In this paper, statistics were analyzed concerning correlation between the storm rainfall far from typhoon and non-zonal upper-level jet stream. The results show that the jet stream at 200 hPa is constantly SW (90.2 %...In this paper, statistics were analyzed concerning correlation between the storm rainfall far from typhoon and non-zonal upper-level jet stream. The results show that the jet stream at 200 hPa is constantly SW (90.2 %) during the period in which storm rainfall occurs. Rainfall area lies in the right rear regions of the jet axes. While the storm intensifies, the jet tends to be stronger and turn non-zonal. With the MM4 model, nu-merical simulation and diagnosis were carried out for Typhoon No.9711 (Winnie) on August 19 to 20, 1997. The distant storm rainfall is tightly correlative to the jet and low-level typhoon trough. The divergence field of jet is related to the v component. The upper level can cause the allobaric wind convergence at low level. This is the result of the form of low-level typhoon trough and the strength of the storm. By scale analysis, it is found that there is a branch of middle scale transverse inverse circulation in the right entrance regions behind the jet below the 300-hPa level, which is very important to the maintenance and strengthening of storm rainfall. This branch of inverse circulation is relative to the reinforcement of jet’s non-zonal characteristics. From the field of mesoscale divergence field and non-zonal wind field, we know that the stronger symmetry caused by transverse circulation in the two sides of the jet, rainfall抯 feedback and reinforcement of jet抯 non-zonal characteristics had lead to positive feedback mechanism that was favorable of storm rainfall抯 strengthening.展开更多
Based on the previous research on the model of rainstorm weather with low-level jet in Xiangtan,using the classification result of radar echo characteristics,the wind profile data provided by new generation of weather...Based on the previous research on the model of rainstorm weather with low-level jet in Xiangtan,using the classification result of radar echo characteristics,the wind profile data provided by new generation of weather radar in Changsha and hourly rainfall data,a thorough study of the heavy rainfall from 2 to 5 July 2016 in Xiangtan was conducted. It was concluded that heavy precipitation had the characteristics of the WPSH pattern of rainstorm with low-level jet at early stage,and then it converted to cold shear jet pattern in latter stage. When low-level southwest jet began to have momentum download,that is to say,there was more than 12 m/s of southwest jet below 1 km,and it rapidly strengthened and expanded downward,it was conducive to the occurrence of short-term rainstorm. The low-level jet would not immediately cause a strong precipitation when it reached the station,with a certain lag. A positive correlation existed between the increase of low-level jet index and precipitation intensity,and low-level jet index could predict the occurrence of heavy rainfall and rain intensity.展开更多
On the basis of the budget equations for KR and KD, this paper presents the horizontal pattern of budget terms for two kinds of low level jets (LLJ ) with and without heavy rain. The results show that the mechanisms f...On the basis of the budget equations for KR and KD, this paper presents the horizontal pattern of budget terms for two kinds of low level jets (LLJ ) with and without heavy rain. The results show that the mechanisms for generating and maintaining LLJ are different, and especially, the direction of energy conversion is opposite. A positive conversion from KD to KR appears to be a necessary but not sufficient condition in the lower troposphere near the heavy rain area. The intensity and direction of energy conversion depends not only on the relative position of vorticity and divergence field, but also on the vertical profile of the jets directly.展开更多
In order to understand the activity characteristics of low-level jets in the Nanjing area,statistical analysis and comparative study are carried out on their monthly and diurnal variations,characteristics of their cor...In order to understand the activity characteristics of low-level jets in the Nanjing area,statistical analysis and comparative study are carried out on their monthly and diurnal variations,characteristics of their cores and accompanying weather conditions using wind profile data in 2005-2008 collected by two wind profilers.The results show that low-level jets have significant monthly and diurnal variations.They occur more frequently in spring and summer than in autumn and winter and are more active in early morning and at night,with the maximum wind speed usually occurring at midnight.The central part of the low-level jet occurs mainly at the height of less than 1400 meters,and the enhancement of central speed is beneficial to the appearance of precipitation.Meanwhile,when the low-level jet appears in summer,it helps cause heavy rain.The statistical results of the boundary wind profiler are well consistent with those of the tropospheric wind profiler.Two kinds of wind profilers also have the capability of continuously detecting the development of low-level jets.展开更多
