Behavioral Decision-Making of Key Stakeholders in Public-Private Partnerships:A Hybrid Method and Benefit Distribution Study

Public-private partnerships(PPPs)have been used by governments around the world to procure and construct infrastructural amenities.It relies on private sector expertise and funding to achieve this lofty objective.However,given the uncertainties of project management,transparency,accountability,and expropriation,this phenomenon has gained tremendous attention in recent years due to the important role it plays in curbing infrastructural deficits globally.Interestingly,the reasonable benefit distribution scheme in a PPP project is related to the behavior decisionmaking of the government and social capital,aswell as the performance of the project.In this paper,the government and social capital which are the key stakeholders of PPP projects were selected as the research objects.Based on the fuzzy expected value model and game theory,a hybrid method was adopted in this research taking into account the different risk preferences of both public entities and private parties under the fuzzy demand environment.To alleviate the problem of insufficient utilization of social capital in a PPP project,this paper seeks to grasp the relationship that exists between the benefit distribution of stakeholders,their behavioral decision-making,and project performance,given that they impact the performance of both public entities and private parties,as well as assist in maximizing the overall utility of the project.Furthermore,four game models were constructed in this study,while the expected value and opportunity-constrained programming model for optimal decision-making were derived using alternate perspectives of both centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making.Afterward,the optimal behavioral decision-making of public entities and private parties in four scenarios was discussed and thereafter compared,which led to an ensuing discussion on the benefit distribution system under centralized decision-making.Lastly,based on an example case,the influence of different confidence levels,price,and fuzzy uncertainties of PPP projects on the equilibrium strategy results of both parties were discussed,giving credence to the effectiveness of the hybrid method.The results indicate that adjusting different confidence levels yields different equilibriumpoints,and therefore signposts that social capital has a fair perception of opportunities,as well as identifies reciprocal preferences.Nevertheless,we find that an increase in the cost coefficient of the government and social capital does not inhibit the effort of both parties.Our results also indicate that a reasonable benefit distribution of PPP projects can assist them in realizing optimum Pareto improvements over time.The results provide us with very useful strategies and recommendations to improve the overall performance of PPP projects in China.

TOCO total assessment tool for decision-making on IP supplier selection

According to the Total Cost of Ownership concept (TOCO), the selection criterion of international procurement suppliers can be classified into two levels, namely Macroeconomic decision-making level and Microeconomic decision-making level. In this paper, a new quantitative method is put forward to accomplish the task of total assessment on the Microeconomic level which analyses all of the quantitative and qualitative factors with regard to the supplier selection. A Microsoft Excel based new application kit named TOCO Total Assessment Tool is introduced. It can calculate the direct cost and the indirect cost conveniently and can help to evaluate the performance of candidate suppliers. To use the tool, the first module called Total Cost Analysis Module is introduced to calculate the total cost of supplier selection, and then the second module named Supplier Evaluation Module is used to evaluate the performance of each supplier. Finally, the results from these two modules are transferred to the Final Comparison Module to get the final decision-making results. In this paper, the supplier selection related factors are discussed; the method of using the tool is illustrated in detail. It is shown that scientific usage of the TOCO Total Assessment Tool can make the decision-making processes of supplier selection in international procurement transparent, easily calculated, and objective. At the end, a practical case is given to clarify the procedure of using the tool.

Conjunctive Use of Engineering and Optimization in Water Distribution System Design

Water Distribution Systems (WDSs) design and operation are usually done on a case-by-case basis. Numerous models have been proposed in the literature to solve specific problems in this field. The implementation of these models to any real-world WDS optimization problem is left to the discretion of designers who lack the necessary tools that will guide them in the decision-making process for a given WDS design project. Practitioners are not always very familiar with optimization applied to water network design. This results in a quasi-exclusive use of engineering judgment when dealing with this issue. In order to support a decision process in this field, the present article suggests a step-by-step approach to solve the multi-objective design problem by using both engineering and optimization. A genetic algorithm is proposed as the optimization tool and the targeted objectives are: 1) to minimize the total cost (capital and operation), 2) to minimize the residence time of the water within the system and 3) to maximize a network reliability metric. The results of the case study show that preliminary analysis can significantly reduce decision variables and computational burden. Therefore, the approach will help network design practitioners to reduce optimization problems to a more manageable size.

