulfur mustard toxicity. Results: In 44 victims of SM exposure, 32 had ocular symptoms;43 showed significant skin blistering and pigmentation;15 had pulmonary symptoms such as productive cough occurred;18 have Central nervous symptoms and other effects. Conclusion: The 44 victims were all injured, when five barrels of mustard gas were dug up at a construction site inQiqihar. The gas leak killed one and injured 43 others, one of the worst accidents involving chemical weapons abandoned by Japanese invading troops in China after WWII.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to compare the levels of IL-6, 8 in tear fluids of people exposed to mustard gas in the war between Iraq and Iran who had the chronic dry-eye symptoms compared to the normal group. In this...The purpose of this study is to compare the levels of IL-6, 8 in tear fluids of people exposed to mustard gas in the war between Iraq and Iran who had the chronic dry-eye symptoms compared to the normal group. In this study, 25 of the patients who were exposed to mustard gas and had chronic dry eye symptoms were compared to 25 patients as control group, consisting of 25 people who had common chronic dry eye symptoms with blepharitis and 25 healthy people as normal group. The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in tear fluid of people of these three groups were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results for levels of IL-6 (P = 0.002) and IL-8 (P = 0.001) in tear fluid of patients in comparison with normal group show a significant increase. The differences were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. The effect of exposure to mustard gas on eyes of chemical-injured veterans destroyed meibomian glands which paved the way for evaporative type of dry-eye. As a result, the cited ILs in the tear fluid of these patients increased and resulted in later eye-impairments.展开更多
Sulfur mustard(SM) can be absorbed by skin quickly and cause serious system damage via reacting with nearly all cell constituents. Until now, there is still lack of effective antidotal therapy for SM and skin protecti...Sulfur mustard(SM) can be absorbed by skin quickly and cause serious system damage via reacting with nearly all cell constituents. Until now, there is still lack of effective antidotal therapy for SM and skin protection is highly important to defend SM. In this article, supramolecular liquid barrier based on pillar[5]arene with triethylene oxide substituents(EGP5) has been designed to impede the skin permeation of SM and further interaction with the skin tissue. EGP5 could encapsulate SM within its cavity, with a Kavalue of(5.10 ± 0.47) × 10^(2)L/mol. In vitro skin absorption test proved that EGP5 was capable to effectively prevent SM from penetrating through skin. This supramolecular liquid barrier was employed on rat models to systematically evaluate protective effect against SM intoxication. Pretreatment of EGP5could alleviate skin and system damage induced by SM and improve survival rate of poisoned rat models from 10% to 90%. Additionally, EGP5 served as protective materials could be highly reused after recycling several times. Overall, these findings have provided the first insight into the construction of convenient liquid material for SM protection.展开更多
文摘Effects of carbon nanotubes （CNT） and alumina （γ-Al2O3） supports on the catalytic activities of hydrodesulfurization （HDS） process over Co- Mo catalyst have been studied. XRD results indicated that the main active phases in CNT and γ-Al2O3 supported Co-Mo catalysts are MoO2 and MOO3, respectively. The TPR results reveal that the reduction peak temperatures of the active species on CNT supported Co-Mo catalyst is lower than those on alumina supported Co-Mo catalyst, indicating that the CNT supports favor the reduction of active species. Catalytic evaluation results displayed that the sulfur content in the reaction products on the CNT supported Co-Mo catalyst is lower than that on the alumina supported Co-Mo catalyst if the HDS reaction was carried out at a temperature above 583 K.
文摘Objective To evaluate the protective efficacy of gossypin （3,3＇,4＇,5,7,8-hexahydroxyflavone 8-glucoside） by administering it intraperitoneally, for dose, time, and vehicle dependent effects against sulphur mustard （SM）, administered through percutaneous route in mice. Methods SM （diluted in PEG-300） was administered percutaneously. The protective efficacy of gossypin was evaluated by administering it intraperitoneally （50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg）, in various vehicles （water, PEG-300 and DMSO）, and time intervals （30 min prior, simultaneous and 2 h post）. The time dependent protection of gossypin （200 mg/kg in PEG-300; i.p.） was also evaluated using selected biochemical variables （GSH, GSSG, MDA, total antioxidant status, Hb, WBC count, RBC count, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase） and liver histology. The protection of gossypin by oral route was also evaluated against percutaneously administered SM. Results The protection against systemic toxicity of SM （LD50 8.1 mg/kg） was better when gossypin was given with PEG-300 （8.0 folds） than DMSO （5.7 folds）. No protection was observed when gossypin was administered with water. Good protection （8.0 folds） was observed when gossypin was administered （200 mg/kg in PEG-300; i.p.） at 30 min prior or simultaneous to SM exposure, but no protection was observed when gossypin was administered 2 h post to SM exposure. A significant weight loss was observed 7 days after SM administration （2 LD50）, with a significant increase in RBC and Hb. A significant decrease in total antioxidant status of plasma, liver GSH and GSSG levels, and in the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase was also observed 7 days after SM administration. SM treated mouse liver also showed necrosis. A significant protection was observed when gossypin （200 mg/kg in PEG-300; i.p.） was administered either as a pretreatment （30 min before） or simultaneous treatment, and not as a post treatment （2 h）. The protective efficacy of gossypin was better through oral route when administered with DMSO （4.8 folds） than with PEG-300 （2.4 folds）. No protection was observed when gossypin was administered orally with water. Conclusion Percutaneous administration of SM induces oxidative stress and gossypin can protect it as a prophylactic agent by intraperitoneal or oral routes.