受登陆北上台风“利奇马”等影响,2019年8月9~12日山东省出现连续暴雨,其中10日夜间出现降雨峰值。利用中国气象局上海台风研究所(Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,简称CMA-STI)热带气旋最佳路径数...受登陆北上台风“利奇马”等影响,2019年8月9~12日山东省出现连续暴雨,其中10日夜间出现降雨峰值。利用中国气象局上海台风研究所(Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,简称CMA-STI)热带气旋最佳路径数据、山东省自动气象站逐时降雨量、常规观测资料、中国风云二号地球静止气象卫星(FY-2G)0.1°×0.1°逐小时云顶相当黑体亮温和美国环境预报中心(National Center of Environmental Prediction,简称NCEP)1°×1°逐6 h再分析等资料,主要运用纬向风局地变化方程与大气动能方程,诊断分析降雨明显增幅与高、低层风场变化的关系。结果表明:(1)暴雨主要影响系统有高低空急流、500 hPa西风槽、850 hPa台风倒槽及“利奇马”本体环流等。10日200 hPa中纬度大尺度西南风急流东南移影响鲁西北,当天08:00(北京时,下同)850 hPa因双台风活动而形成的大尺度东南风急流突然北伸越过山东省。台风倒槽对流云与本体环流对流云先、后北移经鲁中,累积效应造成该地区10日夜间雨量最大。(2)10日20:00850 hPa章丘站东北侧出现了过程最快东风增幅,纬向运动方程诊断结果表明,东风平流是东风增加最主要原因,地转偏向力项则不利于东风增加。(3)10日20:00章丘站200 hPa西南风风力明显加大形成急流,10日08:00至11日08:00青岛站850 hPa维持东南风低空急流。同时位于高空急流右后侧与低空急流左前方是鲁中附近10日夜间降雨增幅的重要原因。章丘200 hPa与青岛850 hPa都是在最大风力之前12 h动能增加最快。动能方程诊断表明,最有利于鲁西北高空急流形成的是位能平流项,最有利于鲁东南低空急流形成的是动能垂直通量散度项。(4)10日20:00至13日08:00“利奇马”本体环流一直在影响山东,暴雨期间山东中部地形的动力作用也一直存在,而降雨的峰值是出现在10日夜间,说明10日20:00前后高、低空急流的耦合可能是山东暴雨增幅的主要影响因子。其主要作用至少有加强山东中部的垂直运动、整层水汽输送与静力不稳定度等方面。展开更多
利用山东省84个气象台站的逐日降水资料、美国国家环境预测中心和国家大气研究中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCEP/NCAR)逐日再分析资料以及中国气象局(CMA)热带...利用山东省84个气象台站的逐日降水资料、美国国家环境预测中心和国家大气研究中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCEP/NCAR)逐日再分析资料以及中国气象局(CMA)热带气旋资料中心的CMA最佳路径数据集,对1969—2020年夏季(6—8月)发生在山东的857例极端暴雨事件(Extreme rainstorm events, EREs)的时空分布特征及影响环流分型进行了分析。结果表明:山东夏季EREs主要集中在7和8月,8月极端暴雨降水量占当月总降水量的比值最大,可达53.5%。山东夏季极端暴雨降水量以及极端暴雨发生日数呈现不显著的增加趋势,8月的增加趋势最明显。使用经验正交函数分解对影响山东夏季EREs的大气环流系统进行分型,发现影响山东夏季出现EREs的环流系统主要有4类,其中,影响ERE最多的环流系统是北方气旋型,约占事件总频次的33.1%;其次是高空急流型,占比约11.3%;南方气旋型和热带气旋型的环流型影响相当,出现的概率分别为9.7%和9.4%。展开更多
基金Research on formation mechanism and prediction theory for important climatic and weather disasters in China as part of the "Development Plan for Fundamental Research in Key National Project" (G1998040908) Natural Science Foundation of China (49335060 4
文摘In this paper, statistics were analyzed concerning correlation between the storm rainfall far from typhoon and non-zonal upper-level jet stream. The results show that the jet stream at 200 hPa is constantly SW (90.2 %) during the period in which storm rainfall occurs. Rainfall area lies in the right rear regions of the jet axes. While the storm intensifies, the jet tends to be stronger and turn non-zonal. With the MM4 model, nu-merical simulation and diagnosis were carried out for Typhoon No.9711 (Winnie) on August 19 to 20, 1997. The distant storm rainfall is tightly correlative to the jet and low-level typhoon trough. The divergence field of jet is related to the v component. The upper level can cause the allobaric wind convergence at low level. This is the result of the form of low-level typhoon trough and the strength of the storm. By scale analysis, it is found that there is a branch of middle scale transverse inverse circulation in the right entrance regions behind the jet below the 300-hPa level, which is very important to the maintenance and strengthening of storm rainfall. This branch of inverse circulation is relative to the reinforcement of jet’s non-zonal characteristics. From the field of mesoscale divergence field and non-zonal wind field, we know that the stronger symmetry caused by transverse circulation in the two sides of the jet, rainfall抯 feedback and reinforcement of jet抯 non-zonal characteristics had lead to positive feedback mechanism that was favorable of storm rainfall抯 strengthening.
基金Supported by Forecasters' Special Project of Hunan Meteorological Bureau in 2016(XQKJ16C003)
文摘Based on the previous research on the model of rainstorm weather with low-level jet in Xiangtan,using the classification result of radar echo characteristics,the wind profile data provided by new generation of weather radar in Changsha and hourly rainfall data,a thorough study of the heavy rainfall from 2 to 5 July 2016 in Xiangtan was conducted. It was concluded that heavy precipitation had the characteristics of the WPSH pattern of rainstorm with low-level jet at early stage,and then it converted to cold shear jet pattern in latter stage. When low-level southwest jet began to have momentum download,that is to say,there was more than 12 m/s of southwest jet below 1 km,and it rapidly strengthened and expanded downward,it was conducive to the occurrence of short-term rainstorm. The low-level jet would not immediately cause a strong precipitation when it reached the station,with a certain lag. A positive correlation existed between the increase of low-level jet index and precipitation intensity,and low-level jet index could predict the occurrence of heavy rainfall and rain intensity.
