Role of heterogenous microstructure and deformation behavior in achieving superior strength-ductility synergy in zinc fabricated via laser powder bed fusion

Zinc(Zn)is considered a promising biodegradable metal for implant applications due to its appropriate degradability and favorable osteogenesis properties.In this work,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)additive manufacturing was employed to fabricate pure Zn with a heterogeneous microstructure and exceptional strength-ductility synergy.An optimized processing window of LPBF was established for printing Zn samples with relative densities greater than 99%using a laser power range of 80∼90 W and a scanning speed of 900 mm s−1.The Zn sample printed with a power of 80 W at a speed of 900 mm s−1 exhibited a hierarchical heterogeneous microstructure consisting of millimeter-scale molten pool boundaries,micrometer-scale bimodal grains,and nanometer-scale pre-existing dislocations,due to rapid cooling rates and significant thermal gradients formed in the molten pools.The printed sample exhibited the highest ductility of∼12.1%among all reported LPBF-printed pure Zn to date with appreciable ultimate tensile strength(∼128.7 MPa).Such superior strength-ductility synergy can be attributed to the presence of multiple deformation mechanisms that are primarily governed by heterogeneous deformation-induced hardening resulting from the alternative arrangement of bimodal Zn grains with pre-existing dislocations.Additionally,continuous strain hardening was facilitated through the interactions between deformation twins,grains and dislocations as strain accumulated,further contributing to the superior strength-ductility synergy.These findings provide valuable insights into the deformation behavior and mechanisms underlying exceptional mechanical properties of LPBF-printed Zn and its alloys for implant applications.

THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF ZINC CARBONATE HYDROXIDE HYDRATE POWDERS OF DIFFERENT PARTICLE SIZE AND SAMPLE MASS

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ELECTRODEPOSITION OF CORROSION-RESISTANT ZINC-ALLOY POWDER FROM ALKALINE SOLUTION

Mercury free zinc alloy powder were electrodeposited from alkaline solution. Additives containing lead, indium or bismuth were added in the electrolyte and zinc powders with corresponding compositions were obtained. The relations between adding amounts of additives and the contents of corresponding compositions in zinc powder are not linear. Aluminum and calcium cannot be co deposited with zinc. Electrodeposition effectively reduced the contents of harmful impurities. Gas evolution of electrodeposited Zn Pb In Bi alloy powder was less than that of atomized mercury free alloy powder.

Effect of zinc powder content on tribological behaviors of brake friction materials

Brake friction materials with different zinc powder contents(0,2,4,6,8 wt.%)were fabricated via powder metallurgy method.The results indicate that with the increasing zinc powder content,the density and thermal conductivity of the materials gradually increase,while the hardness decreases monotonously.With increasing zinc powder content,the curve of the nominal friction coefficient shows fluctuating trend but the lowest friction coefficient also shows an increase.However,the wear rate and braking noise of the friction material monotonously decrease with increasing zinc content.This effect may be attributed to the transformation of the tribological mechanism from adhesive wear and abrasive wear to adhesive wear.The brake friction material with 4 wt.%zinc powder exhibits both the best tribological and noise performance.

Electrodeposition of Corrosion Resistant Zinc Powder

Zinc powder electrodeposited from suspension bath has higher corrosion resistance than that from conventional bath. The results of X ray, SEM and EIS (Electrochem. Impedance Spectrum) indicated that the microstructures of zinc powder could be modified according to the kinds of suspension species. Suspension of TiO 2, SiO 2, In 2O 3, PbO 2 and SnO 2 could obviously improve the polarization resistance of zinc powder anodes in 5 mol/L KOH solution.

The effects of dietary supplementation with mushroom or selenium enriched mushroom powders on the growth performance and intestinal health of post-weaned pigs

