Development of CAD/CAM system and profile measuring device for CNC grinding machine to obtain an optimal grinding speed

Cam mechanics is one of the most popular devices for generating irregular motions and is widely used in automatic equipment,such as textile machines,internal combustion engines,and other automatic devices.In order to obtain a positive motion from the follower using a rotating cam,its shape should be correctly designed and manufactured.The development of an adequate CAD/CAM system for a cam profile CNC grinding machine is necessary to manufacture high-precision cams.The purpose of this study is the development of a CAD/CAM system and profile measuring device for a CNC grinding machine to obtain an optimal grinding speed with a constant surface roughness.Three types of disk cams were manufactured using the proposed algorithm and procedures to verify effectiveness of the developed CAD/CAM system.

Theoretical Study on Non-transmission High Efficient Parallel Camber Grinding Machine

Be directed against the development trend of modern CNC grinding machine towards high precision and high efficiency, some general weaknesses of existing camber grinding machine are analyzed in detail. In order to develop new type CNC camber grinding machine that can grind complex die, and genuinely achieved accurate feed and high efficient grinding, a new type camber grinding machine is put forward, called non-transmission virtual-shaft CNC camber grinding machine. Its feed system is a parallel mechanism that is directly driven by linear step motor. Therefore, traditional transmission types, such as the ball lead-screw mechanisms, the gears, the hydraulic transmission system, etc. are cancelled, and the feed system of new type CNC camber grinding machine can truly possess non-creep, good accuracy retentiveness a wide range of feed-speed change, high kinematical accuracy and positioning precision, etc. In order to realize that the cutting motion is provided with high grinding speed, step-less speed variation, high rotational accuracy, good dynamic performance, and non-transmission, the driving technology of hollow rotor motor is applied to drive the spindle of new type grinding machine,thus leading to the elimination of the transmission parts of cutting motion. The principle structure model of new type camber grinding machine is advanced. The selection, control gist and driving circuit line of the linear step motor are expounded. The main technology characteristics and application advantages of non-transmission virtual-shaft CNC camber grinding machine are introduced.

Characterization and Analysis of Inconel 718 Alloy Ground at Different Speeds

Inconel 718(IN718)alloy is widely applied to fabricate high temperature resistant or corrosion resistant parts due to its excellent mechanical performance.However,the machining of IN718 alloy is difficult as it may cause serious tool wear and poor surface quality(SQ)of the workpiece.In this work,grinding experiments on IN718 alloy at different speeds were conducted by using a CBN grinding wheel.The relationship between grinding speed,SQ and subsurface damage(SSD)was well studied.With increasing grinding speed,surface roughness decreased,and SQ was greatly improved.Meanwhile,the microhardness of the grinding surface declined as the grinding speed increased.The SSD depth was almost unchanged when the grinding speed was lower than 15 m/s,then it decreased with higher grinding speeds.It was attributed to the mechanical-thermal synergistic effect in the grinding process.The results indicated that increasing grinding speed can effectively improve the SQ and reduce the SSD of IN718 alloy.The conclusion in the work may also provide insight into processing other hard-to-machining materials.

Applications of High-Efficiency Abrasive Process with CBN Grinding Wheel

High-efficiency abrasive process with CBN grinding wheel is one of the important techniques of advanced manufacture. Combined with raw and finishing machining, it can attain high material removal rate like turning, milling and planning. The difficult-to-grinding materials can also be ground by means of this method with high performance. In the present paper, development status and latest progresses on high-efficiency abrasive machining technologies with CBN grinding wheel relate to high speed and super-high speed grinding, quick point-grinding, high efficiency deep-cut grinding, creep feed deep grinding, heavy-duty snagging and abrasive belt grinding were summarized. The efficiency and parameters range of these abrasive machining processes were compared. The key technologies of high efficiency abrasive machining, including grinding wheel, spindle and bearing, grinder, coolant supplying, installation and orientation of wheel and workpiece and safety defended, as well as intelligent monitor and NC grinding were investigated. It is concluded that high efficiency abrasive machining is a promising technology in the future.

