Crystal engineering concept has been utilized to modify the physico-chemical parameters of a naturally occurring alkaloid, quinine sulphate, by exploring its H-bond interactions to generate different forms. Quinine su...Crystal engineering concept has been utilized to modify the physico-chemical parameters of a naturally occurring alkaloid, quinine sulphate, by exploring its H-bond interactions to generate different forms. Quinine sulphate is found to exist in four different crystal forms. The Forms I and II depict endo/exo events suggesting conversion of metastable low melting forms to higher melting and stable form indicated by sharp melting endotherms. The low melting form IL is found to be monotropically related to high melting Form IH while low melting Form IIL is enantiotropically related to high melting Form IIH. The Form III and IV showed broad endotherms accompanied by mass loss in TGA prior to melting indicating the existence of solvatomorphism. The solvent molecules are tightly bound in the crystal lattice of the drug molecules which is shown by high values of the binding energies of the solvents in these two forms. The enthalpy of solution was found to be endothermic for all the forms which followed the order: Form O > Form II > Form III > Form I > Form IV and is further related to the lattice energy suggesting Form II to be least crystalline. The solubility for Form II was found to be highest with maximum release rate in dissolution studies. The effectiveness of new polymorphic forms was confirmed by performing in vivo antimalarial activity against P. berghei infection. The studies have shown an increase in antimalarial activity of Form IV concluding a successful development of new polymorphic form.展开更多
Background: One of the deadliest parasite infections is malaria. A combination of quinine sulphate and doxycycline is another therapeutic option for malaria that is resistant to chloroquine and is anticipated to be ab...Background: One of the deadliest parasite infections is malaria. A combination of quinine sulphate and doxycycline is another therapeutic option for malaria that is resistant to chloroquine and is anticipated to be able to both combat the issue of anti-malarial medication resistance as well as the compliance to malaria therapy that is still raging in certain locations of Indonesia. Aim: This study will focus on evaluating the possibility of interaction between quinine sulphate and doxycycline followed by formulating the fixed-dose combination of both active pharmaceutical ingredients. Method: The study was designed as a laboratory experiment and applied some examinations. The examination from the organoleptic test of active pharmaceutical ingredients powder, crystallography analysis, and physical analysis of fixed-dose tablet including hardness, friability, and disintegration time testing. Result: The crystallography study reported there was no physical interaction found between quinine sulphate and doxycycline. The formula found excellent tablet printability with a composition of Quinine sulphate and doxycycline (Qidox). Conclusion: quinine sulphate with doxycycline can be combined into one tablet as Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC).展开更多
Magnetite concentrate was recovered from ferrous sulphate by co-precipitation and magnetic separation. In co-precipitation process, the effects of reaction conditions on iron recovery were studied, and the optimal rea...Magnetite concentrate was recovered from ferrous sulphate by co-precipitation and magnetic separation. In co-precipitation process, the effects of reaction conditions on iron recovery were studied, and the optimal reaction parameters are proposed as follows： n（CaO）/n（Fe2＋） 1.4：1, reaction temperature 80 ℃, ferrous ion concentration 0.4 mol/L, and the final mole ratio of Fe3＋ to FJ＋ in the reaction solution 1.9-2.1. In magnetic separation process, the effects of milling time and magnetic induction intensity on iron recovery were investigated. Wet milling played an important part in breaking the encapsulated magnetic phases. The results showed that the mixed product was wet-milled for 20 min before magnetic separation, the grade and recovery rate of iron in magnetite concentrate were increased from 51.41% and 84.15% to 62.05% and 85.35%, respectively.展开更多
The mitigation of sulphation and parasitic hydrogen evolution is considered as prominent research emphasis for the development of lead-carbon batteries(LCBs)in large-scale energy storage applications.Here,cooperative ...The mitigation of sulphation and parasitic hydrogen evolution is considered as prominent research emphasis for the development of lead-carbon batteries(LCBs)in large-scale energy storage applications.Here,cooperative Pb-C composites consisting of single atom Pb and carbon-encapsulated PbO nanoparticles were prepared by freeze-drying technique and pyrolytic reduction to address above obstacles.The innovative use of Pb^(2+)to cross-link sodium alginate enabled a uniform distribution of Pb in the composites,generating Pb-C-PbO three-phase heterostructure.Experimental analysis and theoretical calculations revealed the synergistic interactions between single-atom Pb and PbO nanoparticles in suppressing parasitic hydrogen evolution and promoting the adsorption of Pb atoms.The presence of monatomic Pb and PbO enhanced the affinity of the composites for the negative active materials and facilitated the transformation of the active materials from bulk into spherical shapes to enhance the specific surface area,thereby counteracting sulphation.Through the coordinated integration of various functionalities offered by Pb@C-x,the cycle life of the battery at HRPSoC reaches 7025 cycles,which is two times for LCB with pure carbon materials.Additionally,the discharge capacity increased from 3.52 to 3.79 Ah.This study provides substantial insights into the construction of Pb-C composites for LCBs to inhibit negative sulphation and hydrogen evolution.展开更多
