Optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors for automated manufacturing systems

Deadlock avoidance problems are investigated for automated manufacturing systems with flexible routings. Based on the Petri net models of the systems, this paper proposes, for the first time, the concept of perfect maximal resourcetransition circuits and their saturated states. The concept facilitates the development of system liveness characterization and deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors. Deadlock is characterized as some perfect maximal resource-transition circuits reaching their saturated states. For a large class of manufacturing systems, which do not contain center resources, the optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors are presented. For a general manufacturing system, a method is proposed for reducing the system Petri net model so that the reduced model does not contain center resources and, hence, has optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisor. The controlled reduced Petri net model can then be used as the liveness supervisor of the system.

Synthesis of Petri net supervisors enforcing general constraints

This paper deals with the synthesis of Petri net supervisor enforcing the more expressive constraints including marking terms, firing vector terms and Parikh vector terms. The method is developed to handle uncontrollable and unobservable transitions existing in the constraints. The “greater-than or equal” general constraints can also be transformed into “less-than or equal” Parikh constraints. An example is analyzed to show how the problem is solved. General constraint is first transformed into Parikh vector constraints, and Matrix-Transformation is proposed to obtain the admissible constraints without uncontrollable and unobservable transitions. Then the supervisor can be constructed based on constraints only consisting of Parikh vector terms. The method is proved to be more concise and effective than the method presented by Iordache and Moody especially when applied to large scale systems.

Public Building Supervisors＇ Assessment of Site Progress Record Keeping Practices in Abuja, Nigeria

The importance of good site progress records in quality assurance; tracking project progress; preparing, analyzing and resolving claims; and placing responsibilities in the event of dispute in building contracts is widely recognized. This study engaged Public Building Supervisors in the assessment of site progress record keeping practices in Abuja. A simple structured questionnaire （which mainly assessed the nature and importance of records kept, reasons for keeping them; level of satisfaction with the current approach, challenges and practical ways of improving the practice） was administrated to a hundred of the supervisors, out of which seventy one was properly completed and returned. The results show that all five site progress documents （minutes of progress meetings, day-work sheets, photographs, weekly site records and personal site diaries） found in literature, are in use in Abuja, and have at least a high importance rating （i.e., relative importance index, 0.6 〈 RII 〈 0.8）. Prominent among the reasons for keeping the records are： control of ongoing work （R11 = 0.83） data for estimating future works and terms of contract requirement （each with RII = 0.823）. Though the present record keeping practices were largely assessed satisfactory, 95% of the Supervisors still yearned for improvement. The challenges to the current practice are consistent with those identified in literature and are： continuity consistency, legibility and accountability; in descending order of frequency of occurrence. Computerization, regular inspection of progress documents by assigned supervisors and in-house training of site staff are recommended for improving the record keeping practices.

Offense 掌握胜利之剑

足球永远是在进攻与防守之间来进行的,好的防守,虽然可以赢得自身的信心,但并不能赢得一场比赛,而进攻才是获得比赛胜利的唯一手段。许多相识的朋友,经常聊天说,进攻可以赢得比赛,而防守可以赢得冠军,话虽如此,但是在WE的虚拟绿茵场中,如果一味的防守,被动挨打,其结果只能落得失败的下场。每个人都有一套属于自己的进攻思路,而进攻思路的多寡,决定了在比赛中破门得分的成功率。今天和大家讨论的,就是如何来攻破对手球门的进球之道。

Non-Deterministic Liveness-Enforcing Supervisor Tolerant to Sensor-Reading Modification Attacks

In this paper, we study the supervisory control problem of discrete event systems assuming that cyber-attacks might occur. In particular, we focus on the problem of liveness enforcement and consider a sensor-reading modification attack(SM-attack) that may disguise the occurrence of an event as that of another event by intruding sensor communication channels. To solve the problem, we introduce non-deterministic supervisors in the paper, which associate to every observed sequence a set of possible control actions offline and choose a control action from the set randomly online to control the system. Specifically, given a bounded Petri net(PN) as the reference formalism and an SMattack, an algorithm that synthesizes a liveness-enforcing nondeterministic supervisor tolerant to the SM-attack is proposed for the first time.