风电轴承大尺寸钢球光球加工技术

针对国内现有风电轴承大尺寸钢球光球机加工精度低,加工效率低的问题,对钢球在光球机动、静磨盘沟道内的运动规律、受力特点和磨削机理进行分析,光球时钢球受到的磨削力与动、静磨盘沟道深度比有关,并基于ADAMS仿真得到最佳动、静磨盘沟道深度比为7∶3,去两极和环带、成形、走圆工序最佳动磨盘转速分别为90,120,90 r/min。样机试验结果表明,改进后光球机的光球效率提高了30%,球形误差至少提高了0.2 mm,表面粗糙度Ra值至少减小了0.03 mm。

基于五轴平台的枞树型轮槽铣刀加工工艺分析

轮槽成型铣刀是加工汽轮机轮毂槽的重要工具,其结构复杂且加工困难。为提高加工效率和精度,以某型高速钢轮槽铣刀为例,提出基于五轴平台的加工工艺方法。使用UG软件基于五轴车铣复合机床规划粗加工刀具路径,并采用专用后置处理器生成数控加工程序,通过虚拟机床进行仿真验证;采用NUMROTO软件规划精加工路径,获得磨削NC代码并进行虚拟加工验证;进行实际切削验证,通过DOOSAN PUMA SMX2600ST车铣复合加工中心对刀具进行粗加工后,在SAACKE UWIF五轴工具磨床上完成刀具的精加工。实验结果证明,该工艺方法不仅能保证产品质量符合工艺设计要求,而且制造效率提高了20%。

磨胶辊机的发展与应用

为提高胶辊磨砺的质量和效率,介绍磨胶辊机从手动到全自动的发展历程;以纺C 7.3 tex纱为例,对比分析传统手动磨胶辊机和全自动磨胶辊机磨砺胶辊上机成纱质量指标,提出对全自动磨胶辊机的改进建议及维护保养措施,并展望全自动磨胶辊机的发展方向。指出:全自动磨胶辊机具有磨砺效率高、工艺参数设置方便、磨砺效果好、能减轻工人劳动强度等优点,但也存在砂轮易损坏、不适应倚丽胶辊组合件磨砺等问题,可通过加装砂轮自动紧急制停装置、注重磨胶辊机维护与保养、加强技术创新等,优化设备性能,提高其适用性。

车磨复合数控系统的编译器与衔接速度算法的研究与实现

针对复合型车磨数控系统的特点,本文介绍的编译器在传统NC程序编译的基础上增加了编译缓冲、指令分流、并行编译、构建编译、语句编译等功能,有效地提高了NC程序的编译效率;同时,本文阐述了车磨复合数控系统在切削加工过程中,采用高速衔接方式时编译器的衔接速度算法,与传统的连续平滑过渡模式或减速到零模式相比,该算法极大地提高了系统的加工效率和精度。试验结果表明,该编译器具有良好的可移植性和较强的译码功能。

Compound machining of silicon carbide ceramics by high speed end electrical discharge milling and mechanical grinding

A compound process that integrates end electrical discharge (ED) milling and mechanical grinding to machine silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics is developed in this paper. The process employs a turntable with several uniformly-distributed cylindrical copper electrodes and abrasive sticks as the tool, and uses a water-based emulsion as the machining fluid. End electrical discharge milling and mechanical grinding happen alternately and are mutually beneficial, so the process is able to effectively machine a large surface area on SiC ceramic with a good surface quality. The machining principle and characteristics of the technique are introduced. The effects of polarity, pulse duration, pulse interval, open-circuit voltage, discharge current, diamond grit size, emulsion concentration, emulsion flux, milling depth and tool stick number on performance parameters such as the material removal rate, tool wear ratio, and surface roughness have been investigated. In addition, the microstructure of the machined surface under different machining conditions is examined with a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive spectrometer. The SiC ceramic was mainly removed by end ED milling during the initial rough machining mode, whereas it is mainly removed by mechanical grinding during the later finer machining mode; moreover, the tool material can transfer to the workpiece surface during the compound process.

超高速磨削机床主轴空间误差激光补偿方法研究

研究超高速磨削机床主轴空间误差激光补偿方法,合理测量超高速磨削机床主轴空间误差后,提出可行的补偿方法。利用模态分析方法,分析超高速磨削机床主轴的运动特性,获取超高速磨削机床主轴加工时的频率与振型,依据主轴运动特性,测量超高速磨削机床主轴空间误差;构建空间误差测量系统,并向机床内安装激光跟踪仪,将跟踪仪测量的结果传输至空间误差测量系统,空间误差测量系统采用克里金差值方法,获取主轴固定点范围内的空间误差,得到大量的空间误差样本;利用雅可比矩阵方法,补偿若干空间误差样本,得到超高速磨削机床主轴运动状态下的误差补偿量。经实验验证:该方法测量得到的空间误差与实际误差十分接近,经补偿后采用该机床加工的工件表面粗糙度更低,且表面纹理误差与轮廓的偏斜度更小。

高速超高速磨粒加工技术的现状与新进展

高速超高速磨粒加工是先进制造方法的重要组成部分,是各种加工材料获得精确尺寸和表面完整性的主要加工方法.分析了超高速磨削、高速点磨削、高效深切磨削等高速超高速磨粒加工技术的国内外现状、最新进展及关键技术,阐述了发展高速超高速磨粒加工的重要性.

