Aminated Copolymers as Flow Improvers for Super-viscous Crude Oils

The new flow improvers for super-viscous crude oils were developed via esterification of polybasic high carbon alcohol with methacrylate and copolymerizafion of monomers followed by amination of copolymers. The structure of the synthesized polymer flow improver additive was confirmed by IR spectroscopy and the crystal structure of the flow improver additives were determined by X-ray diffrac- tion analysis. The structure of wax crystals was also studied at the same time. The results showed that the wax crystal structure was closely related with the crystal structure of the flow improver, which could change the pour point depression and viscosity reduction behavior of the crude oil. When the wax crystal structure matched well with that of the additive, the wax crystals were dispersed satisfactorily, resulting in favorable effects in terms of pour point depression and viscosity reduction. The new synthe- sized aminated polymer flow improver additive was most efficient for treating super-viscous crude oils. The super-viscous crude oil had a high content of resins and asphaltenes, which might aggregate onto the surface of wax crystals to form blocks to limit the crude oil fluidity. However, amination of copolymers having similar structure with the resins and asphaltenes contained in crude oil could dissolve the huge polar groups to make the deposit formation difficult.

基于卷积非粘滞阻尼模型的超高层结构风效应分析

有限元方法中相对于对结构质量与刚度特性的描述,结构阻尼的描述仍具有较大的模糊性。随着新型建筑材料与复杂结构体系的发展,以及对计算机模拟要求的提高,阻尼作用的机理与相应阻尼模型的研究成为值得关注的问题。基于一种阻尼力与质点速度历程相关的卷积非粘滞阻尼模型,采用微分求积求解算法,对一个大型复杂超高层建筑结构的风振响应进行了分析,并与常用的比例粘滞阻尼模型进行了对比。对卷积非粘滞阻尼力模型系统的响应特征进行了分析,特别是该模型的松弛效应对结构响应的影响。另外,作为将这种新阻尼模型应用于实际工程的一次探索,本文采用微分求积算法,建立了一套可将该阻尼模型及其求解算法嵌入通用有限元软件的求解系统,可用于复杂结构的动力响应分析。