Background There is an urgent need to identify natural bioactive compounds that can enhance gastrointestinal health and promote pig growth performance in the absence of pharmacological levels of zinc oxide(ZnO).The objectives of this study were to:1)compare the effects of mushroom powder supplemented with inorganic selenium(inSeMP)to mushroom powder enriched with organic selenium(orgSeMP)to pharmacological levels of ZnO on growth performance and faecal scores(FS)for the first 21 d post-weaning(Period 1);and 2)compare the molecular and microbial effects of inSeMP and orgSeMP in these pigs on d 39 post-weaning(Period 2).Methods In Period 1,pigs(3 pigs/pen;8 pens/treatment)were assigned to:(1)basal diet(control);(2)basal diet+zinc oxide(ZnO)(3100 mg/kg d 1–14,1550 mg/kg d 15–21);(3)basal diet+mushroom powder supplemented with inorganic selenium(inSeMP)containing selenium(selenite)content of 0.3 mg/kg feed;(4)basal diet+mushroom powder enriched with organic selenium(orgSeMP)containing selenium(selenocysteine)content of 0.3 mg/kg feed.Mushroom powders were included at 6.5 g/kg of feed.Results In Period 1,there was no effect of diets on average daily gain(ADG)and gain:feed(G:F)ratio(P>0.05).The orgSeMP supplemented pigs had a lower average daily feed intake(ADFI)compared to all other groups(P<0.05).The ZnO supplemented pigs had reduced FS compared to the basal and mushroom group,while the orgSeMP supplemented pigs had lower FS compared to the basal group during the 21 d experimental period(P<0.05).In Period 2,there was no effect of diets on ADFI,ADG and G:F ratio(P>0.05).The orgSeMP supplementation increased the caecal abundance of bacterial members of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phylum,including Lactobacillus,Agathobacter,Roseburia,and Prevotella and decreased the abundance of Sporobacter compared to the basal group,while inSeMP increased the caecal abundance of Prevotella and decreased the caecal abundance of Sporobacter compared to the basal group(P<0.05).Dietary supplementation with inSeMP increased expression of TLR4 and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene IL10 and decreased nutrient transporter gene FABP2 compared to the orgSeMP group(P<0.05).Conclusion OrgSeMP is a novel and sustainable way to incorporate selenium andβ-glucans into the diet of weaned pigs whilst improving FS and modulating the caecal microbiota.

Determination of the density of zinc powders for alkaline battery

The density of zinc powder for alkaline battery was determined using a pyknometer.The results showed that powders made before the end of 2003 could reach relative densities above 99% of the theoretical density.Investigating the relative volume swelling of electrolysed gels of zinc powders,no evident relation between swelling and pyknometer density was found.

锌浮渣干湿法处理工艺对比与干法处理工艺关键设备选型及应用

在湿法炼锌的工业生产中,电解阴极锌片在熔锌感应电炉内熔化除杂时产出副产品锌浮渣,锌浮渣中含锌约80%,其中70%以上锌以单质形态存在。本文对比了干法和湿法两种处理工艺的优缺点,重点介绍了干法处理工艺中关键设备选择和能力计算,并结合实际生产情况对投产后的工艺设备进行改进和完善。

石墨烯锌粉涂料技术和应用进展

石墨烯锌粉涂料体现了新材料、新机理和卓越性能的特征,成为涂料行业的一个突破性创新。文章综述了石墨烯锌粉涂料的技术发展和应用现状。石墨烯独特的原子片层结构和不可渗透性,以及优异的力、热、电性能,贡献了石墨烯锌粉涂料新的防护机理。石墨烯的物理屏蔽作用、活化锌粉作用以及增强力学强度作用,在高性能石墨烯锌粉涂料中发挥了主导作用。石墨烯锌粉涂料优先物理屏蔽主导防护机理,与传统环氧富锌涂料优先阴极保护机理有着本质差异。石墨烯锌粉涂料在防腐性能、力学性能、施工性能以及节约锌粉和节能降碳等方面,均体现出明显优势,石墨烯低锌和石墨烯锌粉双涂层更具有创新优势。总结了近期石墨烯锌粉涂料在桥梁、风电、化工、水电、建筑、集装箱等领域的应用案例和现状。最后,指出石墨烯锌粉涂料技术和替代传统环氧富锌涂料的应用发展趋势,以及对钢结构长效保护的技术创新价值。

冷涂烯锌涂料的制备与性能研究

首先研究了不同环氧树脂(E20、E44和E51)对环氧含锌涂层基本性能的影响,其次探究了纯薄石墨烯的添加对涂层防腐蚀性和力学性能的影响,确定了锌质量分数30%涂料体系中纯薄石墨烯的最佳添加量,最后考察了膨润土、聚脲、聚酰胺钠作为防沉体系对冷涂烯锌涂料贮存稳定性的作用。通过中性盐雾试验,并结合扫描电镜、表面电阻率、剩余锌含量和力学性能测试,制备出符合T/CHTS 10105—2023标准要求的冷涂烯锌涂料。结果表明:采用环氧树脂E44所制备的涂层基本性能最佳;加入质量分数0.5%纯薄石墨烯后,涂层的力学性能均有提升,表面电阻率≤10^(6)Ω,锌粉利用率超过80%,耐中性盐雾时间可达3000 h;添加质量分数0.9%膨润土、0.6%聚脲和1%聚酰胺钠防沉体系后,冷涂烯锌涂料可在50℃下稳定贮存60 d。

Ge and Cu recovery from precipitating vitriol supernatant in zinc plant

A novel technology using Fe powder as reducing agent for Ge and Cu recovery from precipitating vitriol supernatant in Zn hydrometallurgical plant was investigated. The results show that reaction time, temperature, agitation speed, initial pH value of solution and the amount of reducing Fe have significant effects on recovering Ge and Cu, and the optimum process operating parameters are established as follows： time 120 min, initial pH value 1.5, the dosage of reducing Fe powder 4 g/L, agitation speed 600 r/min and temperature 80 °C. Under these experimental conditions, the recovery ratios of Ge and Cu from precipitating vitriol supernatant in Zn hydrometallurgical plant can reach 96% and 100%, respectively. The content of Ge in the reduced residue reaches up to 2.06% （mass fraction）, indicating that the separation and enrichment of Ge from the Zn sulfate solution is realized. The grade of Ge and Cu can reach up to 4.88% and 56.75%, respectively, when the reduced residue is further processed.