目的探讨甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠联合硫酸镁治疗小儿喘息性支气管肺炎的疗效对患者炎症指标的影响。方法选取2021年10月至2022年10月东台市人民医院收治的130例喘息性支气管肺炎患儿作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为常规组与观察组,每组65...目的探讨甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠联合硫酸镁治疗小儿喘息性支气管肺炎的疗效对患者炎症指标的影响。方法选取2021年10月至2022年10月东台市人民医院收治的130例喘息性支气管肺炎患儿作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为常规组与观察组,每组65例。常规组给予甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠治疗,观察组给予甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠联合硫酸镁治疗,比较两组临床疗效、炎症指标[超敏C-反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、中性粒细胞百分比(percentage of neutrophils,NEUT%)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)]及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组治疗总有效率高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组咳嗽、气喘、肺啰音、气促症状消失时间及肺部炎症消失时间、住院时间均短于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组hs-CRP、NEUT%及PCT均低于治疗前,且观察组低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠联合硫酸镁治疗喘息性支气管肺炎患儿疗效显著,可缩短症状改善时间,改善炎症反应程度,值得临床推广应用。展开更多
Over recent decades, Gampaha district, Sri Lanka, has experienced significant urbanisation and industrial growth, increasing groundwater demand due to limited and polluted surface water resources. In 2013, a community...Over recent decades, Gampaha district, Sri Lanka, has experienced significant urbanisation and industrial growth, increasing groundwater demand due to limited and polluted surface water resources. In 2013, a community uprising in Rathupaswala, a village in Gampaha district, accused a latex glove manufacturing factory of causing groundwater acidity (pH < 4). This study evaluates the spatial and temporal changes in geochemical parameters across three transects in the southern part of Gampaha district to 1) assess the impact of geological formations on groundwater;2) compare temporal variations in groundwater;and 3) explain acidification via a geochemical model. Seventy-two sample locations were tested for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and anion concentrations (sulphate, nitrate, chloride and fluoride). Depth to the water table and distance from the sea were measured to study variations across sandy, peaty, lateritic, and crystalline aquifers. Results showed pH readings around 7 for sandy and crystalline aquifers, below 7 for peaty aquifers, and below 5 for lateritic aquifers, with significant water table fluctuations near Rathupaswala area. Principal component analysis revealed three principal components (PCs) explaining 86.0% of the variance. PC1 (40.6%) correlated with pH, EC, and sulphate (saltwater intrusion), while PC2 (32.0%) correlated with nitrates and depth to the water table (anthropogenic nutrient pollution). A geochemical transport model indicated a cone of depression recharged by acidic groundwater from peat-soil aquifers, leading to acidic groundwater in Rathupaswala area. Previous attributions of acidic pH to the over-exploitation of groundwater by the latex factory have been reevaluated;the results suggest natural acidification from prolonged water-rock interactions with iron-rich lateritic aquifers. Groundwater pH is influenced by local climate, geology, topography, and drainage systems. It is recommended that similar water-rock interaction conditions may be present throughout the wet zone of Sri Lanka, warranting detailed studies to confirm this hypothesis.展开更多
目的:观察低分子肝素联合硫酸镁治疗早发型子痫前期的疗效与预后。方法:选择早发型子痫前期病人80例,根据治疗方法不同分为观察组和对照组,各40例。观察组采用低分子肝素联合硫酸镁治疗,对照组采用硫酸镁治疗。比较2组病人治疗前后血压...目的:观察低分子肝素联合硫酸镁治疗早发型子痫前期的疗效与预后。方法:选择早发型子痫前期病人80例,根据治疗方法不同分为观察组和对照组,各40例。观察组采用低分子肝素联合硫酸镁治疗,对照组采用硫酸镁治疗。比较2组病人治疗前后血压、凝血功能和肾功能指标水平及妊娠结局。结果:2组病人治疗前收缩压、舒张压、尿氮素(BUN)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UP)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组收缩压、舒张压、BUN、24 h UP水平均低于治疗前(P<0.05),且均低于对照组(P<0.05~P<0.01)。2组病人治疗前活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),凝血酶原时间(PT)、D-二聚体水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05和P<0.01);2组治疗后APTT、PT、D-二聚体水平均低于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后D-二聚体水平明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组妊娠周数明显长于对照组(P<0.01),新生儿窒息率低于对照组(P<0.05),2组围产儿死亡率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:低分子肝素联合硫酸镁治疗早发型子痫前期能够改善病人凝血功能和肾功能,延长妊娠周数,改善母婴结局,值得推广。展开更多
