某炼油厂固废减量化技术措施的应用

炼油厂生产过程中会产生大量的固体废物,通常委托专业公司外运填埋处置。随着环保标准的日益严格,固废填埋的入场标准更高、要求更严。为减少炼油固废的产生,满足环保要求,须将污染物由产生后处理转变为将污染物消除在产生之前。某炼油厂针对每年平均34~36 kt的固废,通过采用一系列减量化技术措施——“过滤分离(板框压滤机)+沉降分离+焦化处置与多梯度耦合炼化油泥减量化处理(污泥干化)”三级分离处理技术、使用新型脱硫醇溶剂及硫酸再生技术,不仅固废总量由实施前的35 821.72 t/a降至实施后的9 381.4 t/a,而且将废物回收处置再利用,实现了固废综合利用、绿色处置,取得了显著的经济效益。

工业烟气脱硫同时制取硫化氢的初步研究

提出一种无废烟气脱硫新方法。用硫化钠溶液洗脱工业烟气中二氧化硫，同时生成硫化氢。后者用Ｃｌａｕｓ反应可制取元素硫。反应过程为三阶段模式。第一阶段发生二氧化硫溶解和硫离子向硫氢根离子转变；第二阶段主要发生硫氢根离子向硫化氢转变同时吸收二氧化硫；第三阶段，溶液逐渐失去脱除ＳＯ２的能力。提高硫化钠初始浓度和反应温度或降低进气中二氧化硫含量，于提高Ｈ２Ｓ转化率有利。进气中二氧化硫分压增大，各阶段周期缩短。

Immigration,transformation,and emission control of sulfur and nitrogen during gasification of MSW:Fundamental and engineering review

This paper proposes a comprehensive summary and analysis of an important issue during municipal solid waste(MSW)gasification-sulfur and nitrogen pollution.It provides an overview of the fundamentals of MSW and the basic aspects of nitrogen and sulfur elements.Their characteristics of immigration,transformation and distribution during gasification with control solutions in realized or potential engineering are also concluded.The analysis indicates that the complete scenario of the occurrence form of sulfur and nitrogen elements in MSW is difficult to obtain,owing to the diverse sources and complicated compositions.However,with the assistance of advanced characterization and quantification methods(XPS,XRD,TG-FTIR,et al.),the common sulfur-and nitrogen-containing compounds in both organic and inorganic states can be detected.Adjustment of gasification conditions can regulate the transformation of these elements for emission control.The multiple pollutants including H_(2)S,SO_(x),COS,NH_(3),HCN and NO_(x)cannot be eliminated by one-step treatment but a combination of adsorption and catalytic treatments may realize the control goal.This research aims to benefit meeting emission standards during MSW gasification and to provide a reference for other processes such as incineration,pyrolysis and other feedstocks like biomass and refuse derived fuel(RDF).

钛白副产物七水硫酸亚铁盐固废资源化利用——高硫容羟基氧化铁材料合成和脱硫剂制备技术开发

钛白副产物七水硫酸亚铁固体废弃物堆积存放不仅污染环境,而且浪费铁资源,限制钛白产业发展。以其为原料,用NaOH、NH_(3)·H_(2)O、Na_(2)CO_(3)沉淀剂制得无定型高硫容羟基氧化铁材料,进而制备高附加值的脱硫剂,实现固废资源化利用。采用XRF、XRD、TGA-DSC、N_(2)吸附法、物性分析和性能评价对合成材料和脱硫剂进行分析评价。结果表明,制得的材料是无定型羟基氧化铁,以氧化铁质量计质量分数为84.49%~87.93%,穿透硫容分别是41.32%、47.87%、44.80%;制备的脱硫剂穿透硫容分别是29.03%、34.15%、31.68%。工业生产样堆积密度1.02 kg·L^(-1),抗压碎力183.96 N·cm^(-1),比表面积78.778 m^(2)·g^(-1),孔容0.165 mL·g^(-1),最可几孔径4.66 nm,穿透硫容31.29%。羟基氧化铁脱硫剂可广泛应用于各类原料净化脱硫工艺。