Preparation of high purity cadmium with micro-spherical architecture from zinc flue dust

This research has focused on the treatment of zinc flue dust by an acid leach process, combining an environmentally suitable impurity removal process to recover cadmium. Optimum conditions were found as follows： H2SO4 concentration 90 g/L, liquid/solid ratio 6：1, leaching temperature 60 ℃ and leaching time 1.0 h. Under these conditions, 95.8% cadmium was recovered. FeAsO4 and Fe（OH）3 precipitates with FeCI3 are found to be highly effective to obtain a high degree of separation of heavy metals and the oxyanions of arsenic from the leachate. The overall separation of arsenic and other heavy metals and precipitate settling rates are optimum at n（Fe）/n（As） ratio of 3：l and pH 6. The removal rates ofFe, Pb and Cu from the solution were greater than 98.9%, and As removal rate was 99.6%. A solvent extraction with P204 was used for the separation of zinc and cadmium. Optimum conditions are obtained as follows： 20% P204 （volume fraction） diluted with kerosene at room temperature, pH 3.0, and varying organic/aqueous （O/A） phase ratio 1：1. The extraction rate of zinc is 99.2% under these conditions. Spherical cadmium particles showing nearly uniform size were produced by hydrogen reduction at 310 ℃ and the crystal structure was cubic. In addition, the purity of the recovered cadmium powder is more than 99.99%.

锌铝粉包覆改性对无铬达克罗涂层耐蚀性的影响

使用硅烷偶联剂KH570对片状锌粉进行表面包覆改性,同时使用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、乙烯基三异丙氧基硅烷(VIPOS)和丙烯酸(AA)对片状铝粉进行单层和复合包覆改性,以改性的锌粉和铝粉作为基础组成部分制备了无铬达克罗涂层,测定了改性锌铝涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的动电位极化曲线。结果表明:所制备的TEOS/VIPOS改性铝粉涂层的表面平整光滑,没有明显颗粒,涂料的分散性和稳定性较好;与未改性锌铝涂层相比,TEOS/VIPOS和TEOS/VIPOS/AA改性铝粉涂层的腐蚀速率明显下降,TEOS/VIPOS改性铝粉涂层具有较小的腐蚀电流密度(1.01μA/cm2)和腐蚀速率(0.011mm/a)。在20%硝酸铵溶液中浸泡2h后,TEOS/VIPOS改性铝粉涂层的表面平整光滑,耐蚀性较好。

添加剂浓度对锌粉电沉积机理及晶体取向的影响

针对电解法制备锌粉时晶粒生长择优取向问题,选择新型添加剂对沉积过程的晶体取向影响进行研究。以四正丁基氯化铵为研究对象,利用电化学分析和DFT理论计算推断锌沉积机理,通过SEM、XRD、粒度分析等手段对晶体取向、粒度分布和微观形貌等进行表征。结果表明,在电流密度600 A/m^(2)、25℃及锌浓度为20 g/L的碱性溶液中进行电解制备锌粉的成核过程以瞬时成核为主,Zn(NH_(3))_(4)^(2+)在(101)面和(002)面的吸附能分别为-3.56 eV和-1.84 eV,容易形成(101)面的择优取向。四正丁基氯化铵的加入促进了锌沉积阴极极化,其在(101)面的较大吸附能,吸附在(101)面后隔绝了对锌的吸附,当添加剂浓度为20 mg/L时,得到粒度为32.44μm、(002)面织构系数为66.73%的片状锌粉,有望在锌离子电池中解决锌枝晶的问题而被广泛应用。

Fabrication and performance of Zinc-based biodegradable metals: From conventional processes to laser powder bed fusion

Zinc (Zn)-based biodegradable metals (BMs) fabricated through conventional manufacturing methods exhibit adequate mechanical strength, moderate degradation behavior, acceptable biocompatibility, and bioactive functions. Consequently, they are recognized as a new generation of bioactive metals and show promise in several applications. However, conventional manufacturing processes face formidable limitations for the fabrication of customized implants, such as porous scaffolds for tissue engineering, which are future direction towards precise medicine. As a metal additive manufacturing technology, laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) has the advantages of design freedom and formation precision by using fine powder particles to reliably fabricate metallic implants with customized structures according to patient-specific needs. The combination of Zn-based BMs and L-PBF has become a prominent research focus in the fields of biomaterials as well as biofabrication. Substantial progresses have been made in this interdisciplinary field recently. This work reviewed the current research status of Zn-based BMs manufactured by L-PBF, covering critical issues including powder particles, structure design, processing optimization, chemical compositions, surface modification, microstructure, mechanical properties, degradation behaviors, biocompatibility, and bioactive functions, and meanwhile clarified the influence mechanism of powder particle composition, structure design, and surface modification on the biodegradable performance of L-PBF Zn-based BM implants. Eventually, it was closed with the future perspectives of L-PBF of Zn-based BMs, putting forward based on state-of-the-art development and practical clinical needs.

