Selenium and Sulfur Systematics of Mafic Dykes in Western Fujian Province,Southern China

Fifteen samples from three study areas （the Bancun diabase dykes, the Bali hornblende gabbro dykes, the Linzifen gabbro-diabase dykes） were collected and analyzed for selenium （Se）, sulfur （S）, copper （Cu）, major and trace elements. In general, Se, S and Cu do positively correlate to each other. The concentration of S and Se and the S/Se ratio are higher than the corresponding value of primitive mantle （PM）, and the Cu/S ratio falls in a narrow range （0.04-0.29）, which is consistent with that of primitive mantle （0.05-0.20）. The Bancun diabase dykes and the Bali hornblende gabbro dykes were located in an intraplate environment during the Late Mesozoic. Oceanic subduction was closely related to magmatic activities. The magmatic activities play an important role in the transportation mechanism of Se and S. Because those two groups were closer to fault zones, which may affect the distribution of S and Se and other elements. In the two groups, no crustal contamination was observed, indicating that all analyzed elements may come from enriched mantle metasomtism associated with slab subduction. However, the Linzifen gabbro-diabase dykes were located in an intraplate rift environment, and its invading age is older than the other two groups, the primitive magma comes from mantle, and there is an anomalous relation between S, Se and Al2O3, （La/Sm）N, and all these factors could result in higher S and Se concentration.

Industrial diamonds grown in Ni_(70)Mn_(25)Co_5-graphite-sulfur system under HPHT

This paper reports that diamond single crystals were synthesized from sulfur-added Ni70Mn25Co5＋C system under high pressure and high temperature （HPHT）. It was found that additive sulfur had inhibited the nucleation and growth of diamond to some extent. X-ray diffraction of the collected sample indicated that under the synthesis conditions, a new compound MnS had been formed through the reaction of additive sulfur with manganese in the catalyst. The MnS has a fcc structure, and its average crystal size was about 30 nm. By scanning electron microscope, the {111} surface of diamond was found to be flat, while there was usually a large depression on the central region of {100}. Further observation showed that there were many small upside-down pyramidal pits in the expression. The results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that MnS can only be detected in the depression in the range of detection precision. It was inferred that MnS had been dissolved in the melted alloy during the growth experiment, and precipitated in the sequent quenching process.

Exploring the relationship between ambient sulfur dioxide and semen quality parameters:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To investigate the relationship between ambient sulfur dioxide(SO2)exposure and semen quality parameters.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies investigating the association between SO2 exposure and semen quality parameters.This search encompassed the timeframe from January 2000 to May 2023 and included electronic databases such as Web of Science,Google Scholar,PubMed,Cochrane,and Scopus.Pooled effect estimates with 95%confidence intervals(CI)were calculated using percent changes(PC).The meta-analysis included seven studies with 6711 participants and 15087 semen samples.Results:The results revealed a significant negative association between ambient SO2 exposure and certain semen quality parameters.In particular,SO2 exposure was associated with a significant decrease in progressive motility(PC=0.032;95%CI:-0.063 to-0.001;P=0.044)and sperm concentration(PC=-0.020;95%CI:-0.036 to-0.005;P=0.012).However,no statistically significant associations were observed for total sperm count(PC=-0.038;95%CI:-0.079 to 0.003;P=0.070),seminal fluid volume(PC=-0.009;95%CI:-0.048 to-0.030;P=0.662)and sperm motility(PC=-0.17;95%CI:-0.363 to 0.022;P=0.830).In addition,the results of the subgroup analysis revealed specific variables that were associated with the decrease in relevant sperm parameters.Conclusions:This systematic review and meta-analysis provides compelling evidence supporting a consistent negative association between exposure to ambient SO2 and semen quality parameters.

