The present study aims at environmental protection through the use of plastic wastes in the production of mortar. The behavior of siliceous sand-based mortars from Togo and binders of plastic bags of the kind “voltic...The present study aims at environmental protection through the use of plastic wastes in the production of mortar. The behavior of siliceous sand-based mortars from Togo and binders of plastic bags of the kind “voltic” is analyzed. Mortar samples from a mixture of siliceous sand and binder of plastic bags are prepared and subjected to physical and mechanical tests after immersion in the hydrocarbon from 0 hour to 504 hours. The result demonstrates that hydrocarbons have no influence on mechanical properties of mortars for an immersion time below 3 hours. Between 3 hours and 24 hours the presence of hydrocarbon increases their physical and mechanical properties. After 24 hours mortars generally lose the mechanical properties of around 8% to 24% due to the loss of viscosity and cohesiveness of the binder caused by the fuel. The behavior in the face of hydrocarbons shows that the material can be used in the surface of roads by carefully avoiding that hydrocarbons remain on the roads for a period of time beyond 24 hours.展开更多
Plastic bags, though commonly used for packaging of goods, are highly durable and nonbiodegradable. Plastic bag litter serves as a negative environmental externality detrimental to animal health and natural beauty of ...Plastic bags, though commonly used for packaging of goods, are highly durable and nonbiodegradable. Plastic bag litter serves as a negative environmental externality detrimental to animal health and natural beauty of the environment. In an effort to curtail the excessive use of plastic bags in Botswana, the government introduced a plastic levy targeted at consumers at retail points. This study uses primary data collected from 367 respondents randomly selected from six geospatially and purposively selected shopping malls to determine the consumers' willingness to pay(WTP) for continued plastic bag usage and their willingness to accept(WTA)to shift to eco-friendly alternatives. The results of the study revealed that open dumping and burning of plastic litter are more common in Maun than in Gaborone. It also showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of education and WTP. Further, there is a significant variation in income and education in respect to environmental awareness. The government should improve its efforts of sensitizing the public about the improper disposal of plastic bags.展开更多
This study examined the effect of reducing disposable plastic checkout bags used in supermarkets, convenience stores, and so on in Japan. Considering that even when these checkout bags are abolished, alternative waste...This study examined the effect of reducing disposable plastic checkout bags used in supermarkets, convenience stores, and so on in Japan. Considering that even when these checkout bags are abolished, alternative waste bags should be newly produced, because these checkout bags have been reused as household waste bags so far, and the corresponding amount of oil is still necessary to produce them, the amount of oil saved by this bag reduction was found to be 0.2 L/person/year at most. Further, it was demonstrated that the necessity to purchase substitute bags may increase the household and financial burden on consumers.展开更多
This study used the Binary Logistic regression model to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce the use of plastic bags in the daily life of people in the Linh Nam ward. This study notes that households with h...This study used the Binary Logistic regression model to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce the use of plastic bags in the daily life of people in the Linh Nam ward. This study notes that households with higher incomes and higher levels of education tend to be more willing to pay. In addition, those who do not have access to information about the harmful effects of plastic bags and receive a higher proposed price often refuse to pay.展开更多
Malawians used to carry their gro-ceries around in single-use plas-tic bags of less than 60 microns.But soon,an alternative plan will be in force.As of August this year,the Supreme Court of Appeal issued a ba...Malawians used to carry their gro-ceries around in single-use plas-tic bags of less than 60 microns.But soon,an alternative plan will be in force.As of August this year,the Supreme Court of Appeal issued a ban on use of plastic bags countrywide,marking a victory for environmentalists.But the ban has come at quite a price,both cost-wise and time-wise.Since 2015,the Malawian Government has been trying to implement the ban,which was repeatedly blocked.展开更多
You’ve bought what you need.The grocery cashier asks,"Will that be paper or plastic?You reply"Plastic,please."This seems like a simple question and there are plenty of reasons we choose plastic:easier ...You’ve bought what you need.The grocery cashier asks,"Will that be paper or plastic?You reply"Plastic,please."This seems like a simple question and there are plenty of reasons we choose plastic:easier to carry,lighter than paper bags,possibly less damaging to the environment,less expensive to the shop owners,able to be used as trash bag。展开更多
Environment is facing lots of problems mainly caused by plastic bags.Plastic bags have very harmful effect on environment as they don't dispose of.Recycling is a process in which the waste material can be reused a...Environment is facing lots of problems mainly caused by plastic bags.Plastic bags have very harmful effect on environment as they don't dispose of.Recycling is a process in which the waste material can be reused and re-created to give it a new look which also saves money and make environment eco-friendly.This study focuses on conveying eco-friendly fashion concept to the consumers.Inspired by plastic bags'shape and patterns,the author creates a new method of pattern making for female clothing which decorated on different materials.Through design practices and draping experiments,a new ready-to-wear collection shows the more possibility of eco-friendly idea in fashion industry.展开更多
In our study, we replaced traditional adhesives with compounds made with recycled plastic shopping bags in order to make hot-melt plywood using various amounts of plastic film, different hot-pressing temperatures and ...In our study, we replaced traditional adhesives with compounds made with recycled plastic shopping bags in order to make hot-melt plywood using various amounts of plastic film, different hot-pressing temperatures and hot-pressing times. All three variables have an effect on the intensity and water-resistance of plywood. The results show that the bonding strength of plywood does not increase with increasing amounts of plastic film. When the hot-pressing temperature is increased to 150℃, the bonding strength does not necessarily increase any further. At a hot-pressing time of 6 min, the bonding strength reaches a maximum, after which it will decrease. The optimum hot-pressing parameters are as follows： 100 g·m^-2 of recycled plastic, a hot-pressing temperature of 150℃ and a hot-pressing time of 6 min. This study puts forward a new idea of making use of plastic waste, which, ultimately, may solve the problem of formaldehyde emission without damaging the environment. It has enormous potential market applications.展开更多
文摘The present study aims at environmental protection through the use of plastic wastes in the production of mortar. The behavior of siliceous sand-based mortars from Togo and binders of plastic bags of the kind “voltic” is analyzed. Mortar samples from a mixture of siliceous sand and binder of plastic bags are prepared and subjected to physical and mechanical tests after immersion in the hydrocarbon from 0 hour to 504 hours. The result demonstrates that hydrocarbons have no influence on mechanical properties of mortars for an immersion time below 3 hours. Between 3 hours and 24 hours the presence of hydrocarbon increases their physical and mechanical properties. After 24 hours mortars generally lose the mechanical properties of around 8% to 24% due to the loss of viscosity and cohesiveness of the binder caused by the fuel. The behavior in the face of hydrocarbons shows that the material can be used in the surface of roads by carefully avoiding that hydrocarbons remain on the roads for a period of time beyond 24 hours.