基金supported by grants from the military medical science foundation projects (08G142)Chinese scientific and technological major special project (2009ZXJ09002-012, 2013ZX09J13103-01B and 2014ZX09J14103-03A)state key laboratory of toxicology and medical countermeasures
文摘Background: In clinical studies, the findings on sulfur mustard(SM) toxicity for CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets are contradictory. In animal experiments, the effect of SM on the T cell number and proliferation is incompatible and is even the opposite of the results in human studies. In this study, we observed the dynamic changes of T lymphocytes in the first week in a high-dose SM-induced model.Methods: Mice were exposed to SM by subcutaneous injection(20 mg/kg) and were sacrificed 4 h, 24 h, 72 h and 168 h later. Spleen T lymphocyte proliferation was evaluated by 3H-Td R. Flow cytometric analysis was used to observe the percentage of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets. The IL-1e assayed using the Luminex method. DNA damage in bone marrow ceβ, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-lls was observed with α levels in plasma werthe single cell gel electrophoresis technique(SCGE).Results: SM continuously inhibited the proliferation of lymphocytes for 7 days, and there was a significant rebound of Con A-induced T lymphocyte proliferation only at 24 h. The percentage of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes was upregulated, which was accompanied by increased IL-1β and TNF-creased in the PG group at 4 h. The peak of lymphocytic apoptα and decreased IL-10. The IL-6 level was gradually deosis and DNA damage occurred at 24 h and 72 h, respectively. Conclusion: Our results show that SM significantly inhibited T lymphocyte proliferation as well as induced CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ upregulation. SM intoxication also significantly increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and inhibited the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Our results may partly be due to the significant SM induced significant apoptosis and necrosis of lymphocytes as well as DNA damage of bone marrow cells. The results provided a favorable evaluation of SM immune toxicity in an animal model.
文摘Background: Sulfur mustard (2,2’-bis-chloroethyl-sulfide;SM) has been a military threat since the World War I. SM is the major chemical warfare agent used byJapanduring World War II. The clinical picture of poisoning, including cutaneous blisters, respiratory tract damage, ocular lesions and bone marrow depression is well known. In this report, we describe a civilian exposure in August 2003, in Qiqihar, Northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province. Aim: To describe the clinical features and treatment of sulfur mustard toxicity. Results: In 44 victims of SM exposure, 32 had ocular symptoms;43 showed significant skin blistering and pigmentation;15 had pulmonary symptoms such as productive cough occurred;18 have Central nervous symptoms and other effects. Conclusion: The 44 victims were all injured, when five barrels of mustard gas were dug up at a construction site inQiqihar. The gas leak killed one and injured 43 others, one of the worst accidents involving chemical weapons abandoned by Japanese invading troops in China after WWII.
文摘The purpose of this study is to compare the levels of IL-6, 8 in tear fluids of people exposed to mustard gas in the war between Iraq and Iran who had the chronic dry-eye symptoms compared to the normal group. In this study, 25 of the patients who were exposed to mustard gas and had chronic dry eye symptoms were compared to 25 patients as control group, consisting of 25 people who had common chronic dry eye symptoms with blepharitis and 25 healthy people as normal group. The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in tear fluid of people of these three groups were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results for levels of IL-6 (P = 0.002) and IL-8 (P = 0.001) in tear fluid of patients in comparison with normal group show a significant increase. The differences were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. The effect of exposure to mustard gas on eyes of chemical-injured veterans destroyed meibomian glands which paved the way for evaporative type of dry-eye. As a result, the cited ILs in the tear fluid of these patients increased and resulted in later eye-impairments.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22171286, 21772118, 21971192)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City (No. 20JCZDJC00200)the Special Fund of Military Medical Science (Nos. BWS16J007,AWS17J009)。
文摘Sulfur mustard(SM) can be absorbed by skin quickly and cause serious system damage via reacting with nearly all cell constituents. Until now, there is still lack of effective antidotal therapy for SM and skin protection is highly important to defend SM. In this article, supramolecular liquid barrier based on pillar[5]arene with triethylene oxide substituents(EGP5) has been designed to impede the skin permeation of SM and further interaction with the skin tissue. EGP5 could encapsulate SM within its cavity, with a Kavalue of(5.10 ± 0.47) × 10^(2)L/mol. In vitro skin absorption test proved that EGP5 was capable to effectively prevent SM from penetrating through skin. This supramolecular liquid barrier was employed on rat models to systematically evaluate protective effect against SM intoxication. Pretreatment of EGP5could alleviate skin and system damage induced by SM and improve survival rate of poisoned rat models from 10% to 90%. Additionally, EGP5 served as protective materials could be highly reused after recycling several times. Overall, these findings have provided the first insight into the construction of convenient liquid material for SM protection.
