Production of super-high strength aluminum alloy billets by low frequency electromagnetic casting

The effects of low frequency electromagnetic field on the macro-physical fields in the semi-continuous casting process of aluminum alloys and the microstructure and crack in the billets were studied and analyzed by the numerical and experimental methods.Comparison of the results for the macro-physical fields in the low frequency electromagnetic casting（LFEC） process with the conventional DC casting process indicates the following characters due to the application of electromagnetic field：an entirely changed direction and remarkably increased velocity of melt flow;a uniform distribution and a decreased gradient of temperature;elevated isothermal lines;a reduced sump depth;decreased stress and plastic deformation.Further,the microstructure of the billets is refined remarkably and the crack in the billets is eliminated in LFEC process because of modification of the macro-physical fields induced by the application of low frequency electromagnetic field.

某超高层项目钢管混凝土组合柱应用

某超高层项目荷载较大,导致框架柱截面较大,严重影响建筑空间使用。采用钢管混凝土组合柱,和型钢混凝土柱相比,标准层每根柱节约建筑有效使用面积1.5~1.8m^(2),结构主体成本节约近1000万元。提出了对钢管进行开孔的梁柱节点做法并分析五种不同节点方案,采用大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS进行仿真分析,充分考虑框架梁对节点的约束作用,得到五种节点方案的极限承载力及钢管的最大应力,结果表明采用钢管开孔的梁柱节点做法可行,并得到最合理的开孔形式;分别对7种不同箍筋形式进行受力性能分析,并考虑实际施工因素,得到最为合理的箍筋设置形式。

Population Construction and Super-high Yield Characteristics of Japonica Super Rice in Cold Regions

[Objective] This study was conducted to construct a super-high yield population of Japnica rice in cold regions of North China and to explore its characteristics. [Method] The super rice variety Longjing 21 was selected as the experimental material. Different row spacing（two levels）, plant spacing（three levels） and seedling number per hill（three levels） were designed in field trials. Then, the growth stages,dry matter accumulation, leaf area, yield and yield components of these different treatments were measured. [Result] Rice yield had significantly negative correlation with plant spacing and row spacing, but no significant correlation with seedling number per hill. Rice yield was mainly affected by plant spacing, and less affected by seedling number per hill. The best recommended specifications for plant spacing of super rice variety Longjing 21 were 24 cm for row spacing, 12 cm for plant spacing and five seedlings per hill, and the expected yield was 10 473.0 kg/hm^2.The increased number of total spikelets（4.5×108hm2or more） in populations was the major reason for high yield. Super-high yield populations had fewer tillers at the early growth stage and achieved the expected number of productive tillers at critical leaf-age（June 25）, and tiller number peaked at jointing stage（July 6） and was about 1.2 times of the expected number. The percentage of productive tillers in total tillers of super-high yield population was more than 85% at heading stage. At middle growth stage（from jointing to heading stage）, the dry matter accumulation, leaf area index（LAI） at heading stage, effective leaf area, spikelet number of population,spikelet number per leaf area unit（cm2）, and culm-sheath weight per stem of super-high yield population were significantly higher than those of other populations.At late growth stage（from heading to maturity stage）, the leaf area decreasing rate of super-high yield population was significantly smaller than that of other populations. At late growth stage（from heading to maturity stage）, the leaf area decreasing rate, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, biomass accumulation, number of filled grains per leaf area unit（cm^2） and grain weight per leaf area unit（cm^2） of high-yield population were significantly higher than those of other populations. Output and translocation of dry matter（weight per stem and sheath and total filling rate at maturity） from heading to milky stage of super-high yield population were significantly higher than those of other populations. [Conclusion] The characteristics of superhigh yield rice in cold region of North China are enriching the amount of actual filling of sink through improving photosynthetic efficiency from heading to maturity stage on the basis of enough panicle numbers.