Research on the Influence of Early Experience on the Growth Rate of Science and Engineering Graduate Supervisors

This research is based on three northeastern double first-class polytechnic universities.A total of 1628 science and engineering graduate supervisors?resumes were referred to from an official website by the random sampling method,of which only 500 supervisors were included in consideration of complete information,key events,and time in terms of the educational background(undergraduate school,graduate school,doctoral school,number of masters,number for Dr.),early work background(number of postdocs,number of overseas visits,numbers of research work),and the growth rate(period from graduation to associate professor title).The higher education background and early work background were defined as early experience,and the database of these 500 science and engineering graduate supervisors with complete resume information from three double first-class universities in northeastern China was established.In this study,the growth rate of the growth period was divided into two at the critical period:the growth rate of the graduate supervisor to associate professors.Through stepwise multiple regression analysis,it was found that higher education background(undergraduate schools,graduate schools,doctoral schools,as well as the number of master's and doctorate degrees)as well as early work background(number of postdoctoral work,research work,and overseas visits)have a significant impact on the growth rate of graduate supervisors to associate professors.

The Impact of Supervisory Career Support on Employees’Well-Being:A Dual Path Model of Opportunity and Ability

Background:In the pursuit of fostering employees’well-being,leaders are recognized as playing a vital role.However,so far,most of the existing research has focused on leadership behavior and the superficial interaction between leaders and members but has unexpectedly ignored the specific supporting role of supervisors in the career development of employees,that is,supervisory career support.Additionally,the internal mechanism of how career support from supervisors is related to and promotes employees’wellbeing is still unclear.Based on social cognitive career theory(SCCT),this study aimed to explore whether,how,and when supervisory career support affects employee well-being by introducing the two paths of‘career prospect’and‘career confidence.’Methods:During July 2023,this study employed a cross-sectional design.We gathered participants from corporate situated in Southern China.Results:Results based on a large sample of 14,533 employees showed that supervisory career support was positively related to employees’well-being through the dual path of career prospects(opportunity)and career confidence(ability).Employees high in proactive personality experienced the above positive effects most.Conclusion:This study provides meaningful implications for managers to implement personalized support strategies to improve employees’well-being.

Deadlock-free Supervisor Design for Robotic Manufacturing Cells With Uncontrollable and Unobservable Events

In this paper,a deadlock prevention policy for robotic manufacturing cells with uncontrollable and unobservable events is proposed based on a Petri net formalism.First,a Petri net for the deadlock control of such systems is defined.Its admissible markings and first-met inadmissible markings(FIMs)are introduced.Next,place invariants are designed via an integer linear program(ILP)to survive all admissible markings and prohibit all FIMs,keeping the underlying system from reaching deadlocks,livelocks,bad markings,and the markings that may evolve into them by firing uncontrollable transitions.ILP also ensures that the obtained deadlock-free supervisor does not observe any unobservable transition.In addition,the supervisor is guaranteed to be admissible and structurally minimal in terms of both control places and added arcs.The condition under which the supervisor is maximally permissive in behavior is given.Finally,experimental results with the proposed method and existing ones are given to show its effectiveness.

Deep-BERT:Transfer Learning for Classifying Multilingual Offensive Texts on Social Media

Offensive messages on social media,have recently been frequently used to harass and criticize people.In recent studies,many promising algorithms have been developed to identify offensive texts.Most algorithms analyze text in a unidirectional manner,where a bidirectional method can maximize performance results and capture semantic and contextual information in sentences.In addition,there are many separate models for identifying offensive texts based on monolin-gual and multilingual,but there are a few models that can detect both monolingual and multilingual-based offensive texts.In this study,a detection system has been developed for both monolingual and multilingual offensive texts by combining deep convolutional neural network and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers(Deep-BERT)to identify offensive posts on social media that are used to harass others.This paper explores a variety of ways to deal with multilin-gualism,including collaborative multilingual and translation-based approaches.Then,the Deep-BERT is tested on the Bengali and English datasets,including the different bidirectional encoder representations from transformers(BERT)pre-trained word-embedding techniques,and found that the proposed Deep-BERT’s efficacy outperformed all existing offensive text classification algorithms reaching an accuracy of 91.83%.The proposed model is a state-of-the-art model that can classify both monolingual-based and multilingual-based offensive texts.