Selecting suitable key supplier for core components during smart complex equipment central-private enterprises collaborative development process:from two different forms of evaluation information and matching perspective

With the development of central-private enterprises integration,selecting suitable key suppliers are able to provide core components for smart complex equipment.We consider selecting suitable key suppliers from matching perspective,for it not only satisfies natural development of smart complex equipment,it is also a good implementation of equipment project in central-private enterprises integration context.In in this paper,we carry out two parts of research,one is evaluation attributes based on comprehensive analysis,and the other is matching process between key suppliers and core components based on the matching attribute.In practical analysis process,we employ comprehensive evaluated analysis methods to acquire relevant attributes for the matching process that follows.In the analysis process,we adopt entropy-maximum deviation method(MDM)-decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)to obtain a comprehensive analysis.The entropy-MDM is applied to get weight value,DEMATEL is utilized to obtain internal relations,and TOPSIS is adopted to get ideal evaluated solution.We consider aggregating two types of evaluation information according to similarities of smart complex equipment based on the combination between geometric mean and arithmetic mean.Moreover,based on the aforementioned attributes and generalized power Heronian mean operator,we aggregate preference information to acquire relevant satisfaction degree,then combine the constructed matching model to get suitable key supplier.Through comprehensive analysis of selecting suitable suppliers,we know that two-sided matching and information aggregation can provide more research perspectives for smart complex equipment.Through analysis for relevant factors,we find that leading role and service level are also significant for the smart complex equipment development process.

The Climate Impact of Large-Scale Distributors:Acting on the Supply Chain

This work aims to analyse the actions that companies working in large-scale distribution carry along their value chains to minimise impacts on climate change.Companies operating in this field are aware that it is less effective to act directly on the core processes and need to involve the upstream value chain in their carbon reduction strategy.These businesses,in fact,need to focus on the indirect GHG(Greenhouse Gases)emissions and depend on how suppliers manage their impacts.In this sector,virtuous companies collaborate with their suppliers to get involved in a common path of quantifying and cutting said impacts together.This aspect is particularly relevant in the case of large-scale retailers.However,the process is not immediate since the supply chain is usually very dense and diverse,for instance,adopting various approaches that do not always coincide.In any case,the key aspect is mapping these suppliers:one of the tools mostly used for this purpose is the survey,as a quick instrument able to reach hundreds of suppliers at the same time,receiving a fast and standardized response,which can easily be processed to form a comprehensive and harmonized mapping of the results as the first step for the subsequent implementation of mitigation strategies.

质量风险视角下的电网物资供应商履约行为分析与对策研究

国家电网配网物资供应链中的产品质量对于配电网的安全运行具有非常重要的意义,其质量风险监控是电网企业的重要管理难题。基于企业实际检测运行数据,构建了相应的供应商履约行为分析模型,并基于实证研究探索了供应商非诚信履约行为与物资原材料价格之间的动态关联,发现原材料价格的增长型波动并不必然导致供应商的不诚信履约,利润空间总变动小或单位利润空间占比低对于供应商的履约行为有重要的指示性意义,进而在此基础上建立了相应的配网物资供应商非诚信行为预警模型。在数字化转型背景下,这一分析结果有助于为企业精准风控和运营管理提供新的思路与对策。

The Evaluation and Selection of Outsourcing Suppliers in Mass Customization (MC)

Many MC companies find it necessary to cooperate with a large number of outsourcing suppliers to provide MC products according to customers’ diversified orders.To this end,how to select competitve suppliers for the outsourcing manufacturing of non-core processes is the key to establish strong supply chain ally of MC company as well as make the company more efficient in its core manufacturing processes.A procedure of selecting outsourcing suppliers was presented to identify and find competitive suppliers.The continuous improvement of this procedure was proposed to ensure the optimal supply chain of MC company in the long run.Besides,a multi-criteria evaluation model in the procedure was set up according to MC’s characteristic with fuzzy multi-criteria methods combined to solve the fuzzy problems of criteria weight and qualitative attribute value.A case study of MC manufacturing company was provided to show that the procedure,model and methods are effective to select outsourcing suppliers.

Lean Construction in Supply Chain Management： Supplier and Buyer Relationship in Social Housing

To the accomplishment of this article, we have chosen, as a case study, a small Goiana construction company that acted in the market of social housing. The main goal of this work is to analyze the fundamental aspects related to the management of the flow of supplies in civil construction to achieve a greater streamlining of logistic processes involved in supplying material. A checklist was developed for the purpose of data collection, and it was applied by means of an interview with the person in charge of the purchase department of the enterprise. In addition, this person is the engineer of the site. Taking into account the exploratory feature of this research, the construction site was visited so that some issues, such as quality aspects, losses, cleanliness and organization, could be observed. This on-site data collection visit was carried out through visual analyses and photographs. The obtained results were subdivided into a quantitative and a qualitative analysis. In this way, it was possible to see that the production process still has many phases to be improved. What is more, it was possible to see that the construction company knows its flaws and necessities to improve its processes although the final result does not have the expected quality. Being aware of this need for improvement, the construction company aims at having an affordable price product to the target public, especially when it is associated to an image that shows quality.

