Unusual Normal and Superconducting State Properties Observed in Hydrothermal Fe_(1-δ)Se Flakes

The electronic and superconducting properties of Fe_(1-δ)Se single-crystal flakes grown hydrothermally are studied by the transport measurements under zero and high magnetic fields up to 38.5 T.The results contrast sharply with those previously reported for nematically ordered Fe Se by chemical-vapor-transport(CVT)growth.No signature of the electronic nematicity,but an evident metal-to-nonmetal crossover with increasing temperature,is detected in the normal state of the present hydrothermal samples.Interestingly,a higher superconducting critical temperature T_c of 13.2 K is observed compared to a suppressed T_c of 9 K in the presence of the nematicity in the CVT Fe Se.Moreover,the upper critical field in the zero-temperature limit is found to be isotropic with respect to the field direction and to reach a higher value of-42 T,which breaks the Pauli limit by a factor of 1.8.

Superconducting state parameters of AgxZn1-x and AgxAl1-x binary alloys superconductors

A well-known pseudopotential is used to investigate the superconducting state parameters （SSP）, viz., electronphonon coupling strength, Coulomb pseudopotential, transition temperature, isotope effect exponent and effective interaction strength for AgxZn1-x and AgxAl1-x binary alloys theoretically for the first time. We have incorporated here five different types of the local field correction functions to show the effect of exchange and correlation on the aforesaid properties. Very strong influence of various exchange and correlation functions is concluded from the present study. Comparison with others such experimental values is encouraging, which confirms applicability of the model potential in explaining the superconducting state parameters of binary mixture.

Low-Temperature Solid State Synthesis and Characterization of Superconducting Vanadium Nitride

Superconducting vanadium nitride （VN） is successfully synthesized by a solid-state reaction of vanadium pentox- ide, sodium amide and sulfur in an autoclave at a relatively low temperature （240-400℃）. The obtained samples are characterized by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The result of the magnetization of the obtained VN product as a function of temperature indicates that the onset superconducting transition temperature is about 8.4K. Furthermore, the possible reaction mechanism is also discussed.

Improved Superconducting Qubit State Readout by Path Interference

High fidelity single shot qubit state readout is essential for many quantum information processing protocols. In superconducting quantum circuit, the qubit state is usually determined by detecting the dispersive frequency shift of a microwave cavity from either transmission or reflection. We demonstrate the use of constructive interference between the transmitted and reflected signal to optimize the qubit state readout, with which we find a better resolved state discrimination and an improved qubit readout fidelity. As a simple and convenient approach, our scheme can be combined with other qubit readout methods based on the discrimination of cavity photon states to further improve the qubit state readout.

Surface State Bands in Superconducting(PtxIr1-x)Te2

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is performed to study the bulk and surface electronic structures of non- superconducting IrTe2 and superconducting Pto.oblro.95 Te2. In addition to the bulk electronic bands predicted by the local density approximation calculations, we observe two Dirac cone-like bands at the Brillouin zone center, which are non-dispersive along kz, suggesting that the extra bands are surface state bands. As the experimental results are well consistent with the ab initio calculations of surface states, the parity analysis proves that these surface state bands are topologically trivial and thus exclude （PtxIr1-x）Te2 as a possible topological superconductor candidate.

Invariants-based shortcuts for fast generating Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state among three superconducting qubits

As one of the most promising candidates for implementing quantum computers, superconducting qubits（SQs） are adopted for fast generating the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger（GHZ） state by using invariants-based shortcuts. Three SQs are separated and connected by two coplanar waveguide resonators（CPWRs） capacitively. The complicated system is skillfully simplified to a three-state system, and a GHZ state among three SQs is fast generated with a very high fidelity and simple driving pulses. Numerical simulations indicate the scheme is insensitive to parameter deviations. Besides, the robustness of the scheme against decoherence is discussed in detail.

Temperature Evolution of Energy Gap and Band Structure in the Superconducting and Pseudogap States of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8＋δ) Superconductor Revealed by Laser-Based Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy

We carry out detailed momentum-dependent and temperature-dependent measurements on Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_（8＋δ）（Bi2212） superconductor in the superconducting and pseudogap states by super-high resolution laser-based angleresolved photoemission spectroscopy. The precise determination of the superconducting gap for the nearly optimally doped Bi2212（T_c= 91 K） at low temperature indicates that the momentum-dependence of the superconducting gap deviates from the standard d-wave form（cos（2Φ））. It can be alternatively fitted by including a high-order term（cos（6Φ）） in which the next nearest-neighbor interaction is considered. We find that the band structure near the antinodal region smoothly evolves across the pseudogap temperature without a signature of band reorganization which is distinct from that found in Bi_2Sr_2CuO_（6＋δ） superconductors. This indicates that the band reorganization across the pseudogap temperature is not a universal behavior in cuprate superconductors.These results provide new insights in understanding the nature of the superconducting gap and pseudogap in high-temperature cuprate superconductors.