工程陶瓷材料磨削加工技术

概述了近年来国内外工程陶瓷磨削加工技术的研究进展,对高速深切磨削、超声波辅助磨削、激光预热辅助磨削、延性域磨削、在线电解修锐、电解间隙修锐磨削等几种典型的磨削加工技术的特点及最新进展进行了分析评述;提出了非导电陶瓷双电极同步伺服跟踪电火花磨削加工工艺,并介绍了其磨削加工特点及关键技术,最后指出了今后的发展及研究方向。

砂带磨削的发展及关键技术

介绍了发展砂带磨削技术的意义及砂带磨削技术的发展趋势,通过比较国内外砂带磨削技术的差距,提出了促进我国砂带磨削技术发展的关键技术,包括新型砂带研制、高端精密高效砂带磨床研制、砂带磨床标准制定等方面。

高效率磨粒加工技术发展及关键技术

高效率磨粒加工是先进制造方法的重要组成部分,集粗精加工与一身,达到可与车、铣和刨削等切削加工方法相媲美的金属磨除率,而且能实现对难磨材料的高性能加工。阐述了高速超高速磨削、快速点磨削、高效深切磨削、缓进给磨削、高速重负荷荒磨以及砂带磨削等高效率磨粒加工技术的国内外的发展及最新研究进展。研究了高效磨削砂轮、主轴及其轴承技术、高效率磨床、磨削液供给技术、砂轮、工件安装定位及安全防护技术以及磨削状态检测及数控技术等实现高效率磨粒加工的关键技术,分析了发展高效率磨粒加工的重要性。

窄深槽加工技术的研究综述与展望

针对窄深槽的加工技术包括铣削加工、拉削加工、电火花加工、电解加工等进行了分析,详细介绍了高速高效磨削技术在窄深槽加工中的应用现状,并做了采用电镀CBN砂轮高速高效磨削加工窄深槽的研究展望。

基于PLC的绝热层打磨机控制系统设计

针对小口径固体火箭发动机舱绝热层的打磨作业对自动化打磨的要求,提出利用三菱FX3U系列PLC和威纶通触摸屏,设计了一种具有正常打磨功能和断点打磨功能的PLC控制系统,该系统能够在正常打磨情况下实现绝热层的自动化打磨,也可在系统发生故障、急停、停断电的情况下实现断点打磨功能。详细论述了打磨机及其控制系统的硬件组成,并给出了打磨速度控制策略和打磨工序控制流程。实际应用结果表明,该绝热层打磨机控制系统具有操作简单、系统运行安全可靠及功能丰富等优点,且人机交互界面易于操作,能够有效地解决人工打磨造成绝热层打磨不均匀和生产效率低等问题。

高效率磨削加工技术发展

阐述了高速超高速磨削、快速点磨削、高效深切磨削、缓进给磨削、高速重负荷荒磨以及砂带磨削等高效率磨粒加工技术的国内外的发展及最新研究进展,分析了发展高效率磨粒加工的重要性。

已加工表面变质层的发展研究

表面变质层作为工件的最表层,对工件的物理及使用性能有极大的影响,因此,研究已加工表面变质层对改善工件加工性,提高其使用性能有重要意义。基于国内外学者的研究成果,总结了不同加工方式下已加工表面变质层的微观组织、形成机理、加工参数对变质层的影响规律以及变质层厚度的建模与预测等方面的研究进展,指出了存在的问题,展望了该研究领域未来需要深入探索的研究课题。揭示表面变质层的微观组织、形成机理和正确预测已加工表面变质层厚度,对改善工件表面质量和切削加工性、指导摩擦学设计都具有重要意义。

陶瓷CBN砂轮在船舶曲轴磨削中的应用

对陶瓷结合剂CBN砂轮工作层配方和砂轮基体进行优化设计后,制备了磨船舶用曲轴用CBN砂轮,并进行了磨削试验研究,对磨削后的工件表面粗糙度和振纹进行了分析。实验结果表明:砂轮修整方法对砂轮的应用效果影响较为显著;砂轮修整的最佳工艺参数为:滚轮转速3000r/min,砂轮转速450r/min,纵向移动速度250mm/min,可得到的工件表面粗糙度值Ra≤0.32μm,且无振纹、烧伤。

多转速抛光机创新设计及振动实验研究

为了提高瓷砖抛光机的效率,提出一种多转速抛光机。分析了多转速抛光机结构和原理,设计了磨头变速机构。以新多转速抛光机磨头为研究对象,建立磨头动力学模型。得出Z方向的振动大于X、Y方向的振动,并通过实验得到验证。通过实验确定了多转速抛光机粗磨磨头转速为570 r/min、压力为2.6～3.2 MPa,精磨磨头转速为475r/min、压力为2.6 MPa,抛光磨头转速为570 r/min、压力为3.2 MPa。