Safety analysis of optimal outriggers location in high-rise building structures

This paper presents the restraining moments of outriggers acting on the core wall and the equation of the horizontal top deflection based on a simplified outrigger model. The deformation compatibility conditions between outriggers and core wall as well as the finite rigidities of outriggers are also considered. One case study was carried out to analyze the horizontal top deflection and the mutation of the restraining moments caused by the variation of outrigger location. The results showed that the method adopted in the paper is simple and reasonable. Some conclusions are valuable to the safety design of high-rise building structures.

Research of CBR, DM and smart algorithms based design methods for high-rise building structure form-selection

First, the high-rise building structure design process is divided into three relevant steps, that is, scheme generation and creation, performance evaluation, and scheme optimization. Then with the application of relational database, the case database of high-rise structures is constructed, the structure form-selection designing methods such as the smart algorithm based on CBR, DM, FINS, NN and GA is presented, and the original forms system of this method and its general structure are given. CBR and DM are used to generate scheme candidates; FINS and NN to evaluate and optimize the scheme performance; GA to create new structure forms. Finally, the application cases are presented, whose results fit in with the real project. It proves by combining and using the expert intelligence, algorithm intelligence and machine intelligence that this method makes good use of not only the engineering project knowledge and expertise but also much deeper knowledge contained in various engineering cases. In other words, it is because the form selection has a strong background support of vast real cases that its results prove more reliable and more acceptable. So the introduction of this method provides an effective approach to improving the quality, efficiency, automatic and smart level of high-rise structures form selection design.

Design and Preparation of High Elastic Modulus Self-compacting Concrete for Pre-stressed Mass Concrete Structures

Requirements of self-compacting concrete （SCC） applied in pre-stressed mass concrete structures include high fluidity, high elastic modulus, low adiabatic temperature rise and low drying shrinkage, which cannot be satisfied by ordinary SCC. In this study, in order to solve the problem, a few principles of SCC design were proposed and the effects of binder amount, fly ash （FA） substitution, aggregate content and gradation on the workability, temperature rise, drying shrinkage and elastic modulus of SCC were investigated. The results and analysis indicate that the primary factor influencing the fluidity was paste content, and the main methods improving the elastic modulusof SCC were a lower sand ratio and an optimized coarse aggregate gradation. Lower adiabatic temperature rise and drying shrinkage were beneficial for decreasing the cement content. Further, based on the optimization of mixture, a C50 grade SCC （with binder amount of only 480 kg/ m3, fly ash substitution of 40%, sand ratio of 51% and proper coarse aggregate gradation （Vs.~0 mm： V10-16 ram： V16.20 mm= 30%： 30%：40%）） with superior workability was successfully prepared. The temperature rise and drying shrinkage of the prepared SCC were significantly reduced, and the elastic modulus reached 37.6 GPa at 28 d.

Dynamic response characteristics of super high-rise buildings subjected to long-period ground motions

Spectrum characteristics of different types of seismic waves and dynamic response characteristics of super high-rise building structures under long-period ground motions were comparatively analyzed. First, the ground response wave (named LS-R wave) of a soft soil site with deep deposit, taking long-period bedrock seismic record as input, was calculated by wave propagation method. After that, a TOMAKOMAI station long-period seismic record from the Tokachi-Oki earthquake and conventional El-Centro wave were also chosen. Spectrum characteristics of these waves were analyzed and compared. Then, a series of shaking table tests were performed on a 1:50 scale super high-rise structural model under these seismic waves. Furthermore, numerical simulation of the prototype structure under these excitations was conducted, and structure damages under different intensive ground motions were discussed. The results show that: 1) Spectrum characteristics of ground response wave are significantly influenced by soft soil site with deep deposit, and the predominant period has an increasing trend. 2) The maximum acceleration amplification factor of the structure under the TOM wave is two times that under the El-Centro wave; while the maximum displacement response of the structure under the TOM wave is 4.4 times that under the El-Centro wave. Long-period ground motions show greater influences on displacement responses than acceleration responses for super high-rise building structures. 3) Most inelastic damage occurs at the upper 1/3 part of the super high-rise building when subjected to long-period ground motions.

