The knowledge of contemporary climatic change over the Qinghai Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QXP) has been inadequate for a long time due to lack of enough observational data. In this paper, on the basis of monthly tempera...The knowledge of contemporary climatic change over the Qinghai Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QXP) has been inadequate for a long time due to lack of enough observational data. In this paper, on the basis of monthly temperature and precipitation data in 1961-1990 from 48 stations on the QXP, the temperature data are extended backward to 1901 with an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method, microscopic characteristics of contemporary climatic change over the QXP are analyzed, and the response of the plateau climate to global warming is discussed in combination with atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) outputs. The results show that the plateau climate, as a whole, has been warming since the early part of this century, that the precipitation has generally been increasing during the recent 30 years, and that these climatic trends seem to be related to the enhanced green house effect induced by increasing CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere.展开更多
Land degradation and desertification have become severe environmental problems in arid areas due to excessive use of water resources. It is urgent to reduce agricultural water use for ecological rehabilitation, which ...Land degradation and desertification have become severe environmental problems in arid areas due to excessive use of water resources. It is urgent to reduce agricultural water use for ecological rehabilitation, which may result in a decrease in agricultural production and farmer＇s welfare. This paper focused on the impacts of some main measures including extensions of watersaving irrigation, expanding solar green house and increasing off-farm employment, which are generally recognized to be important to alleviate water shortage and poverty. A bioconomic model is applied taking Minqin Oasis in Gansu Province as a case study site. Simulation results showed that the effect of expanding solar greenhouse was more positive than other ones so it drew more attention. On the view of the different effects between each irrigation zone, mixed policy patterns suitable for them are suggested. In Baqu, expanding solar greenhouse should be the most important, auxiliary with encouraging pipe irrigation. Inversely, with regard to Quanshan, the major attention should be paid to subsidy for pipe irrigation and it would be better to supply the off-farm employment opportunities to the households in Huqu, where the expanding of solar greenhouse should also be summoned. Finally, it should be noted that farmer＇s income would only resume to 90% of the current level in the short run by putting more effort into local policies. Thus, the ecological compensation is needed to ensure farmer＇s welfare.展开更多
Starting from the supposition of time-space substitution, the Langbein-Schumm's Law was applied to deal with response of fluvial erosion System to the changes in mean annual Precipitation induced by global green-h...Starting from the supposition of time-space substitution, the Langbein-Schumm's Law was applied to deal with response of fluvial erosion System to the changes in mean annual Precipitation induced by global green-house warming. As a result, a simple method was put forward to predict change in sediment yield, with Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in the northern fringe of the Loess Plateau of China as an example. Results show that, even the change in mean annual precipitation is the same, the direction and magnitude of the resultant chang in sediment yteld would be quite different in fferent physico-geographical zones. When mean annual precipitation is increased, sediment yield in arid or semi-arid areas with a mean anntal Peripitation of less than 400 mm will be increased, while sediment yield in sub-humid or humid areas with a mean annual precipitation of more than 400 mm will be decreased.Additionally, the complex response of fluvial erosion system in time series due to the lag of change in vegetation behind the changn in precipitation has also been qualitatively discussed in this paper.展开更多
Prefabricated residential building design fully embodies the concept of green building and aligns with China’s strategic plan for sustainable development.However,there is a need to further optimize green building des...Prefabricated residential building design fully embodies the concept of green building and aligns with China’s strategic plan for sustainable development.However,there is a need to further optimize green building design methods,enhance the design quality of prefabricated residential buildings,and improve energy and resource utilization.Compared to traditional construction methods,prefabricated residential building design still faces several challenges during the actual construction process.These challenges include difficulties in design,material selection and processing,and the high demands for construction coordination.To strengthen the application of green building concepts in prefabricated residential design and effectively promote the sustainable development of the construction industry,this paper discusses practical measures for implementing green building design in prefabricated residential projects for reference.展开更多
Many kinds of factors that influence rural housing construction in Northern China are analyzed systematically and the connections between them are weighed from ecology and sustainable angles, so that an optimized gree...Many kinds of factors that influence rural housing construction in Northern China are analyzed systematically and the connections between them are weighed from ecology and sustainable angles, so that an optimized green house can be built. At the same time, the energy efficient envelope structure and the method of choosing insulation material in the cost of unit thermal resistance are proposed. Integrated quality evaluation by computer shows that thermal comfort in the house would be improved remarkably for the value of PPD drops from 35%-40% to 15%, the rate of saving energy is 51.73%, much higher than the third goal of saving energy in China, and the comprehensive ecological benefit achieves good effect so as to promote the sustainable development of rural housing and community in cold areas of Northern China.展开更多