磷酸绝缘包覆对铁硅铝磁粉心的影响

以破碎铁硅铝合金粉为原料,通过调节磷酸用量和引入Zn2+对粉末进行化学绝缘包覆,制备了铁硅铝磁粉心。采用FESEM、XRD、同步热分析仪、B-H分析仪等检测设备,对粉体形貌、物相、热稳定性和磁粉心磁性能、电性能进行表征和检测。结果表明:Zn2+的引入能有效改善铁硅铝颗粒表面绝缘层形貌,形成的绝缘层由纳米级网状结晶磷酸盐组成,致密、均匀地分布在颗粒表面,在有效降低磁粉心功率损耗的同时,提升了磁导率。

锌粉中含铝时金属锌含量的测定

锌粉中金属锌含量的测定多采用高锰酸钾间接滴定法,若试样中含有金属铝时,则先采用高锰酸钾间接滴定法测定出锌粉中的锌铝合量,再采用比色法测定出试样中的金属铝含量,最后将铝以1∶3.6352(质量分数比)换算成等量的金属锌予以扣除,即得样品中金属锌含量,多个样品检测结果的相对标准偏差0.13%~0.36%。该方法适用于锌粉生产、研究企业和检验检测机构。

不同粒度锌粉对热渗锌涂层的性能影响研究

目的 研究SJ-01、SJ-02、SJ-03三种不同渗剂中锌粉粒度对热渗锌涂层性能影响。方法 首先,采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪对SJ-01、SJ-02、SJ-03三种渗剂的晶体结构、微观形貌及元素组成进行分析;随后,通过热渗锌实验,对三种渗剂形成渗层的厚度、硬度、微观形貌、结合力、耐蚀性进行检测,以评价渗剂中锌粉粒度对各项指标造成的影响,并筛选出最佳的热渗锌渗剂。结果 相较于SJ-02、SJ-03两种渗剂,SJ-01渗剂中锌粉粒径较小,且分布均匀,使其在热渗锌扩散过程中得到更加均匀、平整、厚度更大的渗层结构,进而获得更加优异的显微硬度(417.1 HV)、基材结合力(24.07 MPa)、耐腐蚀能力。结论 含有较小粒径且均匀分布锌粉的SJ-01渗剂制备的热渗锌涂层综合性能最优。

超声辅助电积法回收铜镉渣中镉、锌的试验研究

采用电积置换法回收铜镉渣中镉时,电积过程会产生漂浮海绵镉,导致镉回收效率低,且不利于后续的压团冶炼。本文在分析镉电积的原理基础上,利用超声波的空化作用,进行了超声波辅助镉电积试验,考察了电流密度、温度、超声功率、阴阳极面积比和电积时间等因素对镉回收率的影响,得到以下主要结论。循环伏安测试结果表明,在硫酸盐体系中,电积可将电解液中的镉置换出来,且镉优于锌先电积析出,随着电积的进行,镉外层的锌会部分返溶;有无超声波辅助的镉电积对比试验表明,无超声波辅助时镉回收率为16.25%,且电积出的镉组织蓬松、孔隙多,易漂浮,180 W超声波辅助下镉回收率为25.11%,且电积出的金属镉致密,易掉落;单因素试验结果表明,在电流密度150 A/m^(2)、温度35℃、超声功率240 W、阴阳极板面积比1:3、电积时间2.5 h条件下,浸出液中镉回收率能达到100%;不同温度的电化学试验表明,温度升高有利于镉的析出,而且析出的金属锌易被氧化溶解,金属镉难被氧化溶解,从而提高镉的回收率和纯度。

渗剂中Al含量对渗锌层质量的影响

利用机械能助渗法在不同Al含量渗剂下制备了Q235钢表面渗锌层。采用金相显微镜、硬度等手段表征了渗层的表面性能。结果表明,Al含量为4%的1#渗锌试样形成了60μm左右的结构致密、表面平整、硬度较高的渗锌层。但是随着渗剂粉末中Al粉含量的增加,渗锌层厚度降低,平整度变差,在渗层表面形成了大量的凸起,并在渗锌层的截面出现裂纹,引起渗锌层硬度持续下降。