文摘Crystal engineering concept has been utilized to modify the physico-chemical parameters of a naturally occurring alkaloid, quinine sulphate, by exploring its H-bond interactions to generate different forms. Quinine sulphate is found to exist in four different crystal forms. The Forms I and II depict endo/exo events suggesting conversion of metastable low melting forms to higher melting and stable form indicated by sharp melting endotherms. The low melting form IL is found to be monotropically related to high melting Form IH while low melting Form IIL is enantiotropically related to high melting Form IIH. The Form III and IV showed broad endotherms accompanied by mass loss in TGA prior to melting indicating the existence of solvatomorphism. The solvent molecules are tightly bound in the crystal lattice of the drug molecules which is shown by high values of the binding energies of the solvents in these two forms. The enthalpy of solution was found to be endothermic for all the forms which followed the order: Form O > Form II > Form III > Form I > Form IV and is further related to the lattice energy suggesting Form II to be least crystalline. The solubility for Form II was found to be highest with maximum release rate in dissolution studies. The effectiveness of new polymorphic forms was confirmed by performing in vivo antimalarial activity against P. berghei infection. The studies have shown an increase in antimalarial activity of Form IV concluding a successful development of new polymorphic form.
文摘Background: One of the deadliest parasite infections is malaria. A combination of quinine sulphate and doxycycline is another therapeutic option for malaria that is resistant to chloroquine and is anticipated to be able to both combat the issue of anti-malarial medication resistance as well as the compliance to malaria therapy that is still raging in certain locations of Indonesia. Aim: This study will focus on evaluating the possibility of interaction between quinine sulphate and doxycycline followed by formulating the fixed-dose combination of both active pharmaceutical ingredients. Method: The study was designed as a laboratory experiment and applied some examinations. The examination from the organoleptic test of active pharmaceutical ingredients powder, crystallography analysis, and physical analysis of fixed-dose tablet including hardness, friability, and disintegration time testing. Result: The crystallography study reported there was no physical interaction found between quinine sulphate and doxycycline. The formula found excellent tablet printability with a composition of Quinine sulphate and doxycycline (Qidox). Conclusion: quinine sulphate with doxycycline can be combined into one tablet as Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC).
基金Project(2013A090100013)supported by the Special Project on the Integration of Industry,Education and Research of Guangdong Province,ChinaProject(201407300993)supported by the High Technology Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China
文摘Magnetite concentrate was recovered from ferrous sulphate by co-precipitation and magnetic separation. In co-precipitation process, the effects of reaction conditions on iron recovery were studied, and the optimal reaction parameters are proposed as follows： n（CaO）/n（Fe2＋） 1.4：1, reaction temperature 80 ℃, ferrous ion concentration 0.4 mol/L, and the final mole ratio of Fe3＋ to FJ＋ in the reaction solution 1.9-2.1. In magnetic separation process, the effects of milling time and magnetic induction intensity on iron recovery were investigated. Wet milling played an important part in breaking the encapsulated magnetic phases. The results showed that the mixed product was wet-milled for 20 min before magnetic separation, the grade and recovery rate of iron in magnetite concentrate were increased from 51.41% and 84.15% to 62.05% and 85.35%, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52064028,22002054)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (202401AT070334,202101AS070013)Yunnan Provincial Major Science and Technology Special Plan Projects (202202AF080002)。
文摘The mitigation of sulphation and parasitic hydrogen evolution is considered as prominent research emphasis for the development of lead-carbon batteries(LCBs)in large-scale energy storage applications.Here,cooperative Pb-C composites consisting of single atom Pb and carbon-encapsulated PbO nanoparticles were prepared by freeze-drying technique and pyrolytic reduction to address above obstacles.The innovative use of Pb^(2+)to cross-link sodium alginate enabled a uniform distribution of Pb in the composites,generating Pb-C-PbO three-phase heterostructure.Experimental analysis and theoretical calculations revealed the synergistic interactions between single-atom Pb and PbO nanoparticles in suppressing parasitic hydrogen evolution and promoting the adsorption of Pb atoms.The presence of monatomic Pb and PbO enhanced the affinity of the composites for the negative active materials and facilitated the transformation of the active materials from bulk into spherical shapes to enhance the specific surface area,thereby counteracting sulphation.Through the coordinated integration of various functionalities offered by Pb@C-x,the cycle life of the battery at HRPSoC reaches 7025 cycles,which is two times for LCB with pure carbon materials.Additionally,the discharge capacity increased from 3.52 to 3.79 Ah.This study provides substantial insights into the construction of Pb-C composites for LCBs to inhibit negative sulphation and hydrogen evolution.