Reliable Train Network with Active Supervisor

In this paper, a new reliable hierarchical model is suggested for a two-wagon train Networked Control System. Each wagon has a Controller that carries the control load and an Entertainment server that handles the entertainment. A supervisory controller runs on top of the two controllers and the two entertainment servers. Contrary to a similar model in the literature, the Supervisory node replaces a Controller as soon as it fails (Active Supervisor). All system states are analyzed and simulated using OPNET. It is shown that, for all states, this architecture has zero control packets dropped and the end-to-end delay is below the maximum target delay. A comparison between this Active model and the other model in the literature is presented. It is found that the entertainment in this new architecture is kept available for the passengers in more of the system states when compared to the architecture previously presented in the literature.

The Design of Supervisory Institutions in the Ming Dynasty and Its Enlightenment to Modern Society

The supervisory system and the examination system are two indigenous political systems of China,and the former has a longer history than the latter when it comes to the origin.Having inherited the essence of the supervisory system since the Qin Dynasty,the supervisory rules in the Ming Dynasty opened a new chapter of legal thoughts of monitoring.This paper started with the design of the supervisory institutions in the Ming Dynasty recorded in the historical materials such as the Memoir of Ming Dynasty and The Interpretive Supplements to"The Great Learning",to get a glimpse of the main content of the legal thoughts of supervisory at that time,and tried to"take history as a mirror"to provide insights and lessons of the legal thoughts of supervisory in the Ming Dynasty for the later generations.

Perfection solutions of supervisory audit in Chinese listed companies

Operational mechanism of supervisory audit in Chinese listed companies is not ideal, the supervisory effect of the listed company rely on features of supervisors＇ board and member of the supervisors＇ board. Based on the comparison of supervisory audit in Britain, Germany, France and Japan, and the empirical research on 100 listed companies in a share market, the paper analyses supervisory audit in Chinese listed companies, and proposes some perfection solutions to strengthen supervisory audit.

U.S. National Strategy: betweem Offensive and Integration

As the hegemonic country in the world system, U. S. national strategy is global and multi-directional. Since September 11, 2001, America has made series of adjustments in its global strategy, including adjustment in security focus and change of security means. Come what may, since America has become the superpower in the world system, its national strategy has always been between offensive and integration. In a sense, current American strategy is the combination of the two. Although different government would tilt toward one direction, none

Improved Attentive Recurrent Network for Applied Linguistics-Based Offensive Speech Detection

Applied linguistics is one of the fields in the linguistics domain and deals with the practical applications of the language studies such as speech processing,language teaching,translation and speech therapy.The ever-growing Online Social Networks(OSNs)experience a vital issue to confront,i.e.,hate speech.Amongst the OSN-oriented security problems,the usage of offensive language is the most important threat that is prevalently found across the Internet.Based on the group targeted,the offensive language varies in terms of adult content,hate speech,racism,cyberbullying,abuse,trolling and profanity.Amongst these,hate speech is the most intimidating form of using offensive language in which the targeted groups or individuals are intimidated with the intent of creating harm,social chaos or violence.Machine Learning(ML)techniques have recently been applied to recognize hate speech-related content.The current research article introduces a Grasshopper Optimization with an Attentive Recurrent Network for Offensive Speech Detection(GOARN-OSD)model for social media.The GOARNOSD technique integrates the concepts of DL and metaheuristic algorithms for detecting hate speech.In the presented GOARN-OSD technique,the primary stage involves the data pre-processing and word embedding processes.Then,this study utilizes the Attentive Recurrent Network(ARN)model for hate speech recognition and classification.At last,the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm(GOA)is exploited as a hyperparameter optimizer to boost the performance of the hate speech recognition process.To depict the promising performance of the proposed GOARN-OSD method,a widespread experimental analysis was conducted.The comparison study outcomes demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed GOARN-OSD model over other state-of-the-art approaches.

