20 years'development of super rice in China--The 20th anniversary of the super rice in China

Rice （Oryza sativa L.） is originated from Asia and more than 90% of rice is produced inAsia. As the most important cereal crop in the world, rice is the staple food for over 1/3 global population, while this proportion is over 60% in Asia （Wan 2010）. In order to maintain the most important role that rice has played in Asian agriculture and ensure food security in the world, especially in Asia,

Super Rice Cropping Will Enhance Rice Yield and Reduce CH_4 Emission:A Case Study in Nanjing,China

A pot experiment was performed to learn the differences in plant productivity and OH4 emission between two rice cultivars, super rice variety Ningjing 1 and traditional variety Zhendao 11, which were currently commercially appUed in Nanjing, China. Similar seasonal changes of CH4 emission fluxes and soil solution CH4 contents were found between the tested cultivars. Although there was no significant difference in plant biomass production between the cultivars, the grain yield of Ningjing 1 was significantly higher by 35.0% （P 〈 0.05） than that of Zhendao 11, whereas the total CH4 emission from Ningjing 1 was 35.2% lower （P 〈 0.05）. The main difference in the amounts of CH4 emission between the cultivars occurred in the period from the tillering stage to the heading stage. The biomass-scaled and yield-scaled CH4 emissions were respectively 3.8 and 5.2 mg/g for Ningjing 1, significantly lower than those for Zhendao 11 （7.4 and 12.8 mg/g, respectively）. According to the relationships between the plant growth characteristics and the CH4 emission, a stronger root system contributed mainly to the lower CH4 emission of Ningjing 1, as compared with Zhendao 11. Our results demonstrated that super rice has advantages not only in grain productivity but also in CH4 emission mitigation. Further expansion of super rice cropping will enhance rice yield and reduce greenhouse gas emission in China.

Super Rice Breeding in China

1. Dernand for super high yield rice in ChinaRice is one of the main staple food in China. Theperformance of rice sector in production and yield had been

Studies on the Morphological Characters of South China Double Cropping Super Rice at the Active Tillering Stage

The morphological characters of the newly released super hybrid rice in South China, Yueza 122, Fengyou 428, Peiza 67, and super conventional varieties, Guangchao 3, Shengtai 1 at the active tillering stage in both early and late crops were investigated. Using the analysis of variance and other statistic methods, the ideal morphological characteristics of South China double cropping super-rice at the active tillering stage were determined. They are 55-60 cm in the early crop and 60-76 cm in the late crop for the ideal plant height, about 15 tillers in the early crop and 14-19 tillers in the late crop for the ideal tiller number per plant, 40-44 cm in the early crop and 42-60 cm in the late crop for the ideal length of the first leaf under the top leaf, 1.2-1.4 cm in the early crop and 1.2-1.3cm in the late crop for the ideal width of the first leaf under the top leaf, 39- 44 cm in the early crop and 37-43 cm in the late crop for the ideal length of the second leaf under the top leaf, 1.1-1.4 cm in the early crop and about 1.1 cm in the late crop for the ideal width of the second leaf under the top leaf, 22-58o in the early crop and 4- 12o in the late crop for the ideal top leaf angle at the active tillering stage. Based on these results, a new concept of “dynamic plant type structure” for South China double cropping super rice breeding was suggested.

Plant Ideotype at Heading for Super High-Yielding Rice in Double-Cropping System in South China

