The simulated methods for ice accretion on two-dimensional airfoil surface are established completely under the Eulerian framework in supercooled large droplet(SLD) conditions. The two-dimensional code to solve the pa...The simulated methods for ice accretion on two-dimensional airfoil surface are established completely under the Eulerian framework in supercooled large droplet(SLD) conditions. The two-dimensional code to solve the partial differential equations(PDEs) of droplet phase is derived to simulate the impingement characteristic of SLD. Also, several semi-empirical models which explain the droplet-wall interaction are compared and discussed to show respective features when simulating the splashing phenomenon. In particular, a new boundary condition for wall called penetrable wall for splashing droplet(PWSD) is proposed to deal with the impingement of SLD on solid surface, which efficiently improves the accuracy of simulation. Then the improved impingement characteristic of SLD is input into the extended mass and heat transfer model to simulate the ice growth on airfoil surface. The multistep advanced method is carried out to better match the physical phenomenon of ice growth. At last, the simulated results of critical parameters: local droplet collection efficiency and the height of ice growth are compared with the experimental data which verify the applicability of proposed models.展开更多
面对过冷大水滴(Supercooled large droplet,SLD)结冰环境,行之有效的结冰探测手段是实施规避策略、尽快脱离SLD结冰环境的先决条件。针对一种面向SLD环境探测需求的双碰撞面探头,考虑基于SLD动力学模型,模拟分析探头水滴收集特征进行...面对过冷大水滴(Supercooled large droplet,SLD)结冰环境,行之有效的结冰探测手段是实施规避策略、尽快脱离SLD结冰环境的先决条件。针对一种面向SLD环境探测需求的双碰撞面探头,考虑基于SLD动力学模型,模拟分析探头水滴收集特征进行探头外形参数化设计研究,研究影响探头区分SLD环境的关键几何参数,从而为探头外形设计提供参考依据。对选定的探头外形仿真计算结果表明,在常规水滴条件下,结冰主要发生在探测器的第一碰撞面,第二碰撞面上的结冰厚度很小,与第一碰撞面之间存在明显差异;而在SLD条件下,冰层在第一及第二碰撞面上均有累积。不同直径的水滴撞击到探头不同位置,形成累积特征迥异的结冰形态,验证了探头外形参数化设计方法应用于SLD环境探测的有效性。展开更多
过冷大水滴(Supercooled large droplet,SLD)结冰超出了常规防除冰系统的防护范围,是一种更为严重的结冰情形,极大地影响着飞行安全。在美国联邦航空管理局14 CFR 25.140条款中明确提到为保证飞机在SLD结冰条件下的安全运行,首先且必须...过冷大水滴(Supercooled large droplet,SLD)结冰超出了常规防除冰系统的防护范围,是一种更为严重的结冰情形,极大地影响着飞行安全。在美国联邦航空管理局14 CFR 25.140条款中明确提到为保证飞机在SLD结冰条件下的安全运行,首先且必须要对SLD结冰气象环境进行探测。由于水滴破碎会改变水滴运动轨迹和表面撞击水分布,使水滴撞击极限变小,而水滴飞溅对结冰极限位置影响不大,因此本文通过研究大、小粒径水滴在飞机上收集范围不同的特点,提出一种可以满足SLD结冰适航符合性的结冰探测技术。该结冰探测技术采用常规结冰探测器,根据水滴收集范围将其布置于不同敏感结冰部位,可以实现全剖面飞行的结冰环境探测。展开更多
准确模拟过冷大水滴(Supercooled large droplet,SLD)云雾水滴质量分布是最新的结冰适航条款要求,也是当前冰风洞试验技术难点。以14CFR 25部附录O规定冻毛毛雨水滴累计质量分布曲线为目标,在冰风洞中开展过冷大水滴结冰条件模拟研究。...准确模拟过冷大水滴(Supercooled large droplet,SLD)云雾水滴质量分布是最新的结冰适航条款要求,也是当前冰风洞试验技术难点。以14CFR 25部附录O规定冻毛毛雨水滴累计质量分布曲线为目标,在冰风洞中开展过冷大水滴结冰条件模拟研究。基于水滴质量分布要求进行大水滴云雾与小水滴云雾匹配性分析,并在FL-61风洞喷雾系统现有条件下开展大水滴喷嘴喷雾性能测量,将生成的具有不同液态水含量(Liquid water content,LWC)和体积中值直径(Medium volume diameter,MVD)特征的云雾参数组合,在试验段中心位置生成了水滴质量分布曲线接近附录O规定的冻毛毛雨条件。研究结果表明,采用分别模拟相应水滴质量分布的大水滴和小水滴云雾,再进行组合喷雾能够较好地预测和指导在冰风洞中构造大水滴云雾,同时验证了在冰风洞内能够采用两种喷嘴模拟水滴质量为双峰分布云雾条件的可行性。展开更多