The building construction industry is a major contributor of environmental pollution, with high levels of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, all of which contribute to climate change. Housing is the sing...The building construction industry is a major contributor of environmental pollution, with high levels of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, all of which contribute to climate change. Housing is the single largest subsector of the construction industry. It is also a basic need associated with social and economic benefits, and its demand in most emerging economies is substantial. Hence it is a sector with significant potential not to mitigate just the negative impact of climate change on buildings and people, but also to reduce the impact of the construction industry on the natural environment. Green buildings technology has advanced greatly in recent years, but most “high performance” green buildings are capital intensive, often with high-tech applications that are not in easy reach of the mass housing market. In the developing country context, where huge segments of the population lack access to essential services or housing, the green buildings approach to addressing climate change is perceived to be largely unaffordable. For green technology to be adopted in poorer nations and have scalable impact, it will have to be low-cost and affordable. According to a 2010 report, buildings in the commercial, office and hospitality sectors are poised to grow at 8% annually over the next 10 years in India. While the retail sector has been growing rapidly at 8% per annum, the residential sector has seen growth of 5% per annum during this period. It is estimated that over 70 million New Urban Housing Units will be required over the next 20 Years.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> With rising health risks escalating from temperatures in the Global South, the shortage of essential indoor cooling is frequently seen as a dimension of energy poverty...<div style="text-align:justify;"> With rising health risks escalating from temperatures in the Global South, the shortage of essential indoor cooling is frequently seen as a dimension of energy poverty and human wellbeing. As a result, this study assessed ventilation and passive cooling in Jakande, Lagos Housing estate to design social housing that integrates proper cross ventilation and cooling. A total of 1215 housing units in the estate were used for the sampling frame. Based on the survey, the authors proposed an analytical housing design equipped with urban greenery that allows for free air movement with minimal thermal discomfort. The design methodology aids continuous cooling within the housing envelope and also improves aesthetics and landscaping within the environment. </div>展开更多
JIANGNAN or regions south of the Yangtze River’s lower reaches, is an area with green hills and limpid waters. It has long been the epitome of natural beauty and fertility. Waterways are the main means of transportat...JIANGNAN or regions south of the Yangtze River’s lower reaches, is an area with green hills and limpid waters. It has long been the epitome of natural beauty and fertility. Waterways are the main means of transportation here as the land is divided by canals into a checkerboard. Under these natural conditions, locals designed and built their houses in a unique way, the design of which gave rise to the Suzhou traditional folk house architectural style. The houses are usually not wide and have a deep interior. The layout and scale of each house varies, depending on the wealth of its owner. When seen from a distance, the cluster of houses presents an irregular beauty densely decorating the small areas of land in the region.展开更多
To suppress the global environment pollutions, we tried to develop a new-type solar drying house by improving a typical agricultural green-house, so that an all weather-type solar drying house was invented ultimately....To suppress the global environment pollutions, we tried to develop a new-type solar drying house by improving a typical agricultural green-house, so that an all weather-type solar drying house was invented ultimately. This house is capable to dry raw wood materials (Ogako) into suitable moisture content (Mc) to make a wood pellet. The all weather-type solar Ogako drying house is covered with a triple transparent film, and an open/close free-type shield sheet is spread along with house’s inner surface with a small space, which is opened when solar radiation is incident on the house in daytime and closed to prevent heat loss from the house while out of sun shining in night. Inside of the all weather-type solar Ogako drying house, there are four belt-conveyors over which four top radiation panels are hanged, and on which four Ogako agitators are touched, a turn-table, two hoppers, four small fans, and besides, a floor heating is molded in concrete floor. Also on the north wall outside the house, two insulated cylinders (chimney) are stood up vertically to exhaust inside moist air passively. Then, to make clearly the operation performance of the house, the drying tests for the proof examination were conducted nineteen times at first test site in Ashoro where is located east-central part of Hokkaido, Japan. As a result of the drying test for the proof examination, it was made clear that the all weather-type solar Ogako drying house is practically useful as a supplementary apparatus to produce the dried Ogako, and consequently to suppress CO2 exhaustion.展开更多