文摘目的探讨甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠联合硫酸镁治疗小儿喘息性支气管肺炎的疗效对患者炎症指标的影响。方法选取2021年10月至2022年10月东台市人民医院收治的130例喘息性支气管肺炎患儿作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为常规组与观察组,每组65例。常规组给予甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠治疗,观察组给予甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠联合硫酸镁治疗,比较两组临床疗效、炎症指标[超敏C-反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、中性粒细胞百分比(percentage of neutrophils,NEUT%)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)]及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组治疗总有效率高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组咳嗽、气喘、肺啰音、气促症状消失时间及肺部炎症消失时间、住院时间均短于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组hs-CRP、NEUT%及PCT均低于治疗前,且观察组低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠联合硫酸镁治疗喘息性支气管肺炎患儿疗效显著,可缩短症状改善时间,改善炎症反应程度,值得临床推广应用。
文摘Over recent decades, Gampaha district, Sri Lanka, has experienced significant urbanisation and industrial growth, increasing groundwater demand due to limited and polluted surface water resources. In 2013, a community uprising in Rathupaswala, a village in Gampaha district, accused a latex glove manufacturing factory of causing groundwater acidity (pH < 4). This study evaluates the spatial and temporal changes in geochemical parameters across three transects in the southern part of Gampaha district to 1) assess the impact of geological formations on groundwater;2) compare temporal variations in groundwater;and 3) explain acidification via a geochemical model. Seventy-two sample locations were tested for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and anion concentrations (sulphate, nitrate, chloride and fluoride). Depth to the water table and distance from the sea were measured to study variations across sandy, peaty, lateritic, and crystalline aquifers. Results showed pH readings around 7 for sandy and crystalline aquifers, below 7 for peaty aquifers, and below 5 for lateritic aquifers, with significant water table fluctuations near Rathupaswala area. Principal component analysis revealed three principal components (PCs) explaining 86.0% of the variance. PC1 (40.6%) correlated with pH, EC, and sulphate (saltwater intrusion), while PC2 (32.0%) correlated with nitrates and depth to the water table (anthropogenic nutrient pollution). A geochemical transport model indicated a cone of depression recharged by acidic groundwater from peat-soil aquifers, leading to acidic groundwater in Rathupaswala area. Previous attributions of acidic pH to the over-exploitation of groundwater by the latex factory have been reevaluated;the results suggest natural acidification from prolonged water-rock interactions with iron-rich lateritic aquifers. Groundwater pH is influenced by local climate, geology, topography, and drainage systems. It is recommended that similar water-rock interaction conditions may be present throughout the wet zone of Sri Lanka, warranting detailed studies to confirm this hypothesis.
文摘目的:观察低分子肝素联合硫酸镁治疗早发型子痫前期的疗效与预后。方法:选择早发型子痫前期病人80例,根据治疗方法不同分为观察组和对照组,各40例。观察组采用低分子肝素联合硫酸镁治疗,对照组采用硫酸镁治疗。比较2组病人治疗前后血压、凝血功能和肾功能指标水平及妊娠结局。结果:2组病人治疗前收缩压、舒张压、尿氮素(BUN)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UP)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组收缩压、舒张压、BUN、24 h UP水平均低于治疗前(P<0.05),且均低于对照组(P<0.05~P<0.01)。2组病人治疗前活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),凝血酶原时间(PT)、D-二聚体水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05和P<0.01);2组治疗后APTT、PT、D-二聚体水平均低于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后D-二聚体水平明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组妊娠周数明显长于对照组(P<0.01),新生儿窒息率低于对照组(P<0.05),2组围产儿死亡率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:低分子肝素联合硫酸镁治疗早发型子痫前期能够改善病人凝血功能和肾功能,延长妊娠周数,改善母婴结局,值得推广。