区块链下航空供应商质量数据管理平台设计

为解决传统航空供应链管理存在的制造过程数据信息不明和监管不足等问题,设计区块链下供应商质量数据管理平台。结合生产车间检测业务阐述制造数据获取、归集、上链和应用的运行机制。提出针对航空供应商质量数据的全流程管理方案,涵盖数据的源头采集、质量数据融合与结构化、数据存储及响应和数据识别和溯源等关键技术。依托某航空产业园区对供方数据进行平台应用实践,提出数据管理可视化设计和基于数据应用的工序过程控制方案。通过应用实例验证了所提质量数据管理平台设计的可行性和实用性。

Combining permissioned blockchain and Bayesian best-worst method for transparent supplier selection in supply chain management

Supplier selection is an important business activity in order to realize the purchasing function in supply chain management.The supplier selection process includes four stages,i.e.,bidding inviting,bidding,group decision-making,and results disclosure,involving the participation of manufacturing service demanders(MSDs),manufacturing service suppliers(MSSs),and decisionmakers.Nowadays,all the participants have raised concerns about the increased transparency in supplier selection.Therefore,this study proposes a transparent supplier selection method by considering the engagement of suppliers.In this method,the Bayesian best-worst method(Bayesian BWM)is used to aggregate decision-makers'preferences into the overall optimal weights of the alternative MSSs,and the MSS with the largest weight is considered the suitable MSS for MSDs.Furthermore,blockchain is introduced to record the decision-making process information about supplier selection through a customized smart contract,where MSSs act as supervisors to supervise the decision-making process through the distributed consensus mechanism rather than directly participate in the decision-making process.Finally,a case study of supplier selection in purchasing vibration acceleration sensors is presented.The result shows that the proposed method can support MSDs in selecting suitable MSS from alternative MSSs by aggregating decision-makers'preferences,and blockchain can provide credible information about the supplier selection process for MSSs,MSDs,and decision-makers.In this way,the transparency of supplier selection is enhanced.

Evaluation of green building suppliers based on IVPLTS-CBR decision-making method

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to propose a multi-criteria decision-making model based on the casebased reasoning(CBR)method for interval-valued probabilistic linguistic term set(IVPLTS),which can cluster different categories of building suppliers for targeted management.Design/methodology/approach-First,a new score function and distance measure for IVPLTS are proposed.Second,a green building supplier evaluation criterion system is constructed from five aspects:operation management,green management,cooperation potential,service level and product information.Finally,the IVPLTS-CBR model is used to evaluate the green building suppliers and groups them into three preset categories.Findings-The feasibility and validity of the proposed method are verified by comparing with the advanced TOPSIS method and the IVPLTS-based VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje(VIKOR)method.The compared results show that the proposed method is more consistent with the actual situation and has strong theoretical significance and practical value.Research limitations/implications-This paper presents a new method for clustering construction suppliers.Decision makers can use this method to classify construction suppliers into different categories,so that they can be targeted management.In this way,suppliers can be better guided and motivated to accelerate the green transformation and contribute their share to achieve the strategic goal of carbon neutral and carbon peak as soon as possible.Originality/value-A new score function and distance measure for IVPLTS are proposed.Besides,a novel IVPLTS-CBR method is applied to rank and cluster building suppliers.

考虑分布式发电商投资的区域配电网光伏储能容量配置

基于成本效益分析,以分布式发电商净收益现值最大为目标函数,建立了考虑单一分布式发电商投资的区域配电网光伏储能容量配置模型。在模型中,采用雨流计数法计算储能寿命,并针对不同的电价机制设计了相应的调度策略。针对提出的优化模型,设计了两阶段求解框架:第一阶段在极端场景下计算候选节点接纳能力的有功值上限;第二阶段将第一阶段的结果作为约束,利用枚举法求解最优的分布式光伏储能容量。运用所提出的模型和框架,在IEEE33节点中针对不同类型区域配电网及不同电价机制进行了仿真分析。结果表明,分布式发电商能够在确保自身收益最大化的同时,实现与用户的双赢。

我国用电侧电力市场模式的初步探讨

探讨我国用电侧电力市场的模式。借鉴当前国外电力改革的经验,结合我国国情,提出用电侧市场将经历过渡期和实施期2个发展阶段,并在不同阶段改革的首要目标应不相同。对每个阶段里各个市场成员的地位、职能及相互联系都进行了较详细的分析,并注意与发电侧电力市场的实施方案结合起来。对在电力市场化过程中出现的配网使用费制定、供电电价制定和停运赔偿等问题进行简要的讨论。

考虑能量随机性的分布式风电和联络线协调规划

分布式风电(DWG)和联络线对配电网的可靠性有重要的影响,为此提出考虑能量随机性的DWG和联络线协调规划的方法,首先分析功率输出不确定的DWG与联络线配合对可靠性的影响,研究了考虑能量随机性DWG和联络线位置影响的配电网可靠性评估算法。然后在此基础上,建立了考虑分布式电源独立投资商和配电公司综合投资、环境效益以及供电可靠性三方面影响的规划模型,以确定联络线位置和DWG位置容量。IEEE 33算例结果表明,利用该方法能够得到合理的联络线布局和分布式风电选址定容方案。