Effects of high modes on the wind-induced response of super high-rise buildings

For super high-rise buildings, the vibration period of the basic mode is several seconds, and it is very close to the period of the fluctuating wind. The damping of super high-rise buildings is low, so super high-rise buildings are very sensitive to fluctuating wind. The wind load is one of the key loads in the design of super high-rise buildings. It is known that only the basic mode is needed in the wind-response analysis of tall buildings. However, for super high-rise buildings, especially for the acceleration response, because of the frequency amplification of the high modes, the high modes and the mode coupling may need to be considered. Three typical super high-rise projects with the SMPSS in wind tunnel tests and the random vibration theory method were used to analyze the effect of high modes on the wind-induced response. The conclusions can be drawn as follows. First, for the displacement response, the basic mode is dominant, and the high modes can be neglected. Second, for the acceleration response, the high modes and the mode coupling should be considered. Lastly, the strain energy of modes can only give the vibration energy distribution of the high-rise building, and it cannot describe the local wind-induced vibration of high-rise buildings, especially for the top acceleration response.

Discussion on Super High-temperature Weather and City Construction

With the method of structure analysis, this work analyzes the real data of the high-temperature weather of China in 2003 and those in history, and finds out that the structure character of the high-temperature weather process corresponds to the distribution of urban buildings. The result shows that excessive dense buildings could influence the atmosphere structure, which leads to the urban temperature increasing sharply. On the other hand, the structure analysis also reveals some problems on urban construction, and the corresponding countermeasure is an efficient method for high-temperature weather forecast.

High-Rise Residential Reinforced Concrete Building Optimisation

In the last few decades structure optimisation has become a main task in a civil engineering project. As a matter of fact, due to the complexity and particularity of every structure, the great amount of variables and design criteria to considerate and many other factors, a general optimisation’s method is not simple to formulate. As a result, this paper focuses on how to provide a successful optimisation method for a particular building type, high-rise reinforced concrete buildings. The optimization method is based on decomposition of the main structure into substructures: floor system, vertical load resisting system, lateral load resisting system and foundation system;then each of the subsystems using the design criteria established at the building codes is improved. Due to the effect of the superstructure optimisation on the foundation system, vertical and lateral load resisting system is the last to be considered after the improvement of floor. Finally, as a case example, using the method explained in the paper, a 30-story-high high-rise residential building complex is analysed and optimised, achieving good results in terms of structural behaviour and diminishing the overall cost of the structure.

沈阳恒隆市府广场超高层塔楼风荷载分析研究

为了确定高度350.6m沈阳恒隆市府广场塔楼结构设计的风荷载,采用刚性风洞试验与风洞数值模拟相结合的方法分析塔楼的风荷载,风洞试验研究给出楼层剪力与扭矩及风致加速度。采用四种湍流模型进行风洞数值模拟,分析建筑平均风压系数、体型系数、基底剪力及倾覆力矩,并与风洞试验进行比较,得出适用于超高层建筑风洞模拟的湍流分析模型,利用该分析模型的数值风洞模拟技术,分析塔楼13个风向角的风压系数、体型系数和基底剪力,为结构风荷载取值提供依据。研究结果表明:相比于《建筑结构荷载规范》(GB 50009—2012)对近似矩形平面建筑物的体型系数的规定,RSM模型迎风面0.83、背风面-0.56,与规范矩形截面迎风面0.8、背风面-0.6最为接近;RSM模型与试验吻合最好;选取RSM模型来分析超高层等大型复杂结构风荷载,能够得到较为准确的结果。

