Extraction of Perilla Seed Oil Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and GC-MS Analysis

[Objective] This study was aimed to determine the optimal parameters for the extraction of perilla seed oil to obtain high-quality perilla seed oil and analyze its compositions. [Method] In this study, perilla seed oil was extracted using supercritical CO2 （SC-CO2）. The effects of extraction time, temperature and pressure were investigated by single-factor experiments and orthogonal array testing （ORT）. The chemical compositions of extracted perilla seed oil were investigated by GC-MS. [Result] The optimal conditions for the extraction of perilla seed oil using SC-CO2 were extraction time of 4 h, extraction temperature at 40 ℃, and extraction pressure at 23 MPa. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of perilla seed oil was maximized to 12.43%. GC-MS analysis revealed that perilla seed oil was a complex mixture containing 76.183% α-linolenic acid. [Conclusion] Supercritical CO2 extraction was proven to be an effective technology to extract oil from perilla seed, and GCMS was also a satisfactory method for analyzing the compositions of perilla seed oil.

Response Surface Optimization of Nigella glandulifera Freyn Seed Oil Yield by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction

Supercritical carbon dioxide （SC-CO2） extraction was employed to extract oil from Nigella glandulifera Freyn seed in this study. Response surface methodology （RSM） was applied to evaluate the effects of the process parameters （pressure, temperature, and CO2 flow rate） on oil yield of N. glandulifera seed. A Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the extraction parameters. The analysis of variance indicated that the linear coefficients of pressure and CO2 flow rate, the quadratic term coefficients of pressure and temperature and the interactions between pressure and temperature, as well as temperature and CO2 flow rate, had significant effects on the oil yield （P〈0.05）. The optimal conditions to obtain the maximum oil yield from N. glandulifera seed were pressure 30.84 MPa, temperature 40.57°C, and CO2 flow rate 22.00 L h-1. Under these optimal conditions, the yield of oil was predicted to be 38.19%. The validation experiment results agreed with the predicted values. The fatty acid composition of N. glandulifera seed oil extracted using SC-CO2 was compared with that of oil obtained by Soxhlet method. The results showed that the fatty acid compositions of oil extracted by the two methods were similar. Identification of oil compounds with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） showed that the contents of unsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid （48.30%）, oleic acid （22.28%） and saturated fatty acids palmitic acid （16.65%）, stearic acid （4.17%） were the most abundant fatty acids in seed oil from N. glandulifera.

Experimental and Simulating Study of Supercritical CO_2 Extraction of Ginger Essential Oil

An experimental setup for separating ginger essential oil by supercritical fluid extraction is established. The effects of the extraction pressure, temperature, CO2 flow rate and particle size of raw material on the extraction rate are investigated, and the optimum process conditions of supercritical CO2 extraction are determined. A mathematical simulation model is established based on the mass conservation in differential units of extraction bed. The total mass transfer driving force and the equilibrium absorption constant are evaluated by the linear driving force theory. The results from numerical simulation agree well with the experimental data.

Influence of Modifier in Supercritical CO₂on Qualitative and Quantitative Extraction Results of <i>Eucalyptus</i>Ecential Oil

A supercritical CO2 extraction behavior of Eucalyptus oil was investigated under different conditions of pressure, temperature and time with or without cosolvent. The pressure range was from 8 to 25 MPa, temperature from 35 to 55&deg;C and CO2 flow rate from 10 to 26 g/min. For 1,8-cineole the appropriate extracting pressure was 15 MPa and temperature was 45&deg;C. When CO2 flow rate was 18 g/min, it was benefit to extract the other three substances (limonene, p-cymene and γ-terpinene, respectively) except 1,8-cineole. Prolonging extraction time could not obviously increase the extract concentration, but the extract yield would increase. The results also indicated that ethanol as a modifier could improve extraction velocity and extraction concentration.