The newly released super high-yielding hybrid rice combinations, Yueza 122, Fengyou 428, Peiza 67, and the super high-yielding conventional cultivars, Guangchao 3 and Shengtai 1, were grown in both early and late seasons. The morphological characters of each population were investigated at the heading stage, and the data were analyzed by using ANOVY and other statistic methods. The plant ideal morphological characters at the heading stage were established as follows： 1 ） for the early-season cropping, 90-105 cm plant height; 11-12 tillers per plant; 35-40 em length and 2.1-2.2 cm width of flag leaf; 46-50 cm length and 1.8-2.1 cm width of the second leaf from the top （L2）; 59-64 cm length and 1.4-1.9 cm width of the third leaf from the top （L3）; 7°-14°, 18° and 200-33° for the ideal leaf angles of the flag leaf, L2 and L3, respectively; 2） for the late-season cropping, 90-100 cm plant height; 9-15 tillers per plant; 30-41 cm length and 1.8-2.0 cm width of flag leaf; 53-61 cm length and 1.3-1.8 cm width of L2; 52-58 cm length and 1.2-1.5 cm width of L3; 9°-19°, 15°-37° and 16°-49° for the ideal leaf angles of the flag leaf, L2 and L3, respectively. The main physiological characteristics of these varieties were also analyzed.

Bumper harvest of super rice in south and north China

Recently,a great progress was made in breeding and cul-tivation of super rice in China.The South DemonstrationAcceptance Meeting of China Super Rice was held in Oct17,2000 in Xinchang County,Zhejiang Province.Yieldmonitoring group organized by the Department of Science,Technology and Education,Ministry of Agriculture,Chi-na,was consisting of famous rice research scientists,a-gricultural technology extension experts,and governmentofficials.In the demonstration meeting,the group investi-gated the rice growth of the demonstration field of the im-

The Major Ore Clusters of Super-Large Iron Deposits in the World, Present Situation of Iron Resources in China, and Prospect

The metamorphosed sedimentary type of iron deposits（BIF） is the most important type of iron deposits in the world, and super-large iron ore clusters of this type include the Quadrilatero Ferrifero district and Carajas in Brazil, Hamersley in Australia, Kursk in Russia, Central Province of India and Anshan-Benxi in China. Subordinated types of iron deposits are magmatic, volcanic-hosted and sedimentary ones. This paper briefly introduces the geological characteristics of major super-large iron ore clusters in the world. The proven reserves of iron ores in China are relatively abundant, but they are mainly low-grade ores. Moreover, a considerate part of iron ores are difficult to utilize for their difficult ore dressing, deep burial or other reasons. Iron ore deposits are relatively concentrated in 11 metallogenic provinces（belts）, such as the Anshan-Benxi, eastern Hebei, Xichang-Central Yunnan Province and middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River. The main minerogenetic epoches vary widely from the Archean to Quaternary, and are mainly the Late Archean to Middle Proterozoic, Variscan, and Yanshanian periods. The main 7 genetic types of iron deposits in China are metamorphosed sedimentary type（BIF）, magmatic type, volcanic-hosted type, skarn type, hydrothermal type, sedimentary type and weathered leaching type. The iron-rich ores occur predominantly in the skarn and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits, locally in the metamorphosed sedimentary type（BIF） as hydrothermal reformation products. The theory of minerogenetic series of mineral deposits and minerogenic models has applied in investigation and prospecting of iron ore deposits. A combination of deep analyses of aeromagnetic anomalies and geomagnetic anomalies, with gravity anomalies are an effective method to seeking large and deep-buried iron deposits. China has a relatively great oresearching potential of iron ores, especially for metamorphosed sedimentary, skarn, and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits. For the lower guarantee degree of iron and steel industry, China should give a trading and open the foreign mining markets.

中国城市能源效率空间演化特征及影响因素——基于两阶段Super SBM的分析

基于两阶段Super SBM构建能源效率测度模型,分析2005年和2015年中国城市能源效率的空间演化特征,并从外部环境和内生因素两方面剖析能源效率空间演化的影响因素。结果表明:(1)中国城市能源效率较高且多年不断提升,空间分异总体上呈两纵一横的“H”型格局,能源效率具有显著的空间正相关性,且相关程度有所提升;(2)纯技术效率变化与能源效率之间存在显著的正向推动作用,技术进步变化与能源效率之间则存在显著抑制作用;(3)经济发展、产业结构和城市化是影响全国及各地区城市能源效率的共性因素,而科技创新、对外开放、环境规制、能源价格是影响全国及各地区城市能源效率的差别性因素。