Sulfur cycle in the typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland ecosystem in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

The sulfur cycle and its compartmental distribution within an atmosphere-plant-soil system was studied using a compartment model in the typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland in the Sanjiang Plain Northeast China. The results showed that in the typical meadow C. angustifolia wetland ecosystem, soil was the main storage compartment and current hinge of sulfur in which 98.4% sulfur was accumulated, while only 1.6% sulfur was accumulated in the plant compartment. In the plant subsystem, roots and litters were the main storage compartment of sulfur and they remained 83.5% of the total plant sulfur. The calculations of sulfur turnover through the compartments of the typical meadow C. angustifolia wetland ecosystem demonstrated that the above-ground component took up 0.99 gS/m^2 from the root, of which 0.16 gS/m^2 was translocated to the roots and 0.83 gS/m^2 to the litter. The roots took in 1.05 gS/m^2 from the soil, subsequent translocation back to the soil accounted for 1.31 gS/m^2, while there was 1.84 gS/m^2 in the litter and the net transfer of sulfur to the soil was more than 0.44 gS/（m^2·a）. The emission of H2S from the typical meadow C. angustifolia wetland ecosystem to the atmosphere was 1.83 mgS/（m^2·a）, while carbonyl sulfide （COS） was absorbed by the typical meadow C. angustifolia wetland ecosystem from the atmosphere at the rate of 1.76 mgS/（m^2·a）. The input of sulfur by the rainfall to the ecosystem was 4.85 mgS/m^2 during the growing season. The difference between input and output was 4.78 mgS/m^2, which indicated that sulfur was accumulated in the ecosystem and may cause wetland acidify in the future.

Transformation Efficiency of Sulfur for a Mulberry Leaf-Silkworm Cocoon System in the Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, China

Cocoon samples were collected from fifty-two mulberry gardens with high, intermediate, and low silkworm cocoon productivities in the lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the six China’s provinces of Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, and Hubei to determine the transformation efficiency of S from mulberry leaves to silkworm cocoons, and to evaluate the sulfur cycle (uptake and output) in the mulberry leaf-silkworm cocoon system with typical mulberry gardens in the lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The transformation efficiency of sulfur (TES) from mulberry leaves into silkworm cocoons in the high-productivity mulberry gardens was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that in the low-productivity gardens. For the high-productivity mulberry gardens the TES from mulberry leaves into the cocoon shells was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that for low-yield mulberry gardens. Producing 1 kg dry cocoon in mulberry gardens required uptake of about 20 g S, however 1 kg of dry cocoon only removed about 4 g S. Therefore, recycling of these organic wastes with silkworm cultivation was important for sulfur balances.

Determination of Some Heavy-metal-ions Using a Sulfur Ion Modified BZ Oscillating System

A highly sensitive method is developed for the determination of trace amounts of some heavy metal ions in aqueous solution based on the classical Belousov-Zhabotinskii （BZ） oscillating chemical system. Introducing of S^2- ion makes the new oscillating system Ce（SO4）2 - KBrO3 - CH2（COOH）2 - Na2S - H2SO4 have to a high sensitivity for some heavy metal ions such as Ag^＋, Pb^2＋, Hg^2＋, Cd^2＋, Cu^2＋and Bi^3＋ with detection limits down to 10^-12 mol·L^- 1

Behavior of S_2O_3^(2-) and SO_3^(2-) in sulfur-bearing aqueous solution system for gold leaching

The concentrations of S2O3 2- and SO3 2- were measured in gold leaching systems,including thiosulfate system,polysulfide system and the modified lime sulfur synthetic solution(ML)system in the process of chemical reaction.The interactions among S2O3 2- ,SO3 2-and S 2-were discussed.The behavior mechanism of sulfur-bearing reagents was proposed to describe the process reactions and their Gibbs free energy.The proper quantity oxygen and SO3 2- reduce decomposition of S2O3 2-and react with sulfur derived from the decomposition of SX 2- .So,SO3 2-ions have action to stabilize sulfur-bearing system and are favorable to leach gold.

Synthesis of N-type semiconductor diamonds with sulfur,boron co-doping in FeNiMnCo-C system at high pressure and high temperature

A series of diamonds with boron and sulfur co-doping were synthesized in the Fe Ni Mn Co-C system by temperature gradient growth（TGG） under high pressure and high temperature（HPHT）. Because of differences in additives, the resulting diamond crystals were colorless, blue-black, or yellow. Their morphologies were slab, tower, or minaret-like. Analysis of the x-ray photoelectron spectra（XPS） of these diamonds shows the presence of B, S, and N in samples from which N was not eliminated. But only the B dopant was assuredly incorporated in the samples from which N was eliminated. Resistivity and Hall mobility were 8.510 Ω·cm and 760.870 cm^2/V·s, respectively, for a P-type diamond sample from which nitrogen was eliminated. Correspondingly, resistivity and Hall mobility were 4.211×10^5 Ω·cm and 76.300 cmΩ2/V·s for an N-type diamond sample from which nitrogen was not eliminated. Large N-type diamonds of type Ib with B–S doping were acquired.