Extraction and Characterization of Oil from <i>Moringa oleifera</i>Using Supercritical CO₂and Traditional Solvents

The present work presents a first characterization of the oil from the Moringa (Moringa oleifera) kernel as a potential candidate for biodiesel production. Moringa is an indigenous tree in the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, where there is a nascent biodiesel industry. Several extraction methods are compared in terms of the extraction yields, including solvent extraction (n-hexane and ethanol), and supercritical extraction (Sc-CO2). The results are also compared against previ- ously reported data. For supercritical extraction pressures of 200 to 400 bar and temperatures of 40℃ and 60℃ were tested. Gas Chromatography analysis reveals that the main fatty acids in Moringa oil are oleic acid (69%), palmitic acid (10%), and stearic acid (8%).

Measurement and Correlation of the Solubility of Ligusticum Chuanxiong oil in Supercritical CO_2

Extraction of the Ligusticum Chuanxiong oil with supercritical CO2 （SC-CO2） was investigated at the temperatures ranging from 55℃ to 70℃ and pressure from 25 MPa to 35 MPa. The mass of Ligusticum Chuanxiong oil extracted increased with pressure at constant temperature. The initial slope of the extraction was considered as the solubility of oil in SC-CO2. Chrastil equation was used to correlate the solubility data of Ligusticum Chuanxiong oil. An improved Chrastil equation was also presented and was employed to correlate the solubility data, The correlation results show that the values of the average absolute relative deviation are 5.94% and 3.33% respectively, indicating the improved version has better correlation accuracy than that of Chrastil equation.

Effect of Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction on Chinese fir

Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root was extracted by technology of supercritical CO2 extraction under orthogonal experiment design, and it was used to analyze allelopathic activity of Chinese-fir through bioassay of seed germination. The results showed that as to the available rate of allelochemicals, the pressure and temperature of extraction were the most important factors. The allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root extracted by pure CO2 and ethanol mixed with CO2 have different allelopathic activities to seed germination, and the allelochemicals extracted by ethanol mixed with CO2 had stronger inhibitory effects on seed germination than that extracted by pure CO2.

Development of Healthy Edible Oil of Spine Date Seed

[Objective] To research and develop spine date seed healthy edible oil. [Method] Spine date seed oil was extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology. And then the molecular distillation technology was used to reduce the acid value and peroxide value of spine date seed oil. Activated carbon and carclazyte were used to process the decolorization and deodorization treatment using the absorption characteristics. [Result] The light yellow, clear pine date seed oil with shallow taste was obtained, which had an acid value of 2.03 mg/g, peroxide value of 4 mmol/kg; the GC indicated that the oil contained 5.00% of palmitic acid, 2.00% of stearic acid, 40.46% of oleic acid, 47.72% of linoleic acid and 0.39% of linolenic. [Conclusion] The obtained spine date seed oil basically conformed to the national edible oil standard and could be used as edible oil, but its pharmacological properties needed further study.

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Uncrushed Jordanian Olives

Announcement from Editorial Board ? The following article has been retracted due to special reason of the authors. This paper published in Vol.2 No. 3, 2012, has been removed from this site. ? Title: Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Uncrushed Jordanian Olives Authors: Awni Al-Otoom, Sameer Al-Asheh, Mamdouh Allawzi, Khalid Mahshi, Nahawand Alzenati, Bader Banat, Bdour Alnimr ? ACES Editorial Board? May 19,

Uromedic^(■) Pumpkin Seed Derived Δ7-Sterols, Extract and Oil Inhibit 5α-Reductases and Bind to Androgen Receptor in Vitro

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is implicated in the development of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). We investigated if Uromedic? pumpkin (variety of Cucurbita pepo L. convar. citrullinina GREB. var. styriaca GREB) seed soft extract (active ingredients of GRANUFINK? Prosta forte 500 mg), seed oil and isolated Δ7-sterols could inhibit the conversion of [1,2,6,7-3H(N)]-testosterone to DHT by 5α-reductases. Also, we tested competition with [3H]-DHT for binding to the androgen receptor (AR). Pumpkin seed oil and pumpkin seed soft extract were identified as moderately active inhibitors of 5α-R1 and 5α-R2, with almost similar inhibitory capacities (IC50 5 mg/ml for 5α-R1 and about IC50 = 6 mg/ml for 5α-R2). The isolated Δ7-sterols were more active inhibitors (IC50 = 0.3 mg/ml for 5α-R1, IC50 = 1.0 mg/ml for 5α-R2). All three test compounds bound to the AR dose-dependently, with strong binding by Δ7-sterols (IC50 = 0.2 mg/ml) and weaker binding by pumpkin seed oil (IC50 = 0.4 mg/ml) and pumpkin seed soft extract (IC50 = 1.1 mg/ml). We propose that inhibition of 5α-reductases and competitive binding to the AR are mechanisms of action, by which the Uromedic? pumpkin seed derived test compounds, most specifically Δ7-sterols, counteract DHT and thereby exert clinically positive effects on the prostate, as well as bladder-strengthening effects.

