Objective:To summarize the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,aiming to provide evidence-based information for clinical nursing staff.Methods:Evidence search was done in Chinese and Englis...Objective:To summarize the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,aiming to provide evidence-based information for clinical nursing staff.Methods:Evidence search was done in Chinese and English databases to guide network and professional associations at home and abroad.The search time limit was from January 2014 to January 2024,nearly 10 years of relevant literature,mainly including guidelines,consensus,expert advice,best practice,evidence summary,system evaluation,and meta-analysis.Literature quality evaluation and evidence extraction were independently performed by two researchers.Results:This paper included 13 articles,including three guidelines,three systematic evaluations,three expert opinions,and four expert consensus.Twenty-six pieces of evidence were summarized from 10 aspects of feeding intolerance definition,team building,nutritional assessment,nutritional preparation,feeding protocol,feeding route,feeding management,pipeline management,gastric residual volume,and drug application.Conclusion:This paper summarized the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,which can provide evidence-based information for clinical practice.The abdominal signs should be closely observed when evaluating feeding intolerance,focusing on the prevention and reduction of feeding interruption.展开更多
Integrated writing tasks,requiring writers to summarize source content and integrate their ideas or experience with those in the source text,are widely used in standardized tests of English proficiency.Integrated writ...Integrated writing tasks,requiring writers to summarize source content and integrate their ideas or experience with those in the source text,are widely used in standardized tests of English proficiency.Integrated writing adds an element not found in traditional independent writing:the use of source text material.Recently,concern has been raised that over-reliance on source texts in integrated writing may lead to plagiarism as well as inaccurate assessment which calls for further investigation.Research on L2 students’writing using sources has broadened its focus from transgressive citing practices to stages of skill development in this complicated literacy,the successive challenges students face,and how instruction might be of benefit.Previous literature mainly focused on source use in academic writing and seldom considered summary writing in standardized tests,while summary strategy is particularly important in standardized tests,in which summary accounts for a significant part of the assessment criteria.Given that a series of previous literature have indicated that source text use,source texts,and prompts are associated with the quality of summary writing,this article reviews the source text borrowing in the summary of integrated writing to further explore the relationship between some variables and the quality of summary writing and therefore finds some research gaps in this field.展开更多
Objective: To search, evaluate and integrate the best domestic and foreign evidence on the preoperative pre-rehabilitation of lung cancer patients with COPD, and summarize the best evidence. Methods: Cochrane Library,...Objective: To search, evaluate and integrate the best domestic and foreign evidence on the preoperative pre-rehabilitation of lung cancer patients with COPD, and summarize the best evidence. Methods: Cochrane Library, BMJ Best Practice, JBI Center for International Cooperation in Evidence-Based Health Care Library, and Up to were searched by computer system Date, Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, Evidence-Based Health Care Center Database (JBI), American Guidenet, Global Guidenet, CNKI, CMBM, Wanfang, and VIP databases on preoperative pre-rehabilitation of patients with lung cancer and COPD. Literature screening and quality evaluation were conducted independently by two researchers, and evidence was extracted, summarized and summarized according to the theme. Results: A total of 13 kinds of literature were included, including 4 guidelines, 4 systematic reviews, 3 evidence summaries, and 2 expert consensus articles. This paper summarizes 44 best evidence on pre-rehabilitation of lung cancer patients with COPD, including 8 aspects: pre-rehabilitation content and principle, pre-rehabilitation assessment, exercise rehabilitation, nutrition management, psychological guidance, health education, multidisciplinary cooperation, quality control and follow-up. Conclusion: The best evidence of preoperative pre-rehabilitation for patients with lung cancer complicated with COPD is rich in content, and needs to be selected according to the characteristics of the hospital and the clinical environment. Some of the evidence still needs to be confirmed by higher-quality studies. .展开更多