巷旁充填留巷顶板结构分析与围岩控制技术

为研究沿空留巷顶板结构特征及其支护技术,基于弹性力学薄板理论,建立了沿空留巷顶板悬板结构模型,推演了两种边界条件下悬板主应力表达式,构建了应力比例系数作为薄板破坏判据,研发了沿空留巷巷内顶板斜拉锚索加强支护、巷旁超高水材料复合支护技术。研究结果表明:锚网索支护沿空留巷过程中实施超前预裂切顶,顶板可形成悬板结构,该结构随上覆顶板运动可形成一对边简支一对边自由和一对边固支简支一对边自由两种悬板形式;在矿山压力作用下两种悬板破坏部位不同,可以此作为布置顶板斜拉锚索的依据;顶板斜拉锚索对悬板起悬吊和水平挤压作用。现场试验结果证明了理论分析的可靠性。

某250m超高层建筑的塔楼结构设计分析

某超高层建筑高度为249.9m高度,位于6度设防地震烈度区,是采用叠合柱、型钢剪力墙并带有斜柱转换的框架-核心筒(双筒)结构体系。分析了整体结构在地震作用下的变化,并采用有限元软件着重分析了斜柱、型钢剪力墙和楼层楼板等构件的受力特点。结果表明,结构可满足“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”的预期抗震性能目标要求,承载能力、变形能力、层间弹塑性位移、层间位移角可满足抗震性能目标C的各项抗震性能水准要求。

钢管约束型钢混凝土柱设计及施工

文中以某超高层建筑为例,对钢管约束型钢混凝土柱的设计及施工进行了深入探析,并利用有限元软件模拟分析了该构件的力学性能。结果表明,设置斜拉加劲肋后的极限承载力为510kN,比未设置加筋肋的极限承载力提高了27.5%,斜拉加劲肋可限制钢管向外鼓曲,增强加劲肋的约束作用。通过对施工后钢管约束型钢混凝土柱变形以及混凝土强度进行检测,柱的垂直度偏差以及平行度偏差分别为1.3、2.6mm,且其浇筑完成后柱,混凝土表面无破损,抗压强度满足设计要求,表明采用上述的设计方案安全可靠。

高填方机场超高挡墙边坡深层抗滑敏感性分析

为满足山区高填方机场的建设需求,针对超高挡墙建设的难题,开展边坡深层抗滑敏感性分析。通过计算分析,对比基岩软弱层、层面和反倾结构面的不同组合工况,探究各敏感因素对深层抗滑稳定性的影响,明确最不利组合工况。结果表明:局部发育软弱层对深层抗滑稳定性的影响较小;层面和反倾结构面分布越深对深层抗滑稳定性的影响越小;层面过墙踵,拐点位于墙趾竖直面时为最不利工况。

临沂金水湾二期超高层结构设计

临沂金水湾二期超高层项目结构高度153.3m,属于高震区超高层超限结构,地上结构采用钢管混凝土框架⁃钢筋混凝土核心筒混合结构,塔楼外框柱均倾斜布置以满足建筑外立面的变化。采用YJK和ETABS两种软件对主塔楼结构进行了弹性分析,并采用PERFORM⁃3D软件进行了动力弹塑性分析。从结构体系、性能设计等方面对超高层结构设计进行了简要论述,并对梭形超高层建筑的斜柱设计要点、环带桁架、底层分叉柱以及结构动力弹塑性四个方面进行了详细分析、介绍,最后给出了上述要点的计算结论和构造建议。

杭州星创城综合体项目塔楼A超高层结构抗震性能化设计

杭州星创城综合体项目塔楼A地上45层、地下2层,结构高194.3m,结构形式为圆形钢管混凝土框架-钢筋混凝土核心筒,结构同时存在扭转不规则、楼板开洞等情况。为了实现结构预定的抗震性能目标,首先对可选的两种结构体系方案进行了优化比选,并通过设缝、优化层高解决了结构的平面、立面规则性问题。然后,采用YJK和MIDAS Gen两种计算软件对塔楼A进行了多遇地震作用下的弹性比较计算和时程分析,并通过性能设计和罕遇地震动力弹塑性时程分析,对结构在设防地震和罕遇地震作用下的响应进行了进一步的研究。最后,根据上述分析计算结果对结构的关键部位及薄弱部位采取了有针对性的加强措施。分析结果表明:整体结构及结构构件有良好的抗震性能,能满足设定的抗震性能化设计目标,结构安全可靠。

Optimization design of foundation excavation for Xiluodu super-high arch dam in China

With better understanding of the quality and physico-mechanical properties of rocks of dam foundation,and the physico-mechanical properties and structure design of arch dam in association with the foundation excavation of Xiluodu arch dam,the excavation optimization design was proposed for the foundation surface on the basis of feasibility study.Common analysis and numerical analysis results demonstrated the feasibility of using the weakly weathered rocks III1and III2as the foundation surface of super-high arch dam.In view of changes in the geological conditions at the dam foundation along the riverbed direction,the design of extending foundation surface excavation area and using consolidating grouting and optimizing structure of dam bottom was introduced,allowing for harmonization of the arch dam and foundation.Three-dimensional(3D)geomechanics model test and fi nite element analysis results indicated that the dam body and foundation have good overload stability and high bearing capacity.The monitoring data showed that the behaviors of dam and foundation correspond with the designed patterns in the construction period and the initial operation period.