Cognitive Supervisor for an Autonomous Swarm of Robots

As a sequel to our recent work [1], in which a control framework was developed for large-scale joint swarms of unmanned ground (UGV) and aerial (UAV) vehicles, the present paper proposes cognitive and meta-cognitive supervisor models for this kind of distributed robotic system. The cognitive supervisor model is a formalization of the recently Nobel-awarded research in brain science on mammalian and human path integration and navigation, performed by the hippocampus. This is formalized here as an adaptive Hamiltonian path integral, and efficiently simulated for implementation on robotic vehicles as a pair of coupled nonlinear Schr?dinger equations. The meta-cognitive supervisor model is a modal logic of actions and plans that hinges on a weak causality relation that specifies when atoms may change their values without specifying that they must change. This relatively simple logic is decidable yet sufficiently expressive to support the level of inference needed in our application. The atoms and action primitives of the logic framework also provide a straight-forward way of connecting the meta-cognitive supervisor with the cognitive supervisor, with other modules, and to the meta-cognitive supervisors of other robotic platforms in the swarm.

The role of trust in supervisor in participative budgeting systems

This study examined the relationship between budget participation and managerial performance as mediated by trust in supervisor and explored the moderating role of budget-goal difficulty on budget participation, trust in supervisor, and managerial performance. One-hundred-fifty-eight useful responses were drawn at random from subordinate managers of manufacturing companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. The mediating effect of trust in supervisor was examined by path analysis. Subgroup analysis was used to examine the contingency effect of budget-goal difficulty on the mediating role of trust in supervisor between budget participation and performance. The findings support our hypotheses and demonstrate the mediating effect of trust in supervisor and the moderating effect of budget-goal difficulty.

The Effect of Customer Verbal Aggression on Burnout in Frontline Employees in Hotels and Travel Agencies: The Moderating Role of Perceived Supervisor Support

This study aimed to assess the effect of customer verbal aggression(CVA)on job burnout(JB)in frontline employee in both hotels and travel agencies,trying to reveal if there is a difference between both sectors in this context.The study additionally tested the moderation role of perceived supervisor support(PSS)in the relation between customer verbal aggression and burnout in hotels and travel agencies.Two versions of the questionnaire were distributed online.The first among hotels employees and the second was addressed to travel agencies employees;613 were retrieved and analyzed using the version of Spss 23.0.The results showed a significant difference among the level of customer verbal aggression,job burnout,and perceived supervisor support in hotels and travel agencies.Although there was a significant relation between customer verbal aggression and job burnout among frontline employees in both settings,this relationship was moderated by PSS in hotels but not in travel agencies.Eventually,the study concludes with recommendations and practical managerial implications in this regard and it can be considered as a first step for helping practitioners to efficiently manage such a phenomenon.

上下级工作与私人关系对员工越轨创新行为的差异性研究

在整合人情-面子理论和资源保存理论的基础上,通过Bootstrapping和RWA-Web两种方法对7家企业的257份多时点追踪调查数据进行分析,比较领导-成员交换关系和上下级私人关系影响员工越轨创新行为的直接效应和中介效应的差异。研究结果表明:领导-成员交换关系正向影响员工越轨创新行为;心理资本分别在领导-成员交换关系或上下级私人关系与员工越轨创新行为间发挥部分或完全中介作用;两类关系对员工越轨创新行为的积极影响存在差异,领导-成员交换关系的效应更强。

从消极惩罪到积极治理:中国特色轻罪治理体系的反思与完善

当今中国社会的犯罪现象正在经历从重罪到轻罪的重大变化,我国轻罪治理体系也应与时俱进地进行完善。这要求我们取轻罪之长,避轻罪之短。首先,要明确轻罪的定义,可以法定刑3年有期徒刑为上限、以处带有保安处分性质的限制或剥夺人身自由措施为下限,这一轻罪概念既契合我国刑事立法和司法的现实,也是面向未来轻罪立法的一种前瞻性考虑。然后,对轻罪扩张现象进行反思,厘清轻罪扩张带来的正面功能和负面效应,指明其具有回应民意、完善立法、规范行为的优势,也揭示其简化司法、异化刑罚、附随后果过剩的缺陷。在此基础上,对我国轻罪治理体系进行完善,在实体层面依据《刑法》第13条的但书规定和第37条的定罪免刑规定,建立多元的轻罪处遇模式;在程序法层面贯彻“三分原则”;在附随后果上严格限制适用主体、对象和内容;在前科消灭上逐步建立犯罪记录封存、注销和复权制度。这样多措并举,推动我国轻罪治理体系从消极惩罪向积极治理的现代化转型。