采用粘滞阻尼器的某超高层建筑消能减震设计与分析

以珠海市某框架–核心筒建筑为例,运用分析程序ETABS建立有限元模型,并设置多组粘滞阻尼器布置方案,采用最大层间位移角与基底剪力双关键指标,对比各方案减震效果并择优选出布置方案。对所得方案进行多遇地震下弹性分析及罕遇地震下动力弹塑性分析。多遇地震分析结果表明,采用粘滞阻尼器的结构双向指标均大幅降低,提供附加阻尼比达4.1%。罕遇地震分析结果表明,结构的层间位移角及整体屈服机制均满足要求。该方案下减震效果与结构抗震性能均良好,可为同类工程提供参考。

某核心筒收进水瓶型超高层结构设计关键问题研究

某超高层建筑位于武汉市汉阳区一线滨江区域,整体造型为下大上小逐渐收分的水瓶型,主体结构高度249m,屋面上设51m高塔冠,地上建筑总高度300m。建筑师要求外框柱贴幕墙边布置,导致塔楼大部分柱均为斜柱,在竖向荷载作用下将对楼面体系产生水平分力,设计中通过在楼面梁设置抗拉钢筋及型钢承担水平拉力。核心筒墙体在17、43层进行了转换收进,通过合理的分析及措施,确保了墙体传力路径的合理性。对主体结构进行了风洞试验并进行了相关论证,减小了设计风荷载,节约了结构造价。对结构进行了施工模拟、收缩徐变分析、墙体有限元分析及塔冠分析,结果表明结构设计安全合理。

不同结构因子下带连廊高层建筑外墙火竖向蔓延数值模拟

目的 研究带连廊高层建筑发生火灾时火焰蔓延的变化规律,为该类建筑的防火设计提供参考。方法 应用火灾数值模拟软件FDS建立一个33层带连廊建筑模型,分别改变结构因子、窗口数量两种因素进行模拟,分析该模型在不同条件下的温度分布等温线和温度曲线。结果 结构因子为0.4、0.8、1.2,窗口数量为二、三、四时,达到危险温度540℃,火焰融合高度随结构因子和窗口数量增加而上升;随着结构因子的增加,火焰融合高度提高了0.25~12.5 m;随着窗口数量的增加,火焰融合高度上升了0.9~6.37 m;结论 带连廊高层建筑外墙火焰蔓延高度受结构因子和窗口数量影响;随着窗口数量增加,结构因子对火焰融合高度影响越大,结构因子越大,火焰融合高度越高;建议带连廊高层建筑连廊部分结构因子小于0.8,并选用结构因子为0.8时的火焰融合高度作为外部蔓延防火阻隔区高度。

高层剪力墙结构多目标智能设计方法

高层剪力墙结构智能设计包括智能建模和智能优化两个环节。目前智能建模环节缺乏梁自动化布置和荷载自动化布置;智能优化环节只考虑材料成本而未考虑施工的便捷性。此外,现有的智能设计方法均局限于单标准层的高层剪力墙结构。为此,该文提出了高层剪力墙结构多目标智能设计方法,包括多标准层高层剪力墙结构的智能建模和多目标优化。多标准层高层剪力墙结构智能建模包含剪力墙智能布置、梁自动化布置、板自动化布置和荷载自动化布置;以材料成本和施工便捷性为目标,采用分步优化策略和基于小生境技术的遗传算法对高层剪力墙结构进行多目标优化。通过实际工程算例对所提出的方法进行了验证,结果表明,所提出的高层剪力墙结构多目标智能设计方法稳定、可靠,可以较好地兼顾材料成本和施工的便捷性,并能显著缩短设计周期。

地震和风耦合作用下超高层连体结构易损性分析

为探究超高层连体结构在多灾害耦合作用下的设计与安全性能,以苏州超塔为例,开展地震和风耦合作用下的多灾害易损性分析.根据设计资料建立结构有限元模型,分别开展结构在地震作用下以及地震和风耦合作用下的易损性分析,探究结构在多灾害耦合作用下的响应规律.结果表明,地震和风耦合作用下结构联合易损性随着地震动和风荷载强度的增大而增加,且地震动对结构的破坏占主导作用.地震与风耦合作用时结构达到中等破坏、严重破坏和倒塌破坏的概率均比仅地震作用时有所增加.当风速达到40 m/s时,结构在罕遇地震下达到3种破坏状态的概率分别为99.77%、91.56%和46.54%,相比于仅罕遇地震作用下分别提高了1.11%、10.73%和14.65%,相比于一般高层连体结构在同样的灾害耦合作用下分别提高了0.27%、6.26%和14.34%.