文摘On the basis of the budget equations for KR and KD, this paper presents the horizontal pattern of budget terms for two kinds of low level jets (LLJ ) with and without heavy rain. The results show that the mechanisms for generating and maintaining LLJ are different, and especially, the direction of energy conversion is opposite. A positive conversion from KD to KR appears to be a necessary but not sufficient condition in the lower troposphere near the heavy rain area. The intensity and direction of energy conversion depends not only on the relative position of vorticity and divergence field, but also on the vertical profile of the jets directly.
基金Open Research Foundation for Radar Meteorology and Severe Weather in Nanjing(BJG201203)Research Fund for Fundamental Theories in Institute of Meteorology and oceanography,PLA University of Science and Technology+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41005018)Young Scientists Foundation(41105023)
文摘In order to understand the activity characteristics of low-level jets in the Nanjing area,statistical analysis and comparative study are carried out on their monthly and diurnal variations,characteristics of their cores and accompanying weather conditions using wind profile data in 2005-2008 collected by two wind profilers.The results show that low-level jets have significant monthly and diurnal variations.They occur more frequently in spring and summer than in autumn and winter and are more active in early morning and at night,with the maximum wind speed usually occurring at midnight.The central part of the low-level jet occurs mainly at the height of less than 1400 meters,and the enhancement of central speed is beneficial to the appearance of precipitation.Meanwhile,when the low-level jet appears in summer,it helps cause heavy rain.The statistical results of the boundary wind profiler are well consistent with those of the tropospheric wind profiler.Two kinds of wind profilers also have the capability of continuously detecting the development of low-level jets.
文摘受登陆北上台风“利奇马”等影响,2019年8月9~12日山东省出现连续暴雨,其中10日夜间出现降雨峰值。利用中国气象局上海台风研究所(Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,简称CMA-STI)热带气旋最佳路径数据、山东省自动气象站逐时降雨量、常规观测资料、中国风云二号地球静止气象卫星(FY-2G)0.1°×0.1°逐小时云顶相当黑体亮温和美国环境预报中心(National Center of Environmental Prediction,简称NCEP)1°×1°逐6 h再分析等资料,主要运用纬向风局地变化方程与大气动能方程,诊断分析降雨明显增幅与高、低层风场变化的关系。结果表明:(1)暴雨主要影响系统有高低空急流、500 hPa西风槽、850 hPa台风倒槽及“利奇马”本体环流等。10日200 hPa中纬度大尺度西南风急流东南移影响鲁西北,当天08:00(北京时,下同)850 hPa因双台风活动而形成的大尺度东南风急流突然北伸越过山东省。台风倒槽对流云与本体环流对流云先、后北移经鲁中,累积效应造成该地区10日夜间雨量最大。(2)10日20:00850 hPa章丘站东北侧出现了过程最快东风增幅,纬向运动方程诊断结果表明,东风平流是东风增加最主要原因,地转偏向力项则不利于东风增加。(3)10日20:00章丘站200 hPa西南风风力明显加大形成急流,10日08:00至11日08:00青岛站850 hPa维持东南风低空急流。同时位于高空急流右后侧与低空急流左前方是鲁中附近10日夜间降雨增幅的重要原因。章丘200 hPa与青岛850 hPa都是在最大风力之前12 h动能增加最快。动能方程诊断表明,最有利于鲁西北高空急流形成的是位能平流项,最有利于鲁东南低空急流形成的是动能垂直通量散度项。(4)10日20:00至13日08:00“利奇马”本体环流一直在影响山东,暴雨期间山东中部地形的动力作用也一直存在,而降雨的峰值是出现在10日夜间,说明10日20:00前后高、低空急流的耦合可能是山东暴雨增幅的主要影响因子。其主要作用至少有加强山东中部的垂直运动、整层水汽输送与静力不稳定度等方面。
文摘利用山东省84个气象台站的逐日降水资料、美国国家环境预测中心和国家大气研究中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCEP/NCAR)逐日再分析资料以及中国气象局(CMA)热带气旋资料中心的CMA最佳路径数据集,对1969—2020年夏季(6—8月)发生在山东的857例极端暴雨事件(Extreme rainstorm events, EREs)的时空分布特征及影响环流分型进行了分析。结果表明:山东夏季EREs主要集中在7和8月,8月极端暴雨降水量占当月总降水量的比值最大,可达53.5%。山东夏季极端暴雨降水量以及极端暴雨发生日数呈现不显著的增加趋势,8月的增加趋势最明显。使用经验正交函数分解对影响山东夏季EREs的大气环流系统进行分型,发现影响山东夏季出现EREs的环流系统主要有4类,其中,影响ERE最多的环流系统是北方气旋型,约占事件总频次的33.1%;其次是高空急流型,占比约11.3%;南方气旋型和热带气旋型的环流型影响相当,出现的概率分别为9.7%和9.4%。