江苏省国家自然科学基金绩效评价——基于Almon多项式和Super-SBM模型

基于Almon多项式和Super-SBM模型,对江苏国家自然科学基金投入情况进行绩效评价。首先,为保证数据可靠性,运用Almon多项式确定指标体系滞后期为4年;其次,选取2009-2014年投入数据、2013-2018年产出数据,运用Super-SBM模型以弥补径向DEA的不足进行绩效评价,并针对非DEA有效年份进行投影分析,以明确改善方向。研究发现:技术与管理等因素为提升绩效发挥了积极作用,发展规模不完善和产出短缺是阻碍绩效进一步提升的关键。根据绩效结果分析非DEA无效年份的内在原因。最后,根据分析结果提出其提升绩效的建议。

中国三大城市群生态经济效率的时空演变及收敛性分析

基于2006—2020年中国三大城市群48个地级市数据,综合运用Super-SBM模型、Malmquist指数及收敛模型,系统考察中国三大城市群生态经济效率的时空演变和收敛特征。结果表明:(1)京津冀城市群生态经济效率水平呈上升趋势,长三角城市群趋于平稳,珠三角城市群呈下降态势;三大城市群生态经济效率的空间演变存在差异,主要表现为珠三角城市群呈现由“面”向“点”转变的趋势、长三角城市群呈“三点”分布状并逐步向外发散、京津冀城市群则以北京市为起点并逐步向南发展。(2)京津冀与长三角城市群存在σ收敛特征,珠三角城市群不存在σ收敛;三大城市群均存在绝对β收敛和条件β收敛,但收敛速度不一。

Analysis of Doppler Radar Data about a Super Monomer Hailstorms in the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

[Objective] The Doppler radar data about a super monomer hailstorms in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Zhongchuan Airport in the Lanzhou City on September 6,2010 was studied.[Method] By dint of routine data and radar data,the low vortex shear line type and the super monomer hailstorm around the Zhongchuan Airport in the Lanzhou City on September 6,2010 were expounded.Basic product and secondary product of Doppler radar were used in this process to reflect the characteristics of strong convection weather.Some characteristics of this process shall be explored.[Result] A small gush of cold air from the cold vortex of 500 hPa in the middle and high layer provided impacts.The warm shear line provided water vapor and energy in the 700 hPa.There was strong convective weather in the upper air.Such 10 minutes of hailstorm was rarely seen in the drought land in the northwest.The characteristics of the strong convection were distinct and typical.The front showed no echo form.However,it can not be reflected in 'strong wedge' in another form.In this process,characteristics of BWER and middle scale cyclone were distinct.And this was a typical hailstorm process caused by super monomer.[Conclusion] The study provided some helpful references for the forecast of strong convection weather in the Zhongchuan Airport in Lanzhou City.

基于超效率SBM模型的东北三省城市土地利用效率时空差异及影响因素

[目的]探究东北三省城市土地利用效率时空差异及影响因素,为东北三省和其他欠发达地区的城市高质量发展和优化国土空间格局提供借鉴参考。[方法]运用超效率SBM模型、非参数核密度估计以及Tobit回归模型对2010—2020年东北三省城市土地利用效率时空差异及影响因素进行分析。[结果](1)从时间演变特征来看,东北三省城市土地利用效率均值呈显著上升趋势,但整体水平不高;从空间演变特征来看,区域差异显著,低值区城市数量大幅度减少,高值区城市增多,高值区城市分布范围从黑龙江覆盖至东北三省全域。(2)从时序动态演进特征来看,研究期间不同时段内三大省份城市土地利用效率的极化程度、效率差异和发展水平都呈现出不同的动态演进特征。(3)从影响因素分析来看,各变量对辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三省城市土地利用效率的影响程度和作用方向有所差异,人力资本、科教支出、经济发展水平、对外开放程度、产业结构、交通基础设施和城镇化率具有促进作用,环境规制具有抑制作用。[结论]实现城市高质量发展和土地集约高效利用,各城市应因地制宜、因城施策,从刺激经济增长、产业结构优化升级、优化营商环境、做好人才和资金引进工作等方面系统推进。