Compliance to local energy efficiency strategies can significantly reduce energy consumption in buildings and promote sustainability. However, Nigeria Building Energy Efficiency Code (BEEC) seems to be just paper work...Compliance to local energy efficiency strategies can significantly reduce energy consumption in buildings and promote sustainability. However, Nigeria Building Energy Efficiency Code (BEEC) seems to be just paper work without enforcement or compliance. Assessment of Compliance to Green Building Energy Efficiency Strategies in the Development of Housing Estates in FCC, Abuja Nigeria was carried out. The compliance of estate buildings to BEEC in the study area was assessed;and the aspects of the building energy efficiency strategies with more compliance were determined. Data were mainly from primary sources such as questionnaire survey, interview with key informants and observation. The study population included all estate developers and building construction professionals. Data were gathered from one hundred and fifty (150) building professionals through questionnaire administration. Data collected were analysed using Z score and ANOVA and presented in tables. Results show that only 18% of respondents agreed that building complied with BEEC, and the Z score for positive affirmation is below average score. There is a significant difference in the integration of different energy efficient management strategies in the estates’ construction at 95% confidence level. The integration of measures such as window to wall ratio and window shading’ were significantly higher than other BEEC strategies such as roof insulation and minimal air condition unit (≤EER/COP of 2.8). Thus, the development of estates in FCC Abuja did not achieve energy efficiency.展开更多
文摘The knowledge of contemporary climatic change over the Qinghai Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QXP) has been inadequate for a long time due to lack of enough observational data. In this paper, on the basis of monthly temperature and precipitation data in 1961-1990 from 48 stations on the QXP, the temperature data are extended backward to 1901 with an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method, microscopic characteristics of contemporary climatic change over the QXP are analyzed, and the response of the plateau climate to global warming is discussed in combination with atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) outputs. The results show that the plateau climate, as a whole, has been warming since the early part of this century, that the precipitation has generally been increasing during the recent 30 years, and that these climatic trends seem to be related to the enhanced green house effect induced by increasing CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere.
基金the Grant for Outstanding Hundred Scholars of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Land degradation and desertification have become severe environmental problems in arid areas due to excessive use of water resources. It is urgent to reduce agricultural water use for ecological rehabilitation, which may result in a decrease in agricultural production and farmer＇s welfare. This paper focused on the impacts of some main measures including extensions of watersaving irrigation, expanding solar green house and increasing off-farm employment, which are generally recognized to be important to alleviate water shortage and poverty. A bioconomic model is applied taking Minqin Oasis in Gansu Province as a case study site. Simulation results showed that the effect of expanding solar greenhouse was more positive than other ones so it drew more attention. On the view of the different effects between each irrigation zone, mixed policy patterns suitable for them are suggested. In Baqu, expanding solar greenhouse should be the most important, auxiliary with encouraging pipe irrigation. Inversely, with regard to Quanshan, the major attention should be paid to subsidy for pipe irrigation and it would be better to supply the off-farm employment opportunities to the households in Huqu, where the expanding of solar greenhouse should also be summoned. Finally, it should be noted that farmer＇s income would only resume to 90% of the current level in the short run by putting more effort into local policies. Thus, the ecological compensation is needed to ensure farmer＇s welfare.
文摘Starting from the supposition of time-space substitution, the Langbein-Schumm's Law was applied to deal with response of fluvial erosion System to the changes in mean annual Precipitation induced by global green-house warming. As a result, a simple method was put forward to predict change in sediment yield, with Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in the northern fringe of the Loess Plateau of China as an example. Results show that, even the change in mean annual precipitation is the same, the direction and magnitude of the resultant chang in sediment yteld would be quite different in fferent physico-geographical zones. When mean annual precipitation is increased, sediment yield in arid or semi-arid areas with a mean anntal Peripitation of less than 400 mm will be increased, while sediment yield in sub-humid or humid areas with a mean annual precipitation of more than 400 mm will be decreased.Additionally, the complex response of fluvial erosion system in time series due to the lag of change in vegetation behind the changn in precipitation has also been qualitatively discussed in this paper.
文摘Prefabricated residential building design fully embodies the concept of green building and aligns with China’s strategic plan for sustainable development.However,there is a need to further optimize green building design methods,enhance the design quality of prefabricated residential buildings,and improve energy and resource utilization.Compared to traditional construction methods,prefabricated residential building design still faces several challenges during the actual construction process.These challenges include difficulties in design,material selection and processing,and the high demands for construction coordination.To strengthen the application of green building concepts in prefabricated residential design and effectively promote the sustainable development of the construction industry,this paper discusses practical measures for implementing green building design in prefabricated residential projects for reference.
文摘Many kinds of factors that influence rural housing construction in Northern China are analyzed systematically and the connections between them are weighed from ecology and sustainable angles, so that an optimized green house can be built. At the same time, the energy efficient envelope structure and the method of choosing insulation material in the cost of unit thermal resistance are proposed. Integrated quality evaluation by computer shows that thermal comfort in the house would be improved remarkably for the value of PPD drops from 35%-40% to 15%, the rate of saving energy is 51.73%, much higher than the third goal of saving energy in China, and the comprehensive ecological benefit achieves good effect so as to promote the sustainable development of rural housing and community in cold areas of Northern China.