Chiral symmetry protected topological nodal superconducting phase and Majorana Fermi arc

With an external in-plane magnetic field, we show the emergence of a topological nodal superconducting phase of the two-dimensional topological surface states. This nodal superconducting phase is protected by the chiral symmetry with a non-zero magnetic field, and there are corresponding Majorana Fermi arcs(also known as flat band Andreev bound states) connecting the two Majorana nodes along the edges, similar to the case of Weyl semimetal. The topological nodal superconductor is an intermediate phase between two different chiral superconductors, and is stable against the effects of substrates. The two-dimensional effective theory of the nodal superconducting phase also captures the low energy behavior of a three-dimensional lattice model which describes the iron-based superconductor with a thin film geometry. The localizations of the Majorana nodes can be manipulated through external in-plane magnetic fields, which may introduce a non-trivial topological Berry phase between them.

Coexistence of Polaronic States and Superconductivity in Iron-Pnictide Compound Ba_2Ti_2Fe_2As_4O

The electronic structure of iron-pnictide compound superconductor Ba_2Ti_2Fe_2As_4O, which has metallic intermediate Ti_2O layers, is studied using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The Ti-related bands show a‘peak-dip-hump＇ line shape with two branches of dispersion associated with the polaronic states at temperatures below around 120 K. This change in the spectra occurs along with the resistivity anomaly that was not clearly understood in a previous study. Moreover, an energy gap induced by the superconducting proximity effect opens in the polaronic bands at temperatures below T_c（~21 K）. Our study provides the spectroscopic evidence that superconductivity coexists with polarons in the same bands near the Fermi level, which provides a suitable platform to study interactions between charge, lattice and spin freedoms in a correlated system.

State Key Laboratory for Superconductivity

To adapt to the rapid development of high-temperature superconductor research, the State Commission of Development & Planning (SCDP) approved in 1987 of establishing a national laboratory for superconductivity at the Institute of Physics, under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The preparations were started in 1988 and by April of 1991

Phonon Dispersion in Ca70Mg30 Metallic Glass

The phonon dispersion curves （PDC） of Ca70Mg30 metallic glass has been studied at room temperature in terms of phonon eigen frequencies of longitudinal and transverse modes employing three different approaches proposed by Hubbard and Beeby （J. Phys. C： Solid State Phys. 13 （1969） 556）, Takeno and Goda （Prog. Theor. Phys. 45 （1971） 331; 47 （1972） 790） and Bhatia and Singh （Phys. Rev. B 31 （1985） 4751）. The well recognized model potential of Gajjar et al. is employed successfully to explain electron-ion interaction in the metallic glass. The effective pair potential is used to generate the pair correlation function g（r）. The local field correction function （Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 17 （2003） 6001） is used for the first time to introduce the exchange and correlation effects on the aforesaid properties. The present findings of PDCs are found to be in agreement with the available theoretical as well as experimental data. The thermodynamic and elastic properties, i.e. longitudinal and transverse sound velocities, isothermal bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity, Poisson＇s ratio, Young＇s modulus and Debye temperature, are also investigated successfully.

Comparison of band structure and superconductivity in FeSe_(0.5)Te_(0.5) and FeS

The isovalent iron chalcogenides, FeSe0.5Te0.5 and FeS, share similar lattice structures but behave very differently in superconducting properties. We study the underlying mechanism theoretically. By first principle calculations and tight-binding fitting, we find the spectral weight of the dX2-Y2 orbital changes remarkably in these compounds. While there are both electron and hole pockets in FeSe0.5Te0.5 and FeS, a small hole pocket with a mainly dX2-Y2 character is absent in FeS. We find the spectral weights of dX2-Y2 orbital change remarkably, which contribute to electron and hole pockets in FeSe0.5Te0.5 but only to electron pockets in FeS. We then perform random-phase-approximation and unbiased singular-mode functional renormalization group calculations to investigate possible superconducting instabilities that may be triggered by electron-electron interactions on top of such bare band structures. For FeSe0.5Te0.5, we find a fully gapped s-wave pairing that can be associated with spin fluctuations connecting electron and hole pockets. For FeS, however, a nodal dxy （or dx2-y2 in an unfolded Broullin zone） is favorable and can be related to spin fluctuations connecting the electron pockets around the corner of the Brillouin zone. Apart from the difference in chacogenide elements, we propose the main source of the difference is from the dX2-Y2 orbital, which tunes the Fermi surface nesting vector and then influences the dominant pairing symmetry.

Implementation of a Semi-Classical Theory for Superconductors

When the temperature of certain materials is lowered to exceed a certain value called the critical temperature, a state transition occurs: the system passes from the normal state to the superconducting state. A superconductor has two fundamental physical properties: a zero electrical resistance to direct current and a Meissner effect (the material repels any external magnetic flux). Lacking a suitable theory, physicists have attempted to explain the existence of this exotic low-temperature state using phenomenological approaches. In this work, we introduce a semi-classical (non-phenomenological) theory of superconductors. We demonstrate then that only the behavior of the gas of free electrons following the variation of the temperature in the metal explains not only the physical properties of the superconductors but also the existence of superconductors at high critical temperature. The critical temperature then plays the same role as the liquefaction temperature in a gaseous state-liquid state transition and the same role as the Curie temperature in a paramagnetic state-ferromagnetic state transition.