超高层建筑结构体系契合性研究

为了研究超高层建筑外型与建筑功能对结构选型的影响,以两栋低烈度区约400m高的超高层建筑为案例,简要介绍了两个案例的建筑造型、使用功能、构件布置、荷载条件等基本情况;同时,对比了水平荷载作用下,两案例的主要计算结果;最后,将两案例的造价与同地区相似高度建筑的造价进行了对比。结果表明:两案例既满足了建筑使用和立面美观的要求,又满足了结构受力和整体稳定安全的要求,同时均比国内高度相近的超高层建筑具有更好的经济性。说明契合建筑外观与使用功能是结构布置合理性的根本,两者和谐结合方能实现综合最优。

Effect of super-high pressure on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg_(97)Zn_(1)Y_(2) alloys

Super-high pressure(SHP)technique plays an increasing role in the fields of materials science and engineering.Herein,the Mg_(97)Zn_(1)Y_(2) alloy was heat-treated under SHP(6 GPa)by cubic-anvil large-volume press with six rams for 2 h in the temperature range of 500–1200℃.The microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated.The results indicated that the as-cast sample consists of α-Mg equiaxed dendrites and continuous lamellar long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase in grain boundaries.After the SHP treatment,the LPSO phase is gradually replaced by eutectic phase(Mg,Zn)_(3)Y with increasing temperature.The microhardness and strength of sample prepared at 1100℃ under SHP treatment are significantly improved compared with the as-cast one at room temperature.The improved mechanical behaviors are mainly attributed to LPSO phase kink-banding strengthening at low temperature and the precipitation strengthening of a large amount of fine(Mg,Zn)_(3)Y particles at high temperature after SHP treatment.It reveals the SHP is an effective approach to prepare high performance Mg alloys.

The development of super-high collapse resistant casing

Super-high collapse resistant casings were developed by using Ti, Nb and V microalloyed CrMo steel and cross rolling techniques. A transmission electron microscope（TEM） and X-ray diffractometer were used to observe the characteristics of the microstructure. It was found that the （ 111 ） texture and the nano-scale precipitates distribute in a way that is beneficial to the collapse resistance, and the collapse strength of the prepared casing had a measurement, which was approximately 60% higher than the API standard value. A design concept to attain super-high collapse resistance is proposed based on the texture design and microstructure control.

The Heat Treatment Behavior of Super-High Strength Aluminum Alloys by Spray Forming

In order to understand the stress corrosion behavior of super-high strength aluminum alloys by spray forming, different aluminum alloys by different heat treatment was made. The results showed that the alloy with peak aging has the most sensitive stress corrosion cracking, the crack can even be seen using eyes;the alloys with two step aging were better than one step aging alloys, the alloys has not been found stress corrosion cracking.

Super-High Initial Velocity Mechanism of Bullet Propulsion with Adaptive Pressure-Maintaining Chamber

To deal with the problem that the initial velocity of the bullet is difficult to increase,the research on the super-high initial velocity propulsion in the barrel weapon with an adaptive pressure-maintaining chamber are conducted.Considering the law of gun-powder burning and the flow characteristics of gun-powder gas in multi-chamber,the scheme of super-high initial velocity propulsion with an adaptive pressure-maintaining chamber is designed,the ballistic model of the barrel weapon with super-high velocity bullet propulsion is established.The research results show that the technical scheme can greatly increase the initial velocity of the bullet with the peak pressure keeping nearly the same as the tradition barrel weapon.The research results can provide a theoretical foundation to significantly increase the initial velocity in barrel weapons using solid propellants,and have an important reference value to comprehensively increase the power of the barrel weapons.

