Tillage represents an important practice that is used to dynamically regulate soil properties,and affects the grain production process and resource use efficiency of crops.The objectives of this 3-year field study car...Tillage represents an important practice that is used to dynamically regulate soil properties,and affects the grain production process and resource use efficiency of crops.The objectives of this 3-year field study carried out in the Huang-Huai-Hai(HHH) Plain of China were to compare the effects of a new deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) with the conventional shallow rotary tillage (CT) on soil properties,winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency at different productivity levels,and to identify a comprehensive management that optimizes both grain yield and resource use efficiency in the HHH Plain.A split-plot design was adopted in field experiments in the winter wheat growing seasons of 2016–2017 (S1),2017–2018 (S2) and 2018–2019 (S3),with DVRT (conducted once in June 2016) and CT performed in the main plots.Subplots were treated with one of four targeted productivity level treatments (SH,the super high productivity level;HH,the high productivity and high efficiency productivity level;FP,the farmer productivity level;ISP,the inherent soil productivity level).The results showed that the soil bulk density was reduced and the soil water content at the anthesis stage was increased in all three years,which were due to the significant effects of DVRT.Compared with CT,grain yields,partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFP_(N)),and water use efficiency (WUE) under DVRT were increased by 22.0,14.5 and 19.0%.Path analysis and direct correlation decomposition uncovered that grain yield variation of winter wheat was mostly contributed by the spike numbers per area under different tillage modes.General line model analysis revealed that tillage mode played a significant role on grain yield,PFP_(N) and WUE not only as a single factor,but also along with other factors(year and productivity level) in interaction manners.In addition,PFP_(N) and WUE were the highest in HH under DVRT in all three growth seasons.These results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for coordinating the high yield with high resource use efficiency of winter wheat in the resource-restricted region in the HHH Plain of China.展开更多
Inappropriate tillage practices and nitrogen(N) management have become seriously limitations for maize(Zea mays L.) yield and N use efficiency(NUE) in the North China Plain(NCP). In the current study, we examined the ...Inappropriate tillage practices and nitrogen(N) management have become seriously limitations for maize(Zea mays L.) yield and N use efficiency(NUE) in the North China Plain(NCP). In the current study, we examined the effects of strip deep rotary tillage(ST) combined with controlled-release(CR) urea on maize yield and NUE, and determined the physiological factors involved in yield formation and N accumulation during a 2-year field experiment. Compared with conventional rotary tillage(RT) and no-tillage(NT), ST increased the soil water content and soil mineral N content(Nmin) in the 20–40 cm soil layer due to reduction by 10.5 and 13.7% in the soil bulk density in the 0–40 cm soil layer, respectively. Compared with the values obtained by common urea(CU) fertilization, CR increased the Nmin in the 0–40 cm soil layers by 12.4 and 10.3% at the silking and maturity stages, respectively. As a result, root length and total N accumulation were enhanced under ST and CR urea, which promoted greater leaf area and dry matter(particularly at post-silking), eventually increasing the1 000-kernel weight of maize. Thus, ST increased the maize yield by 8.3 and 11.0% compared with RT and NT, respectively, whereas CR urea increased maize yield by 8.9% above the values obtained under CU. Because of greater grain yield and N accumulation, ST combined with CR urea improved the NUE substantially. These results show that ST coupled with CR urea is an effective practice to further increase maize yield and NUE by improving soil properties and N supply, so it should be considered for sustainable maize production in the NCP(and other similar areas worldwide).展开更多
"Natural forces" ——core theory of Fenlong technique is explored in this paper. We break through key core technique of farming and agriculture,and invent new method of Fenlong tillage. Broad-spectrum Fenlon..."Natural forces" ——core theory of Fenlong technique is explored in this paper. We break through key core technique of farming and agriculture,and invent new method of Fenlong tillage. Broad-spectrum Fenlong tillage technique system based on "full-layer and bottom-layer superdeep tillage without disturbance of soil layer" is established,which provides the possibility for establishing "modern Fenlong agriculture". When applied in 35 kinds of crops in 24 provinces of China,yield could be increased by 10%-50%,and even 1 times. In the transformation of severe saline-alkali land,corn yield could increase by 73. 0%,and Na,Cl and Mg ions in grain decrease by 20. 81%,1. 47%,and 9. 36% respectively. The newly developed "scarification tillage( reclamation) in the bottom area" could cover "bottom tillage" of dryland,paddy field,degraded grassland,perennial sugarcane,forest and fruit land,traditional Chinese medicine land,and ecological reconstruction of desertification land. It is point out that if Fenlong technique is used in 666 666. 67 km2 of farmland,200 000 km2 of saline-alkali land,666 666. 67 km2 of degraded grassland,and fisheries in rivers and offshore waters are used,trillion yuan of Fenlong economy could be formed,and the nationals will walk towards a healthier new era.Fenlong technique involves agriculture,forestry,water,grass,environment and other aspects,and its global promotion could improve eco-environment and change world development pattern.展开更多