Critical load of sulfur deposition for ecosystemand its application in China

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Dual-single-atoms of Pt-Co boost sulfur redox kinetics for ultrafast Li-S batteries

Applications of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are still limited by the sluggish conversion kinetics from polysulfide to Li_(2)S.Although various single-atom catalysts are available for improving the conversion kinetics,the sulfur redox kinetics for Li-S batteries is still not ultrafast.Herein,in this work,a catalyst with dual-single-atom Pt-Co embedded in N-doped carbon nanotubes(Pt&Co@NCNT)was proposed by the atomic layer deposition method to suppress the shuttle effect and synergistically improve the interconversion kinetics from polysulfides to Li_(2)S.The X-ray absorption near edge curves indicated the reversible conversion of Li_(2)Sx on the S/Pt&Co@NCNT electrode.Meanwhile,density functional theory demonstrated that the Pt&Co@NCNT promoted the free energy of the phase transition of sulfur species and reduced the oxidative decomposition energy of Li_(2)S.As a result,the batteries assembled with S/Pt&Co@NCNT electrodes exhibited a high capacity retention of 80%at 100 cycles at a current density of 1.3 mA cm^(−2)(S loading:2.5 mg cm^(−2)).More importantly,an excellent rate performance was achieved with a high capacity of 822.1 mAh g^(−1) at a high current density of 12.7 mA cm^(−2).This work opens a new direction to boost the sulfur redox kinetics for ultrafast Li-S batteries.

Biomass-derived porous carbon with single-atomic cobalt toward high-performance aqueous zinc-sulfur batteries at room temperature

Aqueous zinc-sulfur batteries at room temperature hold great potential for next-generation energy storage technology due to their low cost,safety and high energy density.However,slow reaction kinetics and high activation energy at the sulfur cathode pose great challenges for the practical applications.Herein,biomass-derived carbon with single-atomic cobalt sites(MMPC-Co)is synthesized as the cathode in Zn-S batteries.The catalysis of single-atom Co sites greatly promotes the transform of cathode electrolyte interface(CEI)on the cathode surface,while offering accelerated charge transfer rate for high conversion reversibility and large electrochemical surface area(ECSA)for high electrocatalytic current.Furthermore,the rich pore structure not only physically limits sulfur loss,but also accelerates the transport of zinc ions.In addition,the large pore volume of MMPC-Co is able to relieve the stress effect caused by the volume expansion of Zn S during charge/discharge cycles,thereby maintaining the stability of electrode structure.Consequently,the sulfur cathode maintains a high specific capacity of 729.96 m A h g^(-1)after 500 cycles at4 A g^(-1),which is much better than most cathode materials reported in the literature.This work provides new insights into the design and development of room-temperature aqueous Zn-S batteries.

Selective leaching of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries using sulfuric acid and oxalic acid

Traditional hydrometallurgical methods for recovering spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)involve acid leaching to simultaneously extract all valuable metals into the leachate.These methods usually are followed by a series of separation steps such as precipitation,extraction,and stripping to separate the individual valuable metals.In this study,we present a process for selectively leaching lithium through the synergistic effect of sulfuric and oxalic acids.Under optimal leaching conditions(leaching time of 1.5 h,leaching temperature of 70°C,liquid-solid ratio of 4 mL/g,oxalic acid ratio of 1.3,and sulfuric acid ratio of 1.3),the lithium leaching efficiency reached89.6%,and the leaching efficiencies of Ni,Co,and Mn were 12.8%,6.5%,and 21.7%.X-ray diffraction(XRD)and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES)analyses showed that most of the Ni,Co,and Mn in the raw material remained as solid residue oxides and oxalates.This study offers a new approach to enriching the relevant theory for selectively recovering lithium from spent LIBs.

