Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide in the Extraction of Lanolin and Its Alcohol

The use of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SFCO2) in extraction of lanolin and its alcohol is superior to the conventional solvent extraction method. Its distinctive advantages include high extractive ratio, nontoxic and nonflammable solvents, and minimal by -product pollution. The resulting refined lanolin and its alcohol have light color and little odor, and can be used as raw materials for high grade cosmetic products.

Study on Properties of TBP-HNO3 Complex Used for Direct Dissolution of Lanthanide and Actinide Oxides in Supercritical Fluid CO2

The tri-n-butyl phosphate-nitric acid （TBP-HNO3） complex prepared by contacting the pure TBP with the concentrated HNO3 can be used for direct dissolution of lanthanide and actinide oxides in the supercritical fluid carbon dioxide （SCF-CO2）. Properties of the TBP-HNO3 complex have been studied. Experimental results showed that when the initial HNO3/TBP volume ratio was varied from 1 ： 7 to 5 ： 1, the concentration of HNO3 in the TBP-HNO3 complex changed from 1.95 to 5.89 mol/L, the [HNO3]/[TBP] ratio of the TBP-HNO3 complex changed from 0.61 to 2.22, and the content of H20 in the TBP-HNO3 complex changed from 2.02% to 4.19%. All of the density, viscosity and surface tension of the TBP-HNO3 complex changed with the concentration of HNO3 in the complex, and were higher than those of the pure TBE The protons of HNO3 and H2O in the complex underwent rapid exchange to exhibit a singlet resonance peak in nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. When the TBP-HNO3 complex was dissolved in a low dielectric constant solvent, small droplets of HNO3 were formed that can be detected by NMR.

Essential Oil from Inula britannica Extraction with SF-CO_2 and Its Antifungal Activity

The aim of this study was to determine the extraction technique of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide（SF-CO 2） for the essential oil from Inula britannica flowers and its antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi for its potential application as botanical fungicide.The effects of factors,including extraction temperature,extraction pressure,SF-CO 2 flow rate,flower powder size,and time on the essential oil yield were studied using the single factor experiment.An orthogonal experiment was conducted to determine the best operating conditions for the maximum extraction oil yield.Adopting the optimum conditions,the maximum yield reached 10.01% at 40°C temperature,30 MPa pressure,60 mesh flower powder size,20 L h-1SF-CO 2 flow rate,and 90 min extraction time.The antifungal activities of I.britannica essential oil using the SF-CO 2 against the most important plant pathogenic fungi were also examined through in vitro and in vivo tests.Sixteen plant pathogenic fungi were inhibited to varying degrees at 1 mg mL-1concentration of the essential oil.The mycelial growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici was completely inhibited.The radial growths of Phytophthora capsici and Fusarium monilifome were also inhibited by 83.76 and 64.69%,respectively.In addition,the essential oil can inhibit the spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum,Phytophthora capsici,Colletotrichum orbiculare,and Pyricularia grisea,and the corresponding inhibition rates were 98.26,96.54,87.89,and 87.35% respectively.The present study has demonstrated that the essential oil of I.britannica flowers extracted through the SF-CO 2 technique is one potential and promising antifungal agent that can be used as botanical fungicide to protect crops.