Assessment of Breast Cancer Prevention Practices among Women Attending Primary Health Care in Abha City, Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with breast cancer being the most common (2.26 million new cases and 685,000 deaths). In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer ranked the first among females in 2014, accounting for 15.9% of all cancers reported among Saudi nationals and 28.7% of all cancers reported among females of all ages. Early detection of breast cancer could decrease the risks, have a better prognosis, and have better outcomes/more successful treatments. Prevalence of breast cancer reached more than 25% of all diagnosed cancer in the kingdom among women. Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge and performance of women attending primary care centers about breast self-examination and mammogram screening for prevention and early detection of breast cancer in Abha city primary healthcare centers, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Research Method: cross sectional design was conducted by using questionnaire, which was distributed to primary care center nurses. The collected data was statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25. Results: The study found that participants had poor awareness and knowledge about breast self-examination, risk factors for breast cancer, and trends and practices in early diagnosis of breast cancer. Conclusion and Recommendations: It recommends increasing awareness campaigns and providing educational programs to improve knowledge and practices.

Evaluation of Attending Medical Teams and Their Impact on the DRG Components of Cholecystectomy

Objective:This study assessed the role of the attending medical team in the cost control of the cholecystectomy DRG components.Methods:The association between team structure,workflow,and treatment outcomes was analyzed using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data and qualitative interviews from 628 patients.Results:Inter-professional teamwork significantly affected length of stay,treatment costs,and recurrence rates,with experienced teams performing better in terms of emergency response and collaborative efficiency.Patient satisfaction was generally high,indicating that good teamwork enhances treatment outcomes.Significance:The study highlights the importance of optimizing team configuration to improve the quality,efficiency,and cost control of healthcare.

从Attending制到病人选择医生制的改革实践

我院建院以来,学习和借鉴美国医院管理的体制和模式,取得了良好的效果和效益.建院后一开始我院在医疗工作中就实施"Attending"负责制,2000年9月份起开始推出病人选择医生制,其宗旨是一切以病人为中心,更好地满足病人的需求.

ATTENDING负责制和医疗质量管理

介绍了Attending负责制的特点,Attending负责制在实施过程中遇到的问题和对策,及尚需进一步完善的方面,以及Attending负责制下医疗质量管理的具体实施情况。

Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Classes at Primary Health Center in Ibadan, Nigeria

Maternal mortality has been reported to be a challenge globally, with the highest maternal mortality in Africa. However, the first target for the third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) is to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. To achieve this goal, pregnant women’s knowledge of birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is a key. Therefore, this study set out to assess knowledge of birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women attending antenatal classes. This pilot study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design using quantitative approach. Structured questionnaire was used to generate data from 46 respondents after obtaining ethical approval for the study. All data collected were adequate for data analysis. The mean age is 27.71 years with a standard deviation of 5.85, the average booking time was 4.69 months. Among the respondents who had given birth before, the average number of children was two children (1.8571). After categorizing the knowledge scores, 52.2% of the women have good knowledge of obstetric danger signs, 20 (43.5%) of the women have poor knowledge of BPCR and 32 (69.6%) of the respondents have good knowledge of skilled birth attendants. In conclusion, there is a need to formulate policies and strategies that will help to improve pregnant women’s knowledge of BPCR if the first target of the third SDG will be achieved.

Attendance or Tradition:Who Is Interested in Church Music Today

Religious practices in general,but primarily Christian ones,are undergoing major changes in the modern world,which is rapidly changing day by day.One of the most revealing manifestations of these changes is liturgical music,which has always been considered“traditional”,whereas the boundaries of the tradition have been subject to sharp disputes between those responsible for the church ritual and its accessories.The palette of the musical environment of modern church in terms of attendance and congregational acceptability in its sustainable development is addressed in the article based on recent research,in particular,several related studies by A.Rosenblatt,who over the past two decades has explored different aspects of church music heard in the field and presented in various hymnal books.Summary of this review allows us to consider a tangle of reasons to the preference for this or that musical style,which often completely excludes purely musical tastes and preferences.

邵医Attending:从“最早”走向“最好”

引进、探索、实践、改进,＂邵医模式＂的成功,使主诊医师负责制在我国一炮而红。1994年,一所集＂医、教、研＂为一体的综合性公立三甲教学医院——浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院（以下简称＂邵医＂）成立。作为一家中美＂混血＂的医院,从建院开始,邵医就在美国罗马琳达大学医学中心管理专家团队的带领下,原汁原味引进了美国医院管理的先进理念、管理体制和模式。其中,主诊医师负责制（Attending制）最具代表性。当时。

Attending IBM & SAM

The delegation of China Acrobats Association, twelve people with Lin Jian, Vice President of China Acrobats Association as a director, went to America to attend the 79th Annual Convention of International Brotherhood of Magic (IBM) and the Magic Convention of Society of American Magicians 2007 from June 26th, 2007 to July 8th, 2007.

