Effects of high modes on the wind-induced response of super high-rise buildings

For super high-rise buildings, the vibration period of the basic mode is several seconds, and it is very close to the period of the fluctuating wind. The damping of super high-rise buildings is low, so super high-rise buildings are very sensitive to fluctuating wind. The wind load is one of the key loads in the design of super high-rise buildings. It is known that only the basic mode is needed in the wind-response analysis of tall buildings. However, for super high-rise buildings, especially for the acceleration response, because of the frequency amplification of the high modes, the high modes and the mode coupling may need to be considered. Three typical super high-rise projects with the SMPSS in wind tunnel tests and the random vibration theory method were used to analyze the effect of high modes on the wind-induced response. The conclusions can be drawn as follows. First, for the displacement response, the basic mode is dominant, and the high modes can be neglected. Second, for the acceleration response, the high modes and the mode coupling should be considered. Lastly, the strain energy of modes can only give the vibration energy distribution of the high-rise building, and it cannot describe the local wind-induced vibration of high-rise buildings, especially for the top acceleration response.

Dynamic response characteristics of super high-rise buildings subjected to long-period ground motions

Spectrum characteristics of different types of seismic waves and dynamic response characteristics of super high-rise building structures under long-period ground motions were comparatively analyzed. First, the ground response wave （named LS-R wave） of a soft soil site with deep deposit, taking long-period bedrock seismic record as input, was calculated by wave propagation method. After that, a TOMAKOMAI station long-period seismic record from the Tokachi-Oki earthquake and conventional E1-Centro wave were also chosen. Spectrum characteristics of these waves were analyzed and compared. Then, a series of shaking table tests were performed on a 1：50 scale super high-rise structural model under these seismic waves. Furthermore, numerical simulation of the prototype structure under these excitations was conducted, and structure damages under different intensive ground motions were discussed. The results show that： 1） Spectrum characteristics of ground response wave are significantly influenced by soft soil site with deep deposit, and the predominant period has an increasing trend. 2） The maximum acceleration amplification factor of the structure under the TOM wave is two times that under the E1-Centro wave; while the maximum displacement response of the structure under the TOM wave is 4.4 times that under the E1-Centro wave. Long-period ground motions show greater influences on displacement responses than acceleration responses for super high-rise building structures. 3） Most inelastic damage occurs at the upper 1/3 part of the super high-rise building when subjected to long-period ground motions.

Interference effects of two and three super-tall buildings under wind action

Most previous investigations on interference effects of tall buildings under wind actions focused on the wind induced interference effects between two buildings,and the interference effects of three or more buildings have seldom been studied so far due to the huge workload involved in experiments and data processing.In this paper,mean and dynamic force/response interference effects and peak wind pressure interference effects of two and three tall buildings,especially the three-building configuration,are investigated through a series of wind tunnel tests on typical tall building models using high frequency force balance technique and wind pressure measurements.Furthermore,the present paper focuses on the effects of parameters,including breadth ratio and height ratio of the buildings and terrain category,on the interference factors and derives relevant regression results for the interference factors.

Influence of soil——structure interaction on seismic collapse resistance of super-tall buildings

Numerous field tests indicate that the soilestructure interaction （SSI） has a significant impact on thedynamic characteristics of super-tall buildings, which may lead to unexpected structural seismic responsesand/or failure. Taking the Shanghai Tower with a total height of 632 m as the research object, thesubstructure approach is used to simulate the SSI effect on the seismic responses of Shanghai Tower. Therefined finite element （FE） model of the superstructure of Shanghai Tower and the simplified analyticalmodel of the foundation and adjacent soil are established. Subsequently, the collapse process of ShanghaiTower taking into account the SSI is predicted, as well as its final collapse mechanism. The influences ofthe SSI on the collapse resistance capacity and failure sequences are discussed. The results indicate that,when considering the SSI, the fundamental period of Shanghai Tower has been extended significantly,and the collapse margin ratio has been improved, with a corresponding decrease of the seismic demand.In addition, the SSI has some impact on the failure sequences of Shanghai Tower subjected to extremeearthquakes, but a negligible impact on the final failure modes. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Discussion on the Construction of Anti-smoke Construction Technology in Super High-rise Buildings

In recent years with the increasing number of super high-rise buildings and the ever-expanding scale the anti-smoke construction technology has attracted more and more attention.Based on this situation,this paper analyzes the smoke control technology of super high-rise buildings.The paper analyzes the importance of the application of anti-smoke construction technology in super high-rise buildings,analyzes the problems in the construction of smoke control and super high-rise buildings.The anti-smoke construction technology was studied and I hope that it can benefit the application of anti-smoke construction technology in high-rise buildings.