Objective: To summarize the best evidence for the evaluation and management of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in cancer patients, so as to promote the standardized management of chemotherapy-related nausea a...Objective: To summarize the best evidence for the evaluation and management of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in cancer patients, so as to promote the standardized management of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. Methods: A computer search was conducted for all evidence on chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting interventions, including guidelines, expert consensus, best clinical practice information booklet, recommended practice, evidence summary, and systematic review. The search period is from April 30, 2022. After the literature quality evaluation, the evidence extraction and summary of the literature meeting the quality standards. Results: A total of 16 literatures were included, including 9 guidelines, 5 systematic reviews and 2 expert consensus papers. 46 pieces of best evidence on the assessment and management of chemotherapy related nausea and vomiting in cancer patients were summarized, including 6 aspects including risk assessment and management, non-drug management, drug management, multidisciplinary cooperation, education and training, and health education. Conclusion: This study summarized the current best evidence on the assessment and management of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. Clinical staff should apply evidence according to specific clinical scenarios, professional skills and patients’ wishes in order to reduce the degree and incidence of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in cancer patients and improve the quality of care.展开更多
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases （CVDs） is associated with the socioeconomic prosperity, lifestyle changes, accelerated process of ageing and urbanization. The prevalence of CVDs is continuously increasing ...The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases （CVDs） is associated with the socioeconomic prosperity, lifestyle changes, accelerated process of ageing and urbanization. The prevalence of CVDs is continuously increasing in China and will remain an upward trend in the next 10 years. CVDs are the leading cause of death for Chinese in both urban area and rural area. Nowadays, 41.09% of deaths in rural area and 42.52% of deaths in urban area are caused by CVDs in China. The burden of CVDs remains heavy and has become an important public health problem. Effective strategies should be enforced urgently for the prevention of CVDs under the supervision of the government. In 2012, the Ministry of Health of China and 14 governmental departments jointly issued the Work Plan for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control in China （2012-2015）, a guideline for the prevention of chronic diseases, especially CVDs in China.展开更多
Objective:The extremely low incidence of male breast cancer (MBC) leads to lack of prospective randomized phase III studies worldwide. Especially in China,all studies on Chinese patients with MBC were based on small s...Objective:The extremely low incidence of male breast cancer (MBC) leads to lack of prospective randomized phase III studies worldwide. Especially in China,all studies on Chinese patients with MBC were based on small sample size and single institute experience. The aim of this study was to provide overall view of characteristics of Chinese patients with MBC by means of summarizing all related papers published in Chinese journals. Methods: An online search was made in CBM,VIP,CNKI,and CBA databases to find all published articles of interest on Chinese patients with MBC. And eight subjects including the proportion of MBC in all breast cancer,age,tumor location,clinical stages,pathological subtypes,treatment modalities,ER/PR expression,and 5-year survival rate were selected to calculate the proportion and their 95% interval confidence. Results: There were 122 papers with 2584 patients enrolled. The basic features of Chinese patients with MBC included:(1) MBC only with a proportion of 1.06% of all the breast cancer; (2) The mean age at diagnosis was 57.6 years old; (3) Tumor mainly located in the areolar region (74.83%) with obvious nipple and/or skin involvement; (4) Nearly 62.62% patients were in early stage before accepting treatment; (5) Infiltrating ductal carcinoma accounted for 79.05% of all pathological subtypes; (6) ER/PR expression rate was 65.86%; (7) Radical resection was up to 86.06% in all surgical modalities; (8) The 5-year survival rate was 57.33%. Conclusion: The results showed in this study were an overall view of Chinese patients with MBC whose characteristics were similar to that reported in the West. Though this study provided a little bit stronger confidence than a single study collected in this paper,studies with more powerful evidence are urgently demanding in China.展开更多
On the“International Conference on Power SystemTechnology,1991”,a panel discussion on Dis-patcher Training Simulator(DTS)was held.Since DTS is a very in-teresting topic both in China and abroad,not only many audienc...On the“International Conference on Power SystemTechnology,1991”,a panel discussion on Dis-patcher Training Simulator(DTS)was held.Since DTS is a very in-teresting topic both in China and abroad,not only many audienceswere attracted by this panel discussion,they also raised many inter-esting questions and discussed with the panelists.Highlights of thefour papers presented by panelists as well as their related discus-sions are summarized below.展开更多
According to the power system planning in China,500kV transmission line will be the trunks in all regionalnetworks except the Northwest China System.Due to short ofcapital resources,however,most of those 500 kV transm...According to the power system planning in China,500kV transmission line will be the trunks in all regionalnetworks except the Northwest China System.Due to short ofcapital resources,however,most of those 500 kV transmissionlines are and will be operating in single circuit for quite a long pe-riod of time.So,to use the live working techniques on 500 kVlines is an important problem for study.Actually,we had already begun our study on live workingon 500 kV transmission line several years prior to the展开更多