文摘The building construction industry is a major contributor of environmental pollution, with high levels of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, all of which contribute to climate change. Housing is the single largest subsector of the construction industry. It is also a basic need associated with social and economic benefits, and its demand in most emerging economies is substantial. Hence it is a sector with significant potential not to mitigate just the negative impact of climate change on buildings and people, but also to reduce the impact of the construction industry on the natural environment. Green buildings technology has advanced greatly in recent years, but most “high performance” green buildings are capital intensive, often with high-tech applications that are not in easy reach of the mass housing market. In the developing country context, where huge segments of the population lack access to essential services or housing, the green buildings approach to addressing climate change is perceived to be largely unaffordable. For green technology to be adopted in poorer nations and have scalable impact, it will have to be low-cost and affordable. According to a 2010 report, buildings in the commercial, office and hospitality sectors are poised to grow at 8% annually over the next 10 years in India. While the retail sector has been growing rapidly at 8% per annum, the residential sector has seen growth of 5% per annum during this period. It is estimated that over 70 million New Urban Housing Units will be required over the next 20 Years.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> With rising health risks escalating from temperatures in the Global South, the shortage of essential indoor cooling is frequently seen as a dimension of energy poverty and human wellbeing. As a result, this study assessed ventilation and passive cooling in Jakande, Lagos Housing estate to design social housing that integrates proper cross ventilation and cooling. A total of 1215 housing units in the estate were used for the sampling frame. Based on the survey, the authors proposed an analytical housing design equipped with urban greenery that allows for free air movement with minimal thermal discomfort. The design methodology aids continuous cooling within the housing envelope and also improves aesthetics and landscaping within the environment. </div>
文摘JIANGNAN or regions south of the Yangtze River’s lower reaches, is an area with green hills and limpid waters. It has long been the epitome of natural beauty and fertility. Waterways are the main means of transportation here as the land is divided by canals into a checkerboard. Under these natural conditions, locals designed and built their houses in a unique way, the design of which gave rise to the Suzhou traditional folk house architectural style. The houses are usually not wide and have a deep interior. The layout and scale of each house varies, depending on the wealth of its owner. When seen from a distance, the cluster of houses presents an irregular beauty densely decorating the small areas of land in the region.
文摘To suppress the global environment pollutions, we tried to develop a new-type solar drying house by improving a typical agricultural green-house, so that an all weather-type solar drying house was invented ultimately. This house is capable to dry raw wood materials (Ogako) into suitable moisture content (Mc) to make a wood pellet. The all weather-type solar Ogako drying house is covered with a triple transparent film, and an open/close free-type shield sheet is spread along with house’s inner surface with a small space, which is opened when solar radiation is incident on the house in daytime and closed to prevent heat loss from the house while out of sun shining in night. Inside of the all weather-type solar Ogako drying house, there are four belt-conveyors over which four top radiation panels are hanged, and on which four Ogako agitators are touched, a turn-table, two hoppers, four small fans, and besides, a floor heating is molded in concrete floor. Also on the north wall outside the house, two insulated cylinders (chimney) are stood up vertically to exhaust inside moist air passively. Then, to make clearly the operation performance of the house, the drying tests for the proof examination were conducted nineteen times at first test site in Ashoro where is located east-central part of Hokkaido, Japan. As a result of the drying test for the proof examination, it was made clear that the all weather-type solar Ogako drying house is practically useful as a supplementary apparatus to produce the dried Ogako, and consequently to suppress CO2 exhaustion.
文摘Compliance to local energy efficiency strategies can significantly reduce energy consumption in buildings and promote sustainability. However, Nigeria Building Energy Efficiency Code (BEEC) seems to be just paper work without enforcement or compliance. Assessment of Compliance to Green Building Energy Efficiency Strategies in the Development of Housing Estates in FCC, Abuja Nigeria was carried out. The compliance of estate buildings to BEEC in the study area was assessed;and the aspects of the building energy efficiency strategies with more compliance were determined. Data were mainly from primary sources such as questionnaire survey, interview with key informants and observation. The study population included all estate developers and building construction professionals. Data were gathered from one hundred and fifty (150) building professionals through questionnaire administration. Data collected were analysed using Z score and ANOVA and presented in tables. Results show that only 18% of respondents agreed that building complied with BEEC, and the Z score for positive affirmation is below average score. There is a significant difference in the integration of different energy efficient management strategies in the estates’ construction at 95% confidence level. The integration of measures such as window to wall ratio and window shading’ were significantly higher than other BEEC strategies such as roof insulation and minimal air condition unit (≤EER/COP of 2.8). Thus, the development of estates in FCC Abuja did not achieve energy efficiency.