文摘Plastic bags, though commonly used for packaging of goods, are highly durable and nonbiodegradable. Plastic bag litter serves as a negative environmental externality detrimental to animal health and natural beauty of the environment. In an effort to curtail the excessive use of plastic bags in Botswana, the government introduced a plastic levy targeted at consumers at retail points. This study uses primary data collected from 367 respondents randomly selected from six geospatially and purposively selected shopping malls to determine the consumers' willingness to pay(WTP) for continued plastic bag usage and their willingness to accept(WTA)to shift to eco-friendly alternatives. The results of the study revealed that open dumping and burning of plastic litter are more common in Maun than in Gaborone. It also showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of education and WTP. Further, there is a significant variation in income and education in respect to environmental awareness. The government should improve its efforts of sensitizing the public about the improper disposal of plastic bags.
文摘This study examined the effect of reducing disposable plastic checkout bags used in supermarkets, convenience stores, and so on in Japan. Considering that even when these checkout bags are abolished, alternative waste bags should be newly produced, because these checkout bags have been reused as household waste bags so far, and the corresponding amount of oil is still necessary to produce them, the amount of oil saved by this bag reduction was found to be 0.2 L/person/year at most. Further, it was demonstrated that the necessity to purchase substitute bags may increase the household and financial burden on consumers.
文摘This study used the Binary Logistic regression model to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce the use of plastic bags in the daily life of people in the Linh Nam ward. This study notes that households with higher incomes and higher levels of education tend to be more willing to pay. In addition, those who do not have access to information about the harmful effects of plastic bags and receive a higher proposed price often refuse to pay.
文摘Malawians used to carry their gro-ceries around in single-use plas-tic bags of less than 60 microns.But soon,an alternative plan will be in force.As of August this year,the Supreme Court of Appeal issued a ban on use of plastic bags countrywide,marking a victory for environmentalists.But the ban has come at quite a price,both cost-wise and time-wise.Since 2015,the Malawian Government has been trying to implement the ban,which was repeatedly blocked.
文摘You’ve bought what you need.The grocery cashier asks,"Will that be paper or plastic?You reply"Plastic,please."This seems like a simple question and there are plenty of reasons we choose plastic:easier to carry,lighter than paper bags,possibly less damaging to the environment,less expensive to the shop owners,able to be used as trash bag。
文摘Environment is facing lots of problems mainly caused by plastic bags.Plastic bags have very harmful effect on environment as they don't dispose of.Recycling is a process in which the waste material can be reused and re-created to give it a new look which also saves money and make environment eco-friendly.This study focuses on conveying eco-friendly fashion concept to the consumers.Inspired by plastic bags'shape and patterns,the author creates a new method of pattern making for female clothing which decorated on different materials.Through design practices and draping experiments,a new ready-to-wear collection shows the more possibility of eco-friendly idea in fashion industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31070501)Beijing Scientific Research and Base Construction Project in 2010 and the College Student Research Training Plan in Beijing Forestry University (No.200705005)
文摘In our study, we replaced traditional adhesives with compounds made with recycled plastic shopping bags in order to make hot-melt plywood using various amounts of plastic film, different hot-pressing temperatures and hot-pressing times. All three variables have an effect on the intensity and water-resistance of plywood. The results show that the bonding strength of plywood does not increase with increasing amounts of plastic film. When the hot-pressing temperature is increased to 150℃, the bonding strength does not necessarily increase any further. At a hot-pressing time of 6 min, the bonding strength reaches a maximum, after which it will decrease. The optimum hot-pressing parameters are as follows： 100 g·m^-2 of recycled plastic, a hot-pressing temperature of 150℃ and a hot-pressing time of 6 min. This study puts forward a new idea of making use of plastic waste, which, ultimately, may solve the problem of formaldehyde emission without damaging the environment. It has enormous potential market applications.