文摘The simulated methods for ice accretion on two-dimensional airfoil surface are established completely under the Eulerian framework in supercooled large droplet(SLD) conditions. The two-dimensional code to solve the partial differential equations(PDEs) of droplet phase is derived to simulate the impingement characteristic of SLD. Also, several semi-empirical models which explain the droplet-wall interaction are compared and discussed to show respective features when simulating the splashing phenomenon. In particular, a new boundary condition for wall called penetrable wall for splashing droplet(PWSD) is proposed to deal with the impingement of SLD on solid surface, which efficiently improves the accuracy of simulation. Then the improved impingement characteristic of SLD is input into the extended mass and heat transfer model to simulate the ice growth on airfoil surface. The multistep advanced method is carried out to better match the physical phenomenon of ice growth. At last, the simulated results of critical parameters: local droplet collection efficiency and the height of ice growth are compared with the experimental data which verify the applicability of proposed models.
文摘面对过冷大水滴(Supercooled large droplet,SLD)结冰环境,行之有效的结冰探测手段是实施规避策略、尽快脱离SLD结冰环境的先决条件。针对一种面向SLD环境探测需求的双碰撞面探头,考虑基于SLD动力学模型,模拟分析探头水滴收集特征进行探头外形参数化设计研究,研究影响探头区分SLD环境的关键几何参数,从而为探头外形设计提供参考依据。对选定的探头外形仿真计算结果表明,在常规水滴条件下,结冰主要发生在探测器的第一碰撞面,第二碰撞面上的结冰厚度很小,与第一碰撞面之间存在明显差异;而在SLD条件下,冰层在第一及第二碰撞面上均有累积。不同直径的水滴撞击到探头不同位置,形成累积特征迥异的结冰形态,验证了探头外形参数化设计方法应用于SLD环境探测的有效性。
基金supported in part by the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/Deicing(No.IADL20200305)the Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(No.2020KJ036)。
文摘过冷大水滴(Supercooled large droplet,SLD)结冰超出了常规防除冰系统的防护范围,是一种更为严重的结冰情形,极大地影响着飞行安全。在美国联邦航空管理局14 CFR 25.140条款中明确提到为保证飞机在SLD结冰条件下的安全运行,首先且必须要对SLD结冰气象环境进行探测。由于水滴破碎会改变水滴运动轨迹和表面撞击水分布,使水滴撞击极限变小,而水滴飞溅对结冰极限位置影响不大,因此本文通过研究大、小粒径水滴在飞机上收集范围不同的特点,提出一种可以满足SLD结冰适航符合性的结冰探测技术。该结冰探测技术采用常规结冰探测器,根据水滴收集范围将其布置于不同敏感结冰部位,可以实现全剖面飞行的结冰环境探测。
文摘准确模拟过冷大水滴(Supercooled large droplet,SLD)云雾水滴质量分布是最新的结冰适航条款要求,也是当前冰风洞试验技术难点。以14CFR 25部附录O规定冻毛毛雨水滴累计质量分布曲线为目标,在冰风洞中开展过冷大水滴结冰条件模拟研究。基于水滴质量分布要求进行大水滴云雾与小水滴云雾匹配性分析,并在FL-61风洞喷雾系统现有条件下开展大水滴喷嘴喷雾性能测量,将生成的具有不同液态水含量(Liquid water content,LWC)和体积中值直径(Medium volume diameter,MVD)特征的云雾参数组合,在试验段中心位置生成了水滴质量分布曲线接近附录O规定的冻毛毛雨条件。研究结果表明,采用分别模拟相应水滴质量分布的大水滴和小水滴云雾,再进行组合喷雾能够较好地预测和指导在冰风洞中构造大水滴云雾,同时验证了在冰风洞内能够采用两种喷嘴模拟水滴质量为双峰分布云雾条件的可行性。