我国生鲜电商“最后一公里”众包配送模式

我国生鲜电商市场潜力巨大,但由于"最后一公里"配送环节成本高,损耗大,配送服务质量与顾客需求不匹配,严重阻碍了我国生鲜电商的进一步发展。基于生鲜物流"最后一公里"配送质量、顾客需求及生鲜众包模式接受度调查数据,鉴于当前政策法律环境不断改善,顾客已经对送货上门形成习惯,定制化配送可以更好地满足顾客需求,而生鲜众包配送模式在满足顾客交付需求与定制化服务需求方面优势明显,有利于优化配置社会闲置资源,形成行业轻资产模式,降低企业固定成本,且不会增加顾客购物成本,在解决生鲜电商"最后一公里"配送问题上具有可行性。此外,对于配送中可能出现的一系列问题,如个人信息泄露、冷链不冷、质量安全、配送服务标准、配送效率、顾客不接受陌生人配送等,也可采取相应措施来最大程度地保障顾客权益,如加强宣传,加强监督,签订保密协议;建立可视化物流信息查询系统,分类专门配送;与保险公司合作建立保险机制,提供人身保险服务;提高工作门槛,提供专业培训,进行身份验证,建立配送员信用评价体系;建立切实有效的奖励和惩罚制度等。

垄断制造商的供应商选择与竞争价值分配

在供应链的价值分配的研究中,引入了混合博弈和价值分配偏好的方法.探讨在制造商垄断、多个供应商处于竞争关系的情况下,制造商对供应商的选择与制造商在供应链中的价值分配偏好之间的关系.对于特殊情况,供应商的数量越大和供应量的差异越小,制造商获取供应链价值分配的偏好越大.对于一般情况,引入"竞争差值"和"竞争剩余"来刻画影响制造商价值分配的本质因素,供应商的竞争剩余之和减去供应竞争差值放大的值越小,制造商获取供应链价值分配的偏好越大.

基于非合作博弈的城市食品冷链共同配送定价

城市消费者对保鲜、冷冻食品的需求日益激增,对配送的效率与质量也提出了很高的要求,但当前冷链物流过高的配送成本很大程度上限制了生鲜电商市场的发展.在对城市食品冷链物流发展现状及瓶颈分析的基础上,提出了城市食品冷链2B/2C业务融合共配模式,建立了第三方物流企业与生鲜电商定价博弈模型,得出通过定价折扣策略可以提高博弈双方的收益的结论.可以为第三方物流与生鲜电商开展冷链B2C配送业务提供参考.

基于梯形模糊数的配电网设备供应商风险评估

配电网设备采购阶段作为电网设备风险管理的起点,对整个设备寿命周期风险管理起着至关重要的作用。为了科学地评估配电网设备供应商风险,基于配电网设备供应商风险分析,构建了科学合理的配电网设备供应商风险评估指标体系,运用三角模糊层次分析法确定权重,进而采用梯形模糊数的运算法则和集合算子,计算配电网设备供应商风险评估指标的评估值,确定风险评估结果,并以算例验证了该风险评估方法的可行性与实用性。

收购商主导的蔬菜供应链模式利益分配格局——基于两条典型蔬菜供应链的调研

蔬菜产业是我国最重要的农业产业之一,蔬菜供应链利益分配合理与否事关我国蔬菜产业健康发展。对海南青椒到北京以及长阳萝卜到广州两条典型收购商主导的蔬菜供应链进行跟踪调查,剖析整个供应链各环节成本收益状况发现,农户获得了蔬菜供应链利润中的绝大部分,收购商在供应链中的获利较为稳定,零售商基本仅能获得人工工资甚至仅仅获得部分人工工资,而农户总收益不高的根源在于经营规模小,从生产者到消费者过程中导致蔬菜价格大幅度上涨最重要的原因是零售商销售规模太小,需要分摊的零售商劳动力成本过多。因此,扩大农户种植规模、发展轻简化生产、提高产业链整体利润是增加农户收入的主要途径;创新蔬菜零售业态、扩大零售商经营规模是降低零售价格的重要手段。

基于多目标规划的供应商选择研究

文章结合国内外关于供应商选择的相关文献,分析了供应商选择的评价标准和方法,以质量、价格和交货期为供应商评价的标准,针对产品在各个生命周期阶段(引入期、成长期、成熟期和衰退期)的不同特点分析了各评价标准的优先次序,分别建立了多目标规划模型,以便解决不同情况下企业确定供应商数量和分配采购量的问题,最后以实例证明该方法的可行性和灵敏度。