基于对标分析的城市超级IP打造路径选择——以“中国铜艺之都”为例

科学运用超级IP思维有助于相关城市实现超常规、跨越式发展,更能帮助铜陵等资源枯竭型城市实现转型发展。在总结和借鉴标杆经验的基础上,结合铜陵市政策和相关实践的现状,通过战略定位、备选方案和IP内容三个层面的分析,提出立足铜工业的同时发展相关IP产业,并侧重于基于铜工艺打造产品类IP为主、内容类IP为辅的“中国铜艺之都”超级IP的具体路径建议。相关研究结论对借助打造城市超级IP实现超常规高质量发展、最终实现共同富裕具有理论依据意义和实践指导价值。

基于四种资料的超强台风利奇马(1909)期间海面风变化特征对比分析

本文对海洋气象漂流观测仪实测、CMA最佳路径数据集、第5代全球气象再分析产品(ERA5)、交叉检验多平台融合矢量风场(CCMP)四种资料的海面风在超强台风“利奇马”期间的变化特征进行分析。ERA5、CCMP两种分析/再分析风资料与实测风的对比分析表明:(1)风速:当风力<10级时,漂流观测仪轨迹上的ERA5、CCMP风速较漂流观测仪实测风速偏小;将漂流观测仪实测风速订正到10 m高度,风力≤5级时偏差(Bias)绝对值最小,ERA5(CCMP)为4.3 m s^(-1)(4.6 m s^(-1)),风力为7~9级时Bias绝对值最大,约9.2~10.2 m s^(-1);“利奇马”近中心海域ERA5、CCMP最大风速较CMA最佳路径数据集偏小,ERA5(CCMP)偏小约10.7 m s^(-1)(4.6 m s^(-1));ERA5(CCMP)最大风速极值较CMA最佳路径数据集偏低54.5%(12.7%)。(2)风向:ERA5、CCMP与漂流观测仪实测风向相关系数接近于0;风力≤5级时风向较实测偏右,风力>5级时偏左。(3)ERA5、CCMP风向、风速在“利奇马”近中心海域偏差明显,远离中心海域二者吻合度较高。通过对ERA5、CCMP资料进一步分析发现:CCMP能清楚描述热带气旋风场结构及演变过程,“利奇马”为超强台风时结构参数η=Vr/Vmax分布上有闭合环状结构,表明该区域有环状大风速带;“利奇马”强迫时间T_f分布于移动路径两侧,ERA5(CCMP)最大强迫时间为45 h(54 h)。

基于超效率SBM模型及Malmquist指数的西北农业生产效率测度分析

采用超效率SBM模型以及Malmquist指数,分别从静态和动态对2008—2022年西北地区的农业生产率进行分析;通过对生产效率进行分解、投影分析,找出影响生产效率的原因,以期提升西北地区的农业生产效率,推动农业发展,助力乡村振兴。结果表明:西北地区整体未实现数据包络模型(DEA)有效,对农业资源的利用还有提升空间;规模效率低是西北地区未实现DEA有效的主要原因,说明农业生产的规模报酬呈现递减趋势未能形成规模效应;进一步对投入要素进行投影分析,农作物总播种面积和有效灌溉面积冗余度最高;西北地区全要素生产率年均增长11.5%,其中贡献最大的是技术进步,说明西北地区全要素生产率的提高主要倚赖于农业技术的进步。