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A MEMBRANE-FORMING SYSTEM COMPOSED OF POLYSULFONE-SOLVENT-SULFURIC ACID SOLUTION

1 INTRODUCTIONSince the invention of asymmetric membrane by Loeb and Sourirajan [1],membraneseparation processes have attracted considerable commercial interests.L-S membranesare generally prepared by phase inversion techniques [2].The thermodynamic and kine-tic analyses of these processes could be expressed by means of semiempiricalmathematical models.Such thermodynamic work involves the construction of a com-plete phase diagram for the membrane formation system and the membrane structure.

NEW OSCILLATING REACTIONS CATALYZED BY TETRAMETHYLTETRAAZACYCLOTETRAENE （TIM）NICKEL（Ⅱ）COMPLEX IN BROMATE－PYRUVIC ACID ──SULFURIC ACID SYSTEM

New oscillating reaction with the participation of a macrocyclic nickel(Ⅱ) complex ion [Ni(TIM )]2+ as catalyst and pyruvic acid as organic substrate in acidic bromate medium are described' This complex ion contains the ligand: 2, 3,9, 10-tetramethyl - 1, 4, 8, 11 - tetraazacyclotetradeca - 1, 3, 8, 10 - tetraene. The [Ni (TIM ) ]2+ion can undergo oxidation reaction of Ni (Ⅱ ) Ni (Ⅲ ). Detailed research on the system's oscillation characters and influential factors is made and the mechanism is briefly discussed.

SEQUENTIAL OSCILLATIONS IN BrO_3^-—GALLIC ACID—SULFURIC ACID—[Ni(TIM)]^(2+)SYSTEM

[Ni(TIM)]^(2+)can act as a catalyst in bromate—gallic acid—sulfuric acid system to produce sequential oscillations have been studied.When bromate solution is added to the reaction mixture,two sets of concen- tration oscillations take place,the first set is the noncatalyzed oscillation and the second is[Ni(TIM)]^(2+) catalyzed oscillation.

A critical review towards the causes of the iron-based catalysts deactivation mechanisms in the selective oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur from biogas

Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S) not only presents significant environmental concerns but also induces severe corrosion in industrial equipment,even at low concentrations.Among various technologies,the selective oxidation of hydrogen sulfide(SOH_(2)S) to elemental sulfur(S) has emerged as a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution.Due to its unique properties,iron oxide has been extensively investigated as a catalyst for SOH_(2)S;however,rapid deactivation has remained a significant drawback.The causes of iron oxide-based catalysts deactivation mechanisms in SOH_(2)S,including sulfur or sulfate deposition,the transformation of iron species,sintering and excessive oxygen vacancy formation,and active site loss,are thoroughly examined in this review.By focusing on the deactivation mechanisms,this review aims to provide valuable insights into enhancing the stability and efficiency of iron-based catalysts for SOH_(2)S.

Assessing the Impact of Sulfur Atmospheric Deposition on Terrestrial Ecosystems Close to an Industrial Corridor in the Southeast of Mexico

The main objective of this research work was to diagnose the vulnerability of terrestrial ecosystems to S deposition in Atasta region in Campeche State, Mexico, comprising two simultaneous sampling programs in both, soil and atmospheric deposition on an annual basis during three climatic periods: dry, rainy and cold fronts seasons. From the estimation of soil properties estimation (pH, texture, mineralogy, cationic exchange capacity, and basis saturation %), critical loads and sensitivity classes were assigned to sampled soils based according to the empirical methodology proposed by UNECE. During the dry season, 10 sites fell into sensitivity class 2 (moderately sensitive) and 3 (sensitive). On the other hand, during the rainy season, 8 sites showed a sensitivity class 1 (highly sensitive) and 2 sites presented a sensitivity class 2 (moderately sensitive);whereas along cold fronts season, 12 sites fell into sensitivity class 1 that corresponds to highly sensitive. Sensitivity classes showed a seasonal trend, with a higher sensitivity during rainy and cold fronts seasons;this agrees with the kind of sources influencing on the study area as a result of the prevailing meteorology during these climatic periods. Likewise, S concentration in atmospheric deposition was determined by turbidimetric method, and S deposition fluxes were estimated from surface area of the funnel opening of the sampling device and the sampling period. S deposition fluxes ranged from 0.29 and 14.06 kg S ha-1·yr-1;with a mean value of 8.57 kg S ha-1·yr-1. From the comparison between the current deposition rates and proposed critical loads, exceedances percentages were obtained (from 1.65% to 62.8%) and mapped to identify critical zones of S deposition in the studied area. It was established the important role which mangrove vegetation plays in the attenuation of the potential ecological effects on terrestrial ecosystems of the study area associated to atmospheric deposition.