超高层巨型钢管混凝土柱施工技术

针对超高层建筑施工中存在的巨型钢管混凝土柱安装精度与位形控制、混凝土浇筑质量控制和施工过程变形控制难度大的问题,结合工程实际,提出了巨型钢管混凝土柱施工关键技术。从钢管柱深化设计与加工、钢管柱安装、钢管柱-混凝土梁节点施工和钢管混凝土浇筑等方面进行了研究,分析了混凝土收缩徐变和钢管初应力对巨型钢管混凝土柱施工的影响,提出了超高层钢管柱施工过程变形监测方法,保证了巨型钢管混凝土柱施工的安全和质量。

Super-high bed sintering for iron ores:behaviors,causes and solutions of horizontal segregation on strand

Horizontal segregation has been a constraint to the development and application of super-high bed sintering.To eliminate the horizontal segregation of super-high bed sintering,several typical sintering machines were sampled and analyzed,and theoretical calculation was made to compare the bed depth and their differences in different areas within the mixture bin.Then,solutions were proposed and applied to a 265 m^(2) sintering machine.The results showed that the horizontal seg-regation of the 265 m^(2) sintering machine was dominated by particles larger than 8 mm with horizontal segregation degree of 0.48,while 360 and 550 m^(2) sintering machines were affected by 5-8 mm and 1-3 mm particles with horizontal segregation degree of 0.27 and 0.31,respectively.Causes analysis indicated the different segregation distribution results from the matching of the bed depth of each area within the mixture bin.Finally,the horizontal segregation degree not larger than 0.06 was achieved by optimizing the time parameters and the division of three zones on the 265 m^(2) sintering machine.

Super-high bed sintering for iron ores:problems ascertainment

Super-high bed sintering process is an important development direction of iron ore sintering for its lower emission and higher yield.However,there is a lack of deep understanding of the uneven quality of super-high bed sintering products,and the deterioration of reduction disintegration performance,the thickening of hearth layer and the reduction in energy-saving effect are perplexing enterprises and researchers.To ascertain the problems of super-high bed sintering,ten sintering machines with the areas of 265,280,360,550 and 660 m^(2)and bed depth above 900 mm were sampled and analyzed.The results showed that problems were mainly shown in the unevenness of chemical composition,macrostructure,mechanical strength and metallurgical performance.The chemical composition exhibits severe segregation in both horizontal and vertical directions,with basicity segregation reaching as high as 0.81.The uneven macrostructure of sinter is reflected in a 10%difference in porosity and mechanical strength increase in 16%–19%along the vertical direction.The reducibility and reduction disintegration performance gradually deteriorate along the bed depth,with a difference of 10.5%in reducibility and 7.3%in RDI−0.5 mm(reduction disintegration index of sinter with size smaller than 0.5 mm).

Super-high bed sintering for iron ores: inhomogeneous phenomena and its mechanism during mineralizing

The inhomogeneous sinter properties in super-high bed sintering have been reported in our previous research.To inves-tigate the reasons for the inhomogeneous phenomena,detailed sampling and analysis of mixed material bed and sintered bed in super-high bed sintering plant were executed.The results indicated that the higher porosity and thinner dendrite of silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum in the upper layer as well as dense structure and higher secondary hematite content in the lower layer led to the heterogeneities of mechanical strength and reduction properties exceeding 20%and 10%,respectively.From the bed top downward,the basicity of mixed material decreased from 2.13 to 1.68 because the average particle size increased from 2.65 to 4.56 mm.Fluxes and fuels gathered in finer particles(-3 mm)of mixed material,and the-3 mm particles of mixed material generated more liquid phase than+3 mm ones.The heat input of super-high sintering bed was inhomogeneous due to the heat accumulation effect and unreasonable fuel distribution.The inhomo-geneous sintering heat condition in sintering bed resulted in the different quantities and properties of liquid phase.The inhomogeneous quantities and properties of liquid phase that were influenced by inhomogeneous distribution of chemical composition,particle size,and heat input led to inhomogeneous mineralizing results.Homogeneous mineralizing condition is the key for homogeneous super-high bed sintering.

深业泰富银盈大厦结构选型与性能化设计

深业泰富银盈大厦位于深圳市罗湖笋岗片区,超高层塔楼为集办公和底部商业为一体的综合体。介绍了主塔楼的结构体系选型与性能化设计。塔楼结构高度为244.1m,地上53层,地下5层。结构体系采用带腰桁架的钢管混凝土框架-钢筋混凝土核心筒混合结构体系,外框架由钢管柱与型钢梁组成。结构立面呈下部、上部矩形,中部收缩为类椭圆形,外框柱中部呈曲线布置而产生一系列的斜柱。重点分析了加强层的布置对抗侧刚度的提高效应,分析了不同加强层方案对结构性能的影响,介绍了斜柱引起的水平构件内力变化,针对结构特点采用了相应的抗震加强措施。最终通过合理的结构设计,保证塔楼整体结构与构件满足抗风与抗震的性能要求。