生态环境视角下东北地区冰雪旅游发展效率评估及影响因素分析

近年来,随着冰雪旅游产业的快速发展,我国东北地区凭借丰富的冰雪资源,成为冰雪旅游的重要目的地。如何提升冰雪旅游的整体发展效率、实现资源的可持续开发,成为当前亟待解决的问题。本文运用三阶段超效率SBM模型测算了东北地区冰雪旅游发展效率,并结合压力-状态-响应理论,利用面板Tobit模型分析了效率的影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)2015—2023年东北地区冰雪旅游发展效率整体呈波动上升态势,规模效率是造成低效率的主要原因;(2)2015—2023年东北地区冰雪旅游发展效率呈现“由沿海向内陆递减”的空间分布态势,并形成了以沈阳和哈尔滨为中心的两个冰雪旅游圈,效率均值从高到低依次为辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省和内蒙古自治区东部地区,大部分城市未达到理想状态,冰雪旅游资源开发的区域不平衡、不稳定现象较为突出;(3)东北地区冰雪旅游发展效率受城市压力、状态和响应等方面因素的影响,在发展冰雪旅游业时,应平衡社会压力和生态压力,加强社会响应,避免“过度旅游”局面的出现,以进一步实现冰雪旅游与生态环境的深度融合。本文对推动东北地区冰雪旅游的可持续发展、提升区域旅游竞争力具有一定的理论和现实意义。

中国古生代盆地基底大地构造特征

太古宙(>2 500 Ma)是出现陆核或形成初始陆块的阶段.华北和塔里木是最早出现初始陆块的地区.古元古代(1 800～2 500 Ma)为陆块迅速增生阶段;古元古代末,华北、塔里木、柴达木和扬子陆块经增生相互联接.中元古代(1 000～1 800 Ma)为裂谷发育阶段,在古元古代末相互联接的地区重新发生裂解,分裂为华北、塔柴和扬子陆块.晋宁期末,华北、佳木斯、塔柴、扬子、华夏及滇藏陆块相互拼合,成为Rodinia超大陆的组成部分.新元古代初(<1 000 Ma),在古板块运动体制下,形成中国新元古代-古生代盆地.

南方粳型超级稻物质生产积累及超高产特征的研究

以超级粳稻品种武粳15、淮稻9号、徐稻3号和常优1号为材料,对高产（8.25~9.75thm？2）、更高产（9.75~11.25thm？2）和超高产（〉11.25thm？2）3个产量等级群体的物质生产与产量的关系、干物质积累、输出与转运等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明,4个超级稻品种成熟期、抽穗至成熟期的干物质重与产量呈极显著正相关,抽穗期干物质重均与产量呈抛物线关系,拔节至抽穗期的干物质重与产量呈极显著正相关（高产—更高产、更高产—超高产以及将3个产量等级综合起来）;从高产到更高产再到超高产,4个超级稻品种的生物学产量不断提高（差异显著）,而超高产群体的经济系数则与更高产水平相当（0.5000以上）,显著高于高产水平;较之更高产、高产群体,超高产群体在生育中期（拔节至抽穗期）干物质积累量大,抽穗期叶面积指数高、株型挺拔、群体质量优[有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率、总颖花量与颖花/叶（cm2）、基部节间粗、单茎茎鞘重均高],在生育后期（抽穗至成熟期）,光合能力强（叶面积衰减率小,光合势、群体生长率、净同化率均高）、干物质积累量高（占生物学产量的40.0%以上）、茎鞘物质的输出与转运协调[实粒/叶（cm2）、粒重（mg）/叶（cm2）均高]。

2007年夏季我国西北地区云凝结核的观测研究

利用连续气流纵向热梯度云凝结核仪对我国西北地区2007年夏季空中和地面的云凝结核(CCN)进行观测研究,并对观测结果进行了对比分析。飞机观测资料表明,西北地区的CCN主要来源于地面,近地层浓度较高,CCN浓度随高度增加而减少。污染城市上空的CCN比一般地区上空浓度高,浓度随高度变化趋势相同;地面观测结果显示,CCN具有明显的日变化,与人类活动、气象因子和下垫面相关;污染地区和清洁地区的CCN浓度在相同过饱和度下差异很大,在低过饱和度下浓度相差可达一个量级。根据关系式N=CSk拟合得到的地面CCN活化谱参数,银川地区的C值明显较大(>2200),k值较高(约0.7),表明银川地区具有大陆性特征;而祁连山地区C值较低(<2200)、k值较高(约0.77),属清洁型大陆性特征。