超临界CO2萃取沙棘籽油及热敏性物质分析

对超临界CO2萃取沙棘籽油及热敏性物质进行分析研究。通过正交试验确定最佳工艺条件:萃取压力25MPa、萃取温度40℃、CO2流量18kg/h、萃取时间120min、分离压力8MPa,在此工艺条件下沙棘籽油出油率为52%。高效液相色谱法检测沙棘籽油中α-VE含量为2.6%,经超临界CO2萃取后热敏性物质α-VE损失3.7%,胡萝卜素含量为100850μg/100g。

西番莲籽油的超临界CO2萃取及其特性分析

采用超临界CO2萃取(SCDE)技术从西番莲籽中提取油脂,探讨了萃取工艺条件对油脂提取率的影响,并对西番莲籽油的理化性质和脂肪酸组成进行了分析。研究结果表明,SCDE西番莲籽油的最佳工艺条件为:原料粒径270μm,萃取压力20MPa,萃取温度50℃,分离釜Ⅰ温度40℃、压力8MPa,分离釜Ⅱ温度40℃,压力与CO2钢瓶的压力一致,萃取时间3h,在此条件下油脂得率达到了25%以上。SCDE的西番莲籽油色泽明亮,澄清透明,其理化性质明显优于溶剂法提取的油脂,不饱和脂肪酸质量分数高达89.43%,其中亚油酸质量分数72.69%。

瓜蒌籽油超临界CO2萃取工艺条件优化研究

冷冻干燥瓜蒌籽粉作为实验原料,分别采用Plackett-Burman软件和Central Composite软件设计相关实验,优化了超临界CO_2萃取瓜蒌籽油工艺。根据Plackett-Burman设计实验,从五个影响瓜蒌籽萃取因素中筛选出瓜蒌籽粉颗粒和萃取时间两个显著影响因素。对瓜蒌籽粉颗粒和萃取时间两个显著影响因素施行爬坡实验,在瓜蒌籽粉颗粒200目和萃取时间250 min条件下,瓜蒌子油萃取率可以逼近最大域,并以此作为中心组合实验中心标点。中心组合实验导出瓜蒌籽油萃取率数学模型和瓜蒌籽油优化萃取工艺,建立模型达到显著水平(F=16. 65,P=0. 000 9);超临界CO_2萃取瓜蒌籽油优化工艺参数:瓜蒌籽粉颗粒为200目、萃取压力为20 MPa、CO_2流量为15 L/h、萃取温度为40℃、萃取时间为260 min。依照优选工艺实验,瓜蒌籽油萃取率均值为84. 21%。

沙葱籽油的超临界CO2萃取及成分分析

以野生沙葱种子为原料,利用超临界CO2流体萃取沙葱籽油。在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验设计,考察压力、温度、萃取时间、CO2流量4因素对沙葱籽油萃取率的影响。研究得出最佳萃取条件为压力35MPa、温度45℃、萃取时间120min、CO2流量35kg/h,在此条件下油脂萃取率为15.00%。利用GC-MS对沙葱籽油分析,发现沙葱籽油中不饱和脂肪酸主要为亚油酸(63.24%)和油酸(15.99%),占脂肪酸总量的86.65%;饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸(7.93%)为主,占脂肪酸总量的13.35%。用常规方法对沙葱籽油的理化性质进行测定,结果表明超临界CO2流体萃取法得到的沙葱籽油各项理化指标均良好,产物纯度高、品质好。