基金supported and funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300105,2017YFD03002 and 2016YFD0300106)the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province,China(20326403D)。
文摘Tillage represents an important practice that is used to dynamically regulate soil properties,and affects the grain production process and resource use efficiency of crops.The objectives of this 3-year field study carried out in the Huang-Huai-Hai(HHH) Plain of China were to compare the effects of a new deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) with the conventional shallow rotary tillage (CT) on soil properties,winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency at different productivity levels,and to identify a comprehensive management that optimizes both grain yield and resource use efficiency in the HHH Plain.A split-plot design was adopted in field experiments in the winter wheat growing seasons of 2016–2017 (S1),2017–2018 (S2) and 2018–2019 (S3),with DVRT (conducted once in June 2016) and CT performed in the main plots.Subplots were treated with one of four targeted productivity level treatments (SH,the super high productivity level;HH,the high productivity and high efficiency productivity level;FP,the farmer productivity level;ISP,the inherent soil productivity level).The results showed that the soil bulk density was reduced and the soil water content at the anthesis stage was increased in all three years,which were due to the significant effects of DVRT.Compared with CT,grain yields,partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFP_(N)),and water use efficiency (WUE) under DVRT were increased by 22.0,14.5 and 19.0%.Path analysis and direct correlation decomposition uncovered that grain yield variation of winter wheat was mostly contributed by the spike numbers per area under different tillage modes.General line model analysis revealed that tillage mode played a significant role on grain yield,PFP_(N) and WUE not only as a single factor,but also along with other factors(year and productivity level) in interaction manners.In addition,PFP_(N) and WUE were the highest in HH under DVRT in all three growth seasons.These results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for coordinating the high yield with high resource use efficiency of winter wheat in the resource-restricted region in the HHH Plain of China.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071957)the Key National Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300504)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2060302-2)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02)。
文摘Inappropriate tillage practices and nitrogen(N) management have become seriously limitations for maize(Zea mays L.) yield and N use efficiency(NUE) in the North China Plain(NCP). In the current study, we examined the effects of strip deep rotary tillage(ST) combined with controlled-release(CR) urea on maize yield and NUE, and determined the physiological factors involved in yield formation and N accumulation during a 2-year field experiment. Compared with conventional rotary tillage(RT) and no-tillage(NT), ST increased the soil water content and soil mineral N content(Nmin) in the 20–40 cm soil layer due to reduction by 10.5 and 13.7% in the soil bulk density in the 0–40 cm soil layer, respectively. Compared with the values obtained by common urea(CU) fertilization, CR increased the Nmin in the 0–40 cm soil layers by 12.4 and 10.3% at the silking and maturity stages, respectively. As a result, root length and total N accumulation were enhanced under ST and CR urea, which promoted greater leaf area and dry matter(particularly at post-silking), eventually increasing the1 000-kernel weight of maize. Thus, ST increased the maize yield by 8.3 and 11.0% compared with RT and NT, respectively, whereas CR urea increased maize yield by 8.9% above the values obtained under CU. Because of greater grain yield and N accumulation, ST combined with CR urea improved the NUE substantially. These results show that ST coupled with CR urea is an effective practice to further increase maize yield and NUE by improving soil properties and N supply, so it should be considered for sustainable maize production in the NCP(and other similar areas worldwide).
基金Supported by Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(Guike AA17204037)
文摘"Natural forces" ——core theory of Fenlong technique is explored in this paper. We break through key core technique of farming and agriculture,and invent new method of Fenlong tillage. Broad-spectrum Fenlong tillage technique system based on "full-layer and bottom-layer superdeep tillage without disturbance of soil layer" is established,which provides the possibility for establishing "modern Fenlong agriculture". When applied in 35 kinds of crops in 24 provinces of China,yield could be increased by 10%-50%,and even 1 times. In the transformation of severe saline-alkali land,corn yield could increase by 73. 0%,and Na,Cl and Mg ions in grain decrease by 20. 81%,1. 47%,and 9. 36% respectively. The newly developed "scarification tillage( reclamation) in the bottom area" could cover "bottom tillage" of dryland,paddy field,degraded grassland,perennial sugarcane,forest and fruit land,traditional Chinese medicine land,and ecological reconstruction of desertification land. It is point out that if Fenlong technique is used in 666 666. 67 km2 of farmland,200 000 km2 of saline-alkali land,666 666. 67 km2 of degraded grassland,and fisheries in rivers and offshore waters are used,trillion yuan of Fenlong economy could be formed,and the nationals will walk towards a healthier new era.Fenlong technique involves agriculture,forestry,water,grass,environment and other aspects,and its global promotion could improve eco-environment and change world development pattern.