Note-taking and Summary Writing reflects the true nature of listening comprehension in communication,represents a true and relatively overall picture of the college students' communicative language ability.It has ...Note-taking and Summary Writing reflects the true nature of listening comprehension in communication,represents a true and relatively overall picture of the college students' communicative language ability.It has high validity,acceptable reliability and positive washback effect,and thus is a promising alternative to Multiple Choice as a listening test method in some large-scale tests.展开更多
In ordcr to asscss the school attendance status of children aged 7-14 to determine the causes of non-at-tendance,and to formulate appropriate policics for the implementation of the ninc-ycar compulsory cduca-tion prog...In ordcr to asscss the school attendance status of children aged 7-14 to determine the causes of non-at-tendance,and to formulate appropriate policics for the implementation of the ninc-ycar compulsory cduca-tion programme,a sample survcy on school--agc:children was carried out in Jianhc,Lcishan and Taijang,Guizhou Province in October 1993.展开更多
文摘Objective:To summarize the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,aiming to provide evidence-based information for clinical nursing staff.Methods:Evidence search was done in Chinese and English databases to guide network and professional associations at home and abroad.The search time limit was from January 2014 to January 2024,nearly 10 years of relevant literature,mainly including guidelines,consensus,expert advice,best practice,evidence summary,system evaluation,and meta-analysis.Literature quality evaluation and evidence extraction were independently performed by two researchers.Results:This paper included 13 articles,including three guidelines,three systematic evaluations,three expert opinions,and four expert consensus.Twenty-six pieces of evidence were summarized from 10 aspects of feeding intolerance definition,team building,nutritional assessment,nutritional preparation,feeding protocol,feeding route,feeding management,pipeline management,gastric residual volume,and drug application.Conclusion:This paper summarized the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,which can provide evidence-based information for clinical practice.The abdominal signs should be closely observed when evaluating feeding intolerance,focusing on the prevention and reduction of feeding interruption.
文摘Integrated writing tasks,requiring writers to summarize source content and integrate their ideas or experience with those in the source text,are widely used in standardized tests of English proficiency.Integrated writing adds an element not found in traditional independent writing:the use of source text material.Recently,concern has been raised that over-reliance on source texts in integrated writing may lead to plagiarism as well as inaccurate assessment which calls for further investigation.Research on L2 students’writing using sources has broadened its focus from transgressive citing practices to stages of skill development in this complicated literacy,the successive challenges students face,and how instruction might be of benefit.Previous literature mainly focused on source use in academic writing and seldom considered summary writing in standardized tests,while summary strategy is particularly important in standardized tests,in which summary accounts for a significant part of the assessment criteria.Given that a series of previous literature have indicated that source text use,source texts,and prompts are associated with the quality of summary writing,this article reviews the source text borrowing in the summary of integrated writing to further explore the relationship between some variables and the quality of summary writing and therefore finds some research gaps in this field.
文摘Objective: To search, evaluate and integrate the best domestic and foreign evidence on the preoperative pre-rehabilitation of lung cancer patients with COPD, and summarize the best evidence. Methods: Cochrane Library, BMJ Best Practice, JBI Center for International Cooperation in Evidence-Based Health Care Library, and Up to were searched by computer system Date, Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, Evidence-Based Health Care Center Database (JBI), American Guidenet, Global Guidenet, CNKI, CMBM, Wanfang, and VIP databases on preoperative pre-rehabilitation of patients with lung cancer and COPD. Literature screening and quality evaluation were conducted independently by two researchers, and evidence was extracted, summarized and summarized according to the theme. Results: A total of 13 kinds of literature were included, including 4 guidelines, 4 systematic reviews, 3 evidence summaries, and 2 expert consensus articles. This paper summarizes 44 best evidence on pre-rehabilitation of lung cancer patients with COPD, including 8 aspects: pre-rehabilitation content and principle, pre-rehabilitation assessment, exercise rehabilitation, nutrition management, psychological guidance, health education, multidisciplinary cooperation, quality control and follow-up. Conclusion: The best evidence of preoperative pre-rehabilitation for patients with lung cancer complicated with COPD is rich in content, and needs to be selected according to the characteristics of the hospital and the clinical environment. Some of the evidence still needs to be confirmed by higher-quality studies. .