YKJ-01型附着式升降脚手架在330m超高层建筑的应用

针对某330 m超高层项目,详细介绍了附着式升降脚手架在超高层的应用,主要包括:附着式升降脚手架施工平面布置,附着式升降脚手架参数设计,附着式升降脚手架直爬与斜爬部位处理,建筑结构凹槽位置防护设计,附着式升降脚手架斜爬角度变化,避难层位置附着式升降脚手架处理,高区大堂处格构柱设计,塔式起重机附墙处附着式升降脚手架处理措施,施工电梯处附着式升降脚手架处理措施,卸料平台处附着式升降脚手架处理措施,附着式升降脚手架分片提升断口位置处理,附着式升降脚手架安装、提升、拆除等。

AHP-改进物元法在整体钢平台顶升模架体系安全风险评估中的应用

针对整体钢平台顶升模架体系施工安全性的灰色特征,经实地调研及专家评审,建立了整体钢平台顶升模架体系的安全风险评估模型。首先,考虑人员、设备、环境、管理及技术5个方面,选取19个指标构建安全风险评估指标体系;其次,采用层次分析法计算各指标权重,基于改进物元法确定各指标的风险等级,然后将两者向量相乘,以最大隶属度原则确定整体钢平台顶升模架体系的安全风险等级;最后,将所建立的基于层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)-改进物元法的安全风险评估模型应用到某超高层工程实例中,并将评估结果与实际施工情况对比分析。研究表明,该评估模型的计算结果合理且准确可靠,可为超高层整体钢平台顶升模架体系的安全管理提供参考。

某高层剪力墙结构不均匀沉降分析及处理

无新增荷载情况下的持续不均匀沉降常常发生在地基有缺陷的高层建筑中,该类沉降产生的破坏是缓慢持续的。地基不均匀沉降会导致建筑物开裂、倾斜,进一步发生结构安全事故。依据某高层剪力墙结构以及不均匀沉降监测数据,采用ABAQUS建立该高层剪力墙结构三维有限元计算模型,分析不均匀沉降工况下上部结构的内力分布及整体变形发展规律。结果显示,有限元计算得到的模型内力增大位置与实际外墙主要开裂位置相吻合,整体沉降变形发展规律与现场实测数据基本一致,证明上部结构三维有限元模型的可行性。进一步建立剪力墙结构-桩筏基础-地基耦合计算模型,开展不同筏板厚度对整体结构不均匀沉降的影响分析。同时结合实际案例制定“增设筏板+补桩”处理方法,加固完成后监测数据显示房屋处于稳定状态,变形与裂缝均无发展。

超高层建筑钢结构施工的关键技术和措施

随着城市化的不断推进,超高层建筑的兴建成为城市发展的一种趋势。在超高层建筑中,钢结构因其轻质、高强度等特点,成为超高层建筑的首选方案。文中通过对钢结构特征的分析,深入剖析了超高层建筑中的钢结构施工流程及影响因素。在此基础上,详细讨论了柱基础检查、钢柱吊装和钢柱连接等关键技术与应用措施,包括了施工过程中的质量监控、安全管理和技术检测等方面,旨在为超高层建筑钢结构施工提供可行的解决方案。

超高层建筑设计的几个新趋势——以深圳为例

超高层建筑从萌芽诞生到发展至今已100多年,已在不同程度影响着人们的生活。该文基于深圳市近年30个超高层建筑案例,梳理超高层建筑设计呈现出新趋势的契机和在整体规划和建筑设计层面上的特点,分析归纳出超高层建筑设计城市枢纽化、垂直城市化、空间开放化、功能复合化和结构表皮一体化的五个趋势,以期为今后的超高层建筑设计提供一些方向和策略。