Systemic treatment for severe concentrated sulfuric acid burns in an adult male at high altitude:A case report

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to report a case of a patient who suffered from severe concentrated sulfuric acid burns while working at high altitude.This patient recovered after systemic treatment.We also provide a literature review for a better understanding of the disease.CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old male,who was working in a local chemical plant in Xining at an altitude of 2261 m,suffered from 85%burns(Ⅲ°70%,deep Ⅱ°15%)after a tank containing 80%concentration of sulfuric acid exploded.The patient immediately received a series of first aid treatments,as well as rigorous wound managements after admission,which included protection for the whole body and organs,prevention and treatment of eye burns,and the appropriate oxygen therapy.After 65 d of treatment,the burn wounds had completely healed,and the patient was transferred to another specialized hospital for further eye treatment.The first aid before admission and the emergency treatment of wounds following admission were appropriate.No severe complications of sepsis,severe renal insufficiency,septic costal chondritis,corneal perforation or other burns occurred during the treatment.CONCLUSION The main causes of concentrated sulfuric acid burns consisted of accidental burns at work,accidents in the outside,factitious injuries and improper laboratory operations.The clinical manifestations were mostly deep Ⅱ°and Ⅲ°burns,with a formation of brown-black,leather-like eschar on the wound surface and locally embolized dendrite-like vessels.The clear cause of the injury and typical clinical manifestations in this case made it easy to diagnosis.However,adult cases with severe concentrated sulfuric acid burns in high altitude areas are rare,so the successful treatment of this case is of great significance.

Research progress on catalysts for organic sulfur hydrolysis: Review of activity and stability

The removal of organic sulfur through catalytic hydrolysis is a significant area of research in the field of desulfurization.This review provides an overview of recent advancements in catalytic hydrolysis technology of organic sulfur,including the activity,stability,and atmosphere effects of hydrolysis catalysts.The emphasis is on strategies for enhancing hydrolysis activity and anti-oxygen poisoning property of catalysts.Surface modification,metal doping and nitrogen doping have been found to improve the activity of catalysts.Alkaline components modification is the most commonly used method,the formation of oxygen vacancies through metal doping and creation of nitrogen basic sites through nitrogen doping also contribute to the hydrolysis of organic sulfur.The strategies for anti-oxygen poisoning are discussed in a systematic manner.The structural regulation of catalysts is beneficial for the desorption and diffusion of hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S),thereby effectively inhibiting its oxidation.Nitrogen doping and the addition of electronic promoters such as transition metals can protect active sites and decrease the number of active oxygen species.These methods have been proven to enhance the anti-poisoning performance of catalysts.Additionally,this article summarizes how different atmospheres affect the activity of hydrolysis catalysts.The objective of this review is to pave the way for the development of efficient,stable and widely used catalysts for organic sulfur hydrolysis.

Density functional theory study of B- and Si-doped carbons and their adsorption interactions with sulfur compounds

Understanding the adsorption interactions between carbon materials and sulfur compounds has far-reaching impacts,in addition to their well-known important role in energy storage and conversion,such as lithium-ion batteries.In this paper,properties of intrinsic B or Si single-atom doped,and B-Si codoped graphene(GR)and graphdiyne(GDY)were investigated by using density functional theory-based calculations,in which the optimal doping configurations were explored for potential applications in adsorbing sulfur compounds.Results showed that both B or Si single-atom doping and B-Si codoping could substantially enhance the electron transport properties of GR and GDY,improving their surface activity.Notably,B and Si atoms displayed synergistic effects for the codoped configurations,where B-Si codoped GR/GDY exhibited much better performance in the adsorption of sulfurcontaining chemicals than single-atom doped systems.In addition,results demonstrated that,after B-Si codoping,the adsorption energy and charge transfer amounts of GDY with sulfur compounds were much larger than those of GR,indicating that B-Si codoped GDY might be a favorable material for more effectively interacting with sulfur reagents.