Tectonic evolution and source rocks development of the super oil-rich Bohai Bay Basin,East China

The Bohai Bay Basin,as a super oil-rich basin in the world,is characterized by cyclic evolution and complex regional tectonic stress field,and its lifecycle tectonic evolution controls the formation of regional source rocks.The main pre-Cenozoic stratigraphic system and lithological distribution are determined through geological mapping,and the dynamics of the pre-Cenozoic geotectonic evolution of the Bohai Bay Basin are investigated systematically using the newly acquired high-quality seismic data and the latest exploration results in the study area.The North China Craton where the Bohai Bay Basin is located in rests at the intersection of three tectonic domains:the Paleo-Asian Ocean,the Tethys Ocean,and the Pacific Ocean.It has experienced the alternation and superposition of tectonic cycles of different periods,directions and natures,and experienced five stages of the tectonic evolution and sedimentary building,i.e.Middle–Late Proterozoic continental rift trough,Early Paleozoic marginal-craton depression carbonate building,Late Paleozoic marine–continental transitional intracraton depression,Mesozoic intracontinental strike-slip–extensional tectonics,and Cenozoic intracontinental rifting.The cyclic evolution of the basin,especially the multi-stage compression,strike-slip and extensional tectonics processes in the Hercynian,Indosinian,Yanshan and Himalayan since the Late Paleozoic,controlled the development,reconstruction and preservation of several sets of high-quality source rocks,represented by the Late Paleozoic Carboniferous–Permian coal-measure source rocks and the Paleogene world-class extra-high-quality lacustrine source rocks,which provided an important guarantee for the hydrocarbon accumulation in the super oil-rich basin.

乌兹别克斯坦9度区某超高层建筑结构设计与优化

对于9度设防地区的超高层建筑,其结构设计基本由地震作用控制,因此抗震设计尤为重要。建筑消能减震技术可在提高结构地震安全储备的同时,降低整体工程造价,是结构优化设计的有效措施。对位于9度区的超高层建筑进行了结构方案选型对比、结构方案优化、减震设计方案比选、剪力墙内嵌钢板优化。结果显示,钢骨混凝土框架⁃核心筒方案相对于钢框架⁃支撑方案具备更高的成本优势;框架⁃核心筒方案可通过精细化设计作进一步优化;在此基础上,对钢骨混凝土框架⁃核心筒方案采用两种消能减震方案进行比选,结果表明,采用黏滞阻尼器方案的结构抗震性能明显优于采用黏滞阻尼墙方案;最后通过增大剪力墙竖向分布钢筋配筋率,对低区核心筒墙肢中的内嵌钢板进行了优化。

超高层建筑工程内爬塔式起重机附着提升拆除关键技术

内爬塔式起重机是适用于超高层建筑的一种大型设备,本研究介绍了内爬塔结构系统构造及爬升流程,通过设置支撑梁承受结构重力和塔式起重机设计荷载、设置液压油缸和内爬框架进行顶升操作,完成内爬塔结构提升。以小塔拆大塔为塔式起重机拆除原则,设计了两次屋面吊拆除过程,保障拆除工期和屋面结构安全。建立了支撑梁和内爬框架的三维实体有限元计算模型,优化支撑梁系统设计,得到了支撑梁和内爬框架在满载支撑状态下的应力和位移计算结果。结果表明,支撑系统安全可靠。

AHP-改进物元法在整体钢平台顶升模架体系安全风险评估中的应用

针对整体钢平台顶升模架体系施工安全性的灰色特征,经实地调研及专家评审,建立了整体钢平台顶升模架体系的安全风险评估模型。首先,考虑人员、设备、环境、管理及技术5个方面,选取19个指标构建安全风险评估指标体系;其次,采用层次分析法计算各指标权重,基于改进物元法确定各指标的风险等级,然后将两者向量相乘,以最大隶属度原则确定整体钢平台顶升模架体系的安全风险等级;最后,将所建立的基于层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)-改进物元法的安全风险评估模型应用到某超高层工程实例中,并将评估结果与实际施工情况对比分析。研究表明,该评估模型的计算结果合理且准确可靠,可为超高层整体钢平台顶升模架体系的安全管理提供参考。