The Delegation Led by LI Xin-ya Attending the 67th World Foundry Congress

Invited by Mr. Matthew Poole, Chairman of the Organization Committee of the 67th World Foundry Congress, the delegation of Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society (FICMES) led by LI Xin-ya, President of China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology, more recently attended the 67th World Foundry Congress, and visited the Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden; LOCOMO Cast Steel Company, Metso Corporation, Finland; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; and Brunel University, United Kingdom. During the period of the Congress and in the course of visiting, the delegation had deeply technical exchanges with the organizations mentioned above in the fields of such technologies as numerical simulation and design of foundry technical processes, special materials and advanced casting technology for hydraulic turbines and steam turbines, dual-phase steels casting, nuclear shielding materials manufacturing, rheology and semi-solid casting technology, design and development of medium-frequency induction heating furnaces and so on. Both of them are on the chance of cooperation. The visiting of the delegation is quite successful. The 69th World Foundry Congress has been determined by World Foundry Organization to be held in China and it will be organized by Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society and China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology. The World Foundry Congress to be held in China will play the active role in facilitating the Chinese foundrymen to further understand and master the advanced foundry technologies in the world and promoting the digitalization, informatization and greening development of China?蒺s foundry technology.

China Attending the 28^(th) ISO/REMCO Meeting

The 28th annual meeting of ISO/REMCO (the Committee on Reference Material of ISO) was held in Geneva,Switzerland,on April 18-21,2005,hosted by ISO Central Secretariat. About 41 representatives coming from 35 member countries and organizations participated in the annual meeting. Ms Xu Dajun from CAS (China Association for Standardization),Ms Liu Xiaojian from CNCA (Certification and Accreditation Administration of P.R.C) and Mr. Zhang Tianyou from Beijing Institute of New Technology Application attended the meeting and gave reports.

Attending Foreign Political Figures Spoke Highly of the Dialogue

Olusegun Obasanjo,former President of Nigeria:In an era of globalization,understanding and cooperation is a bridge for better relations among countries.Countries should further develop non-governmental exchanges to promote understanding and cooperation.This year’s Dialogue has a clear theme and a broad and global participation of foreign representatives

Lung Function Impairment among Gasoline Attendants: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Occupational health is an important consideration, especially for people that work in an environment with pollutants. Gasoline attendants are individuals that work in filling stations. They are constantly exposed to gasoline fumes and automobile engine products from vehicle exhaust. This increases the risk of acute and chronic respiratory diseases and carcinogenesis among them. The risk of health complications tends to increase with the duration of exposure. The study aimed to determine the proportion of gasoline attendants with lung function impairment. Methods and Materials: Two hundred and eight eligible participants were recruited for this study. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in Esan West local government area of Edo state, Nigeria. The study was carried out for a period of six months from December 2015 to May 2016. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic characteristics, work history, mode of exposure and duration of exposure to petrol fumes. Lung function was assessed using a DTspiro spirometer (Model POP 10. Serial no 110843-005);also the anthropometric parameters of the respondent were measured. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 20.0. Frequency and percentages were used to present categorical data. The mean and standard deviation of continuous variables were calculated and compared using the student’s t-test. The criteria of significant association were assumed for a p-value less than 0.05. Results: A total of one hundred and forty petrol pump attendants and one hundred and forty controls participated in this study. The mean age for petrol pump attendants was 24 ± 3.1 years and 23 ± 2.8 years for the control group. There were no significant differences in the gender distribution and anthropometric parameters as observed in this study. The lung impairment pattern observed in this study was obstructive in twelve (8.6%) gasoline pump attendants and restrictive pattern in thirty-nine (27.9%) gasoline pump attendants, while only four (2.9%) had an obstructive pattern and twelve (8.6%) had a restrictive pattern of lung impairment among the control group. This implies that a restrictive pattern was predominant. This study also observed that there was an increase in the number of gasoline pump attendants with declined lung function compared to the control group. Conclusion: Restrictive pattern of lung impairment was more predominant than the obstructive pattern among gasoline pump attendants. As a result, public health interventions should be instituted among these individuals, especially in developing countries.