罗勒子油的超临界CO2提取工艺及其成分分析

研究萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间对超临界CO_2萃取罗勒子油得率的影响,进行了工艺的优化。结果表明,影响超临界CO_2萃取罗勒子油得率的因素主次顺序为A(压力)>C(时间)>B(温度),最佳工艺条件为萃取压力300 Pa,萃取温度45℃、萃取时间为3 h。在此工艺条件下,罗勒子油得率为17.05%。罗勒子油脂肪酸组成主要为亚麻酸(85.76%)、棕榈酸(8.54%)和硬脂酸(5.1%),其中不饱和脂肪酸含量为86.35%。

棕榈树种仁油的超临界CO2流体萃取及GC-MS分析

利用超临界CO2流体萃取技术提取了湘西地区两个采样点的棕榈树种仁油,并对其化学成分进行了气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)分析。结果表明,棕榈树种仁油超临界CO2萃取的最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度45℃、萃取时间2h,在此条件下的萃取率为14.6%。GC-MS检测出两个采样点的种仁油脂肪酸成分分别为8种和7种。其共同的成分为10,13-十八碳二烯酸(36.58%)、油酸(29.93%)、棕榈酸(13.22%)、月桂酸(8.74%)、肉豆寇酸(6.62%)、硬脂酸(2.63%)和顺式-9-十六碳烯酸(1.28%)。棕榈树的种仁油含不饱和脂肪酸高,精炼后可以作为食用油和工业用油开发。

超临界CO2提取栝楼籽油的工艺研究

利用正交实验法对栝楼籽油的超临界CO2提取工艺进行了优化。以栝楼籽油的得率为指标,考察萃取压力、温度、时间和粉碎度对栝楼籽油得率的影响,得到最佳工艺条件为:萃取时间5h、原料粉碎度0.42mm、萃取温度45℃和萃取压力30MPa,栝楼籽油提取率可高达56.38%,且栝楼籽油暗红透明,香气纯正。

五叶瓜藤种子油超临界CO2萃取及其质量评价

研究了五叶瓜藤种子油的超临界CO2萃取工艺,探讨了萃取压力、萃取温度、分离釜Ⅰ压力、CO2流量等参数对油收率的影响。确定的最佳超临界CO2萃取工艺条件为:萃取压力25 MPa、萃取温度35℃、分离釜Ⅰ压力9 MPa、分离釜Ⅰ温度55℃、分离釜Ⅱ压力5 MPa、分离釜Ⅱ温度40℃、CO2流量20 L/h、萃取时间2 h。最佳条件下超临界CO2萃取的五叶瓜藤种子油的收率为28.35%;油的理化指标为:折光率1.468 1、酸值(KOH)9.65 mg/g、碘值(Ⅰ)66.74 g/100 g、过氧化值14.56 mmol/kg、不皂化物1.93%、水分及挥发物0.28%。GC-MS分析显示五叶瓜藤种子油的主要脂肪酸组成为棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸和硬脂酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸油酸和亚油酸占65%以上。

超临界CO2萃取藏药波棱瓜籽油脂工艺研究

采用L9（3^4）正交实验与单因素实验相结合的方法，考察了萃取温度、压力、CO2流量、时间以及藏药波棱瓜籽粉碎粒径对超临界CO2萃取波棱瓜籽油出油率的影响。结果表明，各因素对出油率的影响顺序依次为：时间〉压力〉CO2流量〉温度。综合考虑实验结果，优化得出最佳萃取条件为：萃取温度50℃，萃取压力35MPa,CO2流量35L／h，粒径80目，萃取时间3．5h，此时，超临界CO2萃取波棱瓜籽油的出油率较高为36．12％，该方法具有提取率高，产品质量好，无溶剂残留等优点，为波棱瓜籽油的工业化生产和相关产品开发奠定了基础。

响应面法优化超临界CO2萃取红树莓籽精油的工艺

研究了萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间等因素对红树莓籽精油萃取率的影响,以提取率为主要标准,采用响应面法对超临界CO2萃取红树莓籽精油的工艺进行优化,确定最佳工艺条件为萃取温度45℃、萃取压力30MPa、萃取时间60min。