低烈度区某超高层塔楼优化分析

超高层建筑由于单塔体量较大,结构经济指标备受关注,寻找最合理结构体系是超高层建筑不断自我迭代更新的主题。高烈度区和低烈度区塔楼控制方向完全不同,着重介绍优化过程以寻找低烈度区超高层塔楼的最优结构。以某位于低烈度6度区的建筑高度250m超高层塔楼为例,根据塔楼初步方案确定控制指标为刚重比和剪重比,以控制指标为目标进行附加质量和自重的迭代优化。其次是提高结构刚度,核心筒尺寸根据竖向交通及设备管井已确定,在建筑允许条件下通过柱的不同排布实现了更好的框架刚度贡献;纯混凝土柱重量贡献大于刚度贡献,通过对比叠合柱和型钢柱,选取了更合理的叠合柱截面形式;在低烈度区结构竖向承载满足基本需求而水平刚度不满足规范要求的情况下,通过增加伸臂桁架提高整体刚度;通过分析不同伸臂桁架形式,选取了最有效的伸臂形式。通过降低结构冗余重量和有效提高结构刚度选出最高效结构,且建筑品质优、造价合理。

超高层异形爬架综合施工技术研究

杭州西站TOD项目超高层建筑外立面轮廓线先外扩再内收,为此采用了异形爬架,通过两阶段垂直爬升和内收俯爬进行作业。本研究介绍了异形爬架的主要特点,明确爬架断面分区、机位布置,分析解决爬升流程技术要点和难点。给出爬架附着支座在悬挑板上的计算校核;结合爬架外扩内收的结构变形,通过定型化防护网搭接解决扇形空隙防护区域,并设置防倾构造保障架体安全,可为同类工程施工提供参考。

超高层建筑钢结构施工的关键技术和措施

随着城市化的不断推进,超高层建筑的兴建成为城市发展的一种趋势。在超高层建筑中,钢结构因其轻质、高强度等特点,成为超高层建筑的首选方案。文中通过对钢结构特征的分析,深入剖析了超高层建筑中的钢结构施工流程及影响因素。在此基础上,详细讨论了柱基础检查、钢柱吊装和钢柱连接等关键技术与应用措施,包括了施工过程中的质量监控、安全管理和技术检测等方面,旨在为超高层建筑钢结构施工提供可行的解决方案。

超高层建筑设计的几个新趋势——以深圳为例

超高层建筑从萌芽诞生到发展至今已100多年,已在不同程度影响着人们的生活。该文基于深圳市近年30个超高层建筑案例,梳理超高层建筑设计呈现出新趋势的契机和在整体规划和建筑设计层面上的特点,分析归纳出超高层建筑设计城市枢纽化、垂直城市化、空间开放化、功能复合化和结构表皮一体化的五个趋势,以期为今后的超高层建筑设计提供一些方向和策略。

超高层建筑综合体消防负荷供配电系统设计

结合现行国家、行业及地方规范、标准,对超高层建筑综合体的消防负荷供配电系统、柴油发电机选择等设计方法及设计要点进行详细探讨。

荷载作用下超高层建筑结构风荷载响应仿真

与一般建筑不同,随着高度的增加,超高层建筑结构本身的基本自振周期和柔度增加,阻尼比降低,在荷载作用下会产生一定的位移变化。为了提高超高层建筑结构的稳定性和安全性,提出荷载作用下超高层建筑结构风荷载响应分析方法。基于随机振动理论,建立超高层建筑异形结构在风荷载作用下的运动方程,分析结构位移变化情况;通过静力风效应和动力风效应对建筑异形结构的风效应展开分析;根据分析结果,采用荷载反向识别算法结合离散卡尔曼滤波理论完成建筑结构风荷载响应分析。仿真结果表明,所提方法可准确获得超高层建筑异形结构的湍流度、风速时程、风中心轨迹相关信息,说明该方法的风荷载响应仿真分析结果精度较高。