Increase in Salivary Alpha-Amylase Levels among Non-Attending Junior High School Students Diagnosed with Social Anxiety Disorder

Purpose: Several studies have demonstrated that the measurement of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) levels is a useful tool for evaluating the autonomic nervous system. Psychosocial stress increases the release of sAA as a useful marker for autonomic nervous system (ANS). To our knowledge, although some studies have evaluated sAA levels under psychosocial stress, no studies have investigated the changes in sAA activity that occur in junior high school students who are not attending school due to social anxiety disorder (SAD). We aimed to investigate the relationship between the sAA levels and psychiatric states of such patients. Methods: The study subjects consisted of SAD patients (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 57). We used a portable hand-held monitor to measure the level of sAA and State-Trait Anxiety Index (STAI) to evaluate the psychiatric state. Results: The patients’ sAA activity was significantly higher than that of the controls (n = 57) (p < 0.001). Significant differences in heart rate (HR) (76.10 ± 11.96 vs. 68.69 ± 10.61, respectively, p < 0.01) and STAI scores (both the STAI-State and STAI-Trait scores) (49.35 ± 10.57 vs. 41.24 ± 8.59, respectively, p < 0.01;55.69 ± 10.44 vs. 45.61 ± 9.36, respectively, p < 0.001) were detected between the patients and healthy controls. Conclusions: These results indicated that junior high school students with SAD exhibit a higher state of anxiety and high autonomic activity, probably due to changes in the sympathetic nervous system. As a result, junior high school students with SAD are expected to exhibit high levels of sAA accompanied by anxiety symptoms.

Tian Shihong attends the 120th ISO Council Meeting

The 120th Meeting of ISO Council was held on February 21-23 in Geneva,Switzerland.Tian Shihong,Vice Minister of State Administration for Market Regulation(SAMR)and Administrator of Standardization Administration of China(SAC),led the Chinese delegation to attend the meeting.

Lung Function Impairment among Gasoline Attendants: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Occupational health is an important consideration, especially for people that work in an environment with pollutants. Gasoline attendants are individuals that work in filling stations. They are constantly exposed to gasoline fumes and automobile engine products from vehicle exhaust. This increases the risk of acute and chronic respiratory diseases and carcinogenesis among them. The risk of health complications tends to increase with the duration of exposure. The study aimed to determine the proportion of gasoline attendants with lung function impairment. Methods and Materials: Two hundred and eight eligible participants were recruited for this study. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in Esan West local government area of Edo state, Nigeria. The study was carried out for a period of six months from December 2015 to May 2016. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic characteristics, work history, mode of exposure and duration of exposure to petrol fumes. Lung function was assessed using a DTspiro spirometer (Model POP 10. Serial no 110843-005);also the anthropometric parameters of the respondent were measured. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 20.0. Frequency and percentages were used to present categorical data. The mean and standard deviation of continuous variables were calculated and compared using the student’s t-test. The criteria of significant association were assumed for a p-value less than 0.05. Results: A total of one hundred and forty petrol pump attendants and one hundred and forty controls participated in this study. The mean age for petrol pump attendants was 24 ± 3.1 years and 23 ± 2.8 years for the control group. There were no significant differences in the gender distribution and anthropometric parameters as observed in this study. The lung impairment pattern observed in this study was obstructive in twelve (8.6%) gasoline pump attendants and restrictive pattern in thirty-nine (27.9%) gasoline pump attendants, while only four (2.9%) had an obstructive pattern and twelve (8.6%) had a restrictive pattern of lung impairment among the control group. This implies that a restrictive pattern was predominant. This study also observed that there was an increase in the number of gasoline pump attendants with declined lung function compared to the control group. Conclusion: Restrictive pattern of lung impairment was more predominant than the obstructive pattern among gasoline pump attendants. As a result, public health interventions should be instituted among these individuals, especially in developing countries.

从工具法到保障法:刑事诉讼法的功能转型

《刑事诉讼法》的制定和历次修改都是统一历史进程的一部分,应当从历史发展中寻找修改的方向。刑事诉讼法曾经被视为阶级斗争的“刀把子”和打击犯罪的工具,程序规则的构建也以专门机关办案为中心,个体行使权利的空间十分有限。以“尊重和保障人权”入法为标志,刑事诉讼法的功能发生转型,日益成为权利保障法。但迄今为止,这种转型尚未完成,刑事诉讼法中仍遗留不少以“刀把子”思维为底层逻辑的制度。在本轮刑事诉讼法修改中,应当依据权利保障法的定位对这样的制度进行识别并加以改革。

文苑近侍:清入关前大学士的职能角色与权力演变

清代内阁可追溯至入关前即已设立的文馆。早在努尔哈赤时期,在汗周围就活跃着一支文化素养较高的满洲“巴克什”群体,皇太极继位后将其组织化,分掌翻译典籍、记注国史。然而天聪中后期,伴随汗权的集中与君主权威的奠定,作为亲信侍从的文馆诸臣亦转向传谕宣旨、顾问机宜、外出差遣等方面,日常职司呈现出明显的政务化趋向。至崇德年间,清廷始置内三院,大学士凭借“天子近臣”的身份无论是在国家政治生活中的地位,还是用人行政中的实际话语权均明显提高,但从法定职掌来看,其仍为一介儒臣。总之,儒臣兼具近侍的双重政治角色构成了清入关前大学士的基本特征。