文摘Objective: To summarize the best evidence for the evaluation and management of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in cancer patients, so as to promote the standardized management of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. Methods: A computer search was conducted for all evidence on chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting interventions, including guidelines, expert consensus, best clinical practice information booklet, recommended practice, evidence summary, and systematic review. The search period is from April 30, 2022. After the literature quality evaluation, the evidence extraction and summary of the literature meeting the quality standards. Results: A total of 16 literatures were included, including 9 guidelines, 5 systematic reviews and 2 expert consensus papers. 46 pieces of best evidence on the assessment and management of chemotherapy related nausea and vomiting in cancer patients were summarized, including 6 aspects including risk assessment and management, non-drug management, drug management, multidisciplinary cooperation, education and training, and health education. Conclusion: This study summarized the current best evidence on the assessment and management of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. Clinical staff should apply evidence according to specific clinical scenarios, professional skills and patients’ wishes in order to reduce the degree and incidence of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in cancer patients and improve the quality of care.
文摘The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases （CVDs） is associated with the socioeconomic prosperity, lifestyle changes, accelerated process of ageing and urbanization. The prevalence of CVDs is continuously increasing in China and will remain an upward trend in the next 10 years. CVDs are the leading cause of death for Chinese in both urban area and rural area. Nowadays, 41.09% of deaths in rural area and 42.52% of deaths in urban area are caused by CVDs in China. The burden of CVDs remains heavy and has become an important public health problem. Effective strategies should be enforced urgently for the prevention of CVDs under the supervision of the government. In 2012, the Ministry of Health of China and 14 governmental departments jointly issued the Work Plan for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control in China （2012-2015）, a guideline for the prevention of chronic diseases, especially CVDs in China.
文摘Objective:The extremely low incidence of male breast cancer (MBC) leads to lack of prospective randomized phase III studies worldwide. Especially in China,all studies on Chinese patients with MBC were based on small sample size and single institute experience. The aim of this study was to provide overall view of characteristics of Chinese patients with MBC by means of summarizing all related papers published in Chinese journals. Methods: An online search was made in CBM,VIP,CNKI,and CBA databases to find all published articles of interest on Chinese patients with MBC. And eight subjects including the proportion of MBC in all breast cancer,age,tumor location,clinical stages,pathological subtypes,treatment modalities,ER/PR expression,and 5-year survival rate were selected to calculate the proportion and their 95% interval confidence. Results: There were 122 papers with 2584 patients enrolled. The basic features of Chinese patients with MBC included:(1) MBC only with a proportion of 1.06% of all the breast cancer; (2) The mean age at diagnosis was 57.6 years old; (3) Tumor mainly located in the areolar region (74.83%) with obvious nipple and/or skin involvement; (4) Nearly 62.62% patients were in early stage before accepting treatment; (5) Infiltrating ductal carcinoma accounted for 79.05% of all pathological subtypes; (6) ER/PR expression rate was 65.86%; (7) Radical resection was up to 86.06% in all surgical modalities; (8) The 5-year survival rate was 57.33%. Conclusion: The results showed in this study were an overall view of Chinese patients with MBC whose characteristics were similar to that reported in the West. Though this study provided a little bit stronger confidence than a single study collected in this paper,studies with more powerful evidence are urgently demanding in China.
文摘On the“International Conference on Power SystemTechnology,1991”,a panel discussion on Dis-patcher Training Simulator(DTS)was held.Since DTS is a very in-teresting topic both in China and abroad,not only many audienceswere attracted by this panel discussion,they also raised many inter-esting questions and discussed with the panelists.Highlights of thefour papers presented by panelists as well as their related discus-sions are summarized below.
文摘According to the power system planning in China,500kV transmission line will be the trunks in all regionalnetworks except the Northwest China System.Due to short ofcapital resources,however,most of those 500 kV transmissionlines are and will be operating in single circuit for quite a long pe-riod of time.So,to use the live working techniques on 500 kVlines is an important problem for study.Actually,we had already begun our study on live workingon 500 kV transmission line several years prior to the
文摘Note-taking and Summary Writing reflects the true nature of listening comprehension in communication,represents a true and relatively overall picture of the college students' communicative language ability.It has high validity,acceptable reliability and positive washback effect,and thus is a promising alternative to Multiple Choice as a listening test method in some large-scale tests.
文摘In ordcr to asscss the school attendance status of children aged 7-14 to determine the causes of non-at-tendance,and to formulate appropriate policics for the implementation of the ninc-ycar compulsory cduca-tion programme,a sample survcy on school--agc:children was carried out in Jianhc,Lcishan and Taijang,Guizhou Province in October 1993.