YKJ-01型附着式升降脚手架在330m超高层建筑的应用

针对某330 m超高层项目,详细介绍了附着式升降脚手架在超高层的应用,主要包括:附着式升降脚手架施工平面布置,附着式升降脚手架参数设计,附着式升降脚手架直爬与斜爬部位处理,建筑结构凹槽位置防护设计,附着式升降脚手架斜爬角度变化,避难层位置附着式升降脚手架处理,高区大堂处格构柱设计,塔式起重机附墙处附着式升降脚手架处理措施,施工电梯处附着式升降脚手架处理措施,卸料平台处附着式升降脚手架处理措施,附着式升降脚手架分片提升断口位置处理,附着式升降脚手架安装、提升、拆除等。

超高层办公建筑暖通空调系统噪声控制分析

营造良好的室内声环境对人员身心健康至关重要。本文以某超高层办公楼为研究对象,分析了超高层办公建筑声学方面的特点、典型暖通空调系统的噪声传递途径;针对办公楼层剖析了声源降噪、隔绝机房噪声、办公区内空调末端及管道的噪声控制措施,并针对机电层的不同设备区域提出了相应的隔振、隔声、降噪做法。

西咸自由贸易企业服务中心超高层建筑结构设计

西咸自由贸易企业服务中心地处高烈度区,与渭河断裂之间的距离约2km,应考虑近场效应。项目采用钢管混凝土框架(钢梁)+钢筋混凝土核心筒混合结构,存在扭转不规则、刚度突变、有加强层和通高层等不规则项。为提高结构刚度,在避难层设置了2道伸臂桁架加强层。采用YJK、MIDAS Building软件进行了小震弹性对比分析,采用YJK进行了小震弹性时程分析。根据设定的抗震性能目标,对主体结构主要部位和关键构件进行了性能化设计;采用SAUSAGE软件进行了罕遇地震作用下的动力弹塑性时程分析;采用ANSYS软件对伸臂桁架关键节点进行有限元分析。结果表明:各项指标均符合设计要求,结构及构件均达到预设性能目标,结构体系合理,安全可靠。本工程部分墙体为钢板混凝土剪力墙,设计中应注重钢板混凝土剪力墙的构造措施,施工中应采取措施控制钢板变形。

超高层建筑施工过程竖向变形差控制技术研究

随着超高层建筑的不断发展,超高层建筑尤其是混凝土核心筒-外框钢结构超高层在施工过程中的竖向变形产生的相关问题引起各方关注。超高层建筑施工过程中的竖向变形差控制是难点之一,若处理不当,会影响施工安装、引起结构附加内力等问题。首先对超高层建筑竖向变形差的概念进行阐述,并进行了超高层建筑施工过程中竖向变形的理论推导。之后,对超高层结构施工过程竖向变形有限元分析方法进行介绍。在此基础上,对控制超高层建筑竖向变形差的措施进行分类,并对典型工程施工过程竖向变形控制进行分析,提出经济合理的控制方法。

渤海湾超级油盆构造演化及其烃源岩发育

综合运用渤海湾盆地新采集的高品质地震剖面以及最新的勘探成果资料,通过对各主要层系的地层分布、构造和古地理格局的分析,系统开展渤海湾盆地大地构造演化的动力学研究。结果表明,渤海湾盆地所处的华北克拉通位于古亚洲洋、特提斯洋和太平洋等3大构造体系域的交接地带,经历了不同期次、不同方向、不同性质构造旋回的交替叠加,主要经历5期盆地构造演化与沉积建造阶段,即中新元古代大陆裂陷槽、早古生代克拉通边缘坳陷碳酸盐岩建造、晚古生代海陆过渡相克拉通内坳陷、中生代陆内走滑-伸展构造和新生代陆内裂陷阶段。盆地的多旋回演化,特别是晚古生代以来所经历的海西、印支、燕山和喜马拉雅等多期挤压、走滑和伸展构造活动,控制了多套优质烃源岩发育、改造和保存,尤以上古生界石炭系—二叠系煤系烃源岩以及古近系世界级特优质湖相烃源岩最为重要,为超级富油气盆地的成藏提供了重要的烃源保障。