This study undertook verification of the applicability and accuracy of wind data measured using a WindCube V2 Doppler Wind Lidar(DWL).The data were collected as part of a field experiment in Zhoushan,Zhejiang Province...This study undertook verification of the applicability and accuracy of wind data measured using a WindCube V2 Doppler Wind Lidar(DWL).The data were collected as part of a field experiment in Zhoushan,Zhejiang Province(China),which was conducted by Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration during the passage of Super Typhoon Lekima(2019).The DWL measurements were compared with balloon-borne GPS radiosonde(GPS sonde)data,which were acquired using balloons launched from the DWL location.Results showed that wind speed measured by GPS sonde at heights of<100 m is unreliable owing to the drift effect.Optimal agreement(at heights of>100 m)was found for DWL-measured wind speed time-averaged during the ascent of the GPS sonde from the ground surface to the height of 270 m(correlation coefficient:0.82;root mean square(RMS):2.19 m·h^(-1)).Analysis revealed that precipitation intensity(PI)exerts considerable influence on both the carrier-to-noise ratio and the rate of missing DWL data;however,PI has minimal effect on the wind speed bias of DWL measurements.Specifically,the rate of missing DWL data increased with increasing measurement height and PI.For PI classed as heavy rain or less(PI<12 mm·h^(-1)),the DWL data below 300 m were considered valid,whereas for PI classed as a severe rainstorm(PI>90 m·h^(-1)),only data below 100 m were valid.Up to the height of 300 m,the RMS of the DWL measurements was nearly half that of wind profile radar(WPR)estimates(4.32 m·s^(-1)),indicating that DWL wind data are more accurate than WPR data under typhoon conditions.展开更多
利用自动气象站资料、FY-2G卫星TBB(black body temperature)产品、多普勒雷达组网资料和NCEP FNL分析资料对超强台风利奇马(1909)极端强降雨观测特征、热动力结构演变和水汽输送进行分析。结果表明:此次台风大暴雨覆盖华东大部,极端强...利用自动气象站资料、FY-2G卫星TBB(black body temperature)产品、多普勒雷达组网资料和NCEP FNL分析资料对超强台风利奇马(1909)极端强降雨观测特征、热动力结构演变和水汽输送进行分析。结果表明:此次台风大暴雨覆盖华东大部,极端强降雨区(过程雨量超过350 mm)位于浙江东部和山东中部,21个国家级气象站突破日雨量历史极值;副热带高压、台风和西风槽相互作用以及华东沿海强劲东南风急流为台风利奇马(1909)长时间维持与强降雨发生提供了有利的环境条件。浙江东部极端强降雨主要由发展极为强盛的台风本体产生,垂直深厚涡旋系统强烈的上升运动和台风眼墙区密实的深对流系统导致雨强大且降雨集中;而山东中部极端强降雨则与台风非对称结构演变和冷空气侵入密切相关。倒槽锋生、台风北侧3条螺旋雨带北移汇入及地形迎风坡处的列车效应导致山东中部远距离暴雨发生,随着500 hPa干冷空气从低层不断侵入,在台风西侧118°E附近形成向西倾斜的假相当位温锋区,暖湿气流爬升引发第2阶段稳定性降雨。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1501104)Key Program for International S&T Cooperation Projects of China(No.2017YFE0107700)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41805088)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.18ZR1449100).
文摘This study undertook verification of the applicability and accuracy of wind data measured using a WindCube V2 Doppler Wind Lidar(DWL).The data were collected as part of a field experiment in Zhoushan,Zhejiang Province(China),which was conducted by Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration during the passage of Super Typhoon Lekima(2019).The DWL measurements were compared with balloon-borne GPS radiosonde(GPS sonde)data,which were acquired using balloons launched from the DWL location.Results showed that wind speed measured by GPS sonde at heights of<100 m is unreliable owing to the drift effect.Optimal agreement(at heights of>100 m)was found for DWL-measured wind speed time-averaged during the ascent of the GPS sonde from the ground surface to the height of 270 m(correlation coefficient:0.82;root mean square(RMS):2.19 m·h^(-1)).Analysis revealed that precipitation intensity(PI)exerts considerable influence on both the carrier-to-noise ratio and the rate of missing DWL data;however,PI has minimal effect on the wind speed bias of DWL measurements.Specifically,the rate of missing DWL data increased with increasing measurement height and PI.For PI classed as heavy rain or less(PI<12 mm·h^(-1)),the DWL data below 300 m were considered valid,whereas for PI classed as a severe rainstorm(PI>90 m·h^(-1)),only data below 100 m were valid.Up to the height of 300 m,the RMS of the DWL measurements was nearly half that of wind profile radar(WPR)estimates(4.32 m·s^(-1)),indicating that DWL wind data are more accurate than WPR data under typhoon conditions.
