Dynamic Analysis of Supply and Demand Coupling of Ecosystem Services in Loess Hilly Region:A Case Study of Lanzhou,China

The relationship between the supply and demand for ecosystem services(ESs)is a key issue for the rational allocation of natural resources and optimisation of sustainable development capacity.This paper investigateed the dynamic evolution features of supply and demand of four ESs in Lanzhou of China,namely,water supply,food supply,carbon fixation and soil retention services.The crosssectional data of 2005 and 2017 were used for calculating ESs value and its supply and demand through ArcGIS software,InVEST model,elastic coefficient model and coupling coordination model.Results showed that:1)from 2005 to 2017,the supply of water supply services increased,the demand of soil retention services decreased,and the supply and demand of food supply and carbon fixation services increased.The high-value areas of service supply were mainly distributed in the rocky mountain areas in the southeast and northwest with high vegetation coverage,while the high-value areas of demand were mainly distributed in the urban areas and surrounding areas with high population density.2)There were five different types of coupling relations.Water supply service was dominated by a negative coupling type D,which means that the decrease in demand for ESs has had a positive response on the supply of ESs.Negative coupling type C was the main type of food supply and carbon fixation services,which means that the increase in demand for ESs has had a negative response on the supply of ESs.All three services were supplemented by a positive coupling type A,which means that the increase in demand for ESs has had a positive response on the supply of ESs.Soil retention service generally exhibits a positive coupling type B,which means that the decrease in demand for ESs has had a negative response on the supply of ESs.3)Over the past 12 yr,the coordination degree of supply and demand of water supply,food supply and soil retention services decreased,and the coordination degree of carbon fixation service increased.Various types of ES had a low degree of coupling and coordination,showing different characteristics of temporal and spatial evolution.The areas with imbalanced ESs supply and demand were mainly distributed in urban areas dominated by construction land.The research results are valuable to the optimisation of urban and rural ecological environments and the sustainable development of territory space under the framework of ecological civilisation,including similar ecologically vulnerable areas in other developing countries.

Quantitative assessment of the supply,demand and flows of ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Basin,China

Ecosystem service flow is essential for transporting,transforming,and maintaining ecosystem services and connecting supply and demand.This study attempted to quantitatively assess the supply and demand flows of ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Basin in 2000,2010,and 2020;assess the evolution of the spatial patterns of ecosystem service flow at the provincial,watershed and urban agglomeration scales;and design a zoning standard for ecosystem service flow.The results showed as follows.1)Between 2000 and 2020,the Yangtze River had a progressive drop in its freshwater supply,water conservation service and carbon sequestration service flows.The decline rates for these services were measured at 10.90%,11.11%,and 5.17%,respectively.The climate regulation service flow exhibited a pattern of initial fall followed by a subsequent increase,characterized by a decline rate of 35.53%.2)The lowest was the ecosystem service flow in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration.Freshwater supply service flow and water conservation service flow were the highest in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.Carbon sequestration service flow and climate regulation service flow were the highest in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin and the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.3)From 2000 to 2020,the change ratios of the area proportion of the confluence,flow,and outflow areas in the Yangtze River Basin were 1.06,3.17,and 0.86,respectively.The results of this research could offer decision support for regulating ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Basin,promoting sustainable regional development and achieving rational use of the basin resources.

Ecosystem Service Flow Insights into Horizontal Ecological Compensation Standards for Water Resource: A Case Study in Dongjiang Lake Basin, China

Water supply services(WSSs) are critical for the regional water balance and water circulation, but relevant studies have not established the relationship between WSSs and human well-being. This research identifies the scope of areas that benefit from WSSs from an ecosystem service flow perspective. Moreover, the path and quantity of the flow of WSSs are simulated to provide a scientific theoretical basis for ecosystem service management and ecological compensation. The Dongjiang Lake Basin is a national priority river basin in China where ecological compensation pilot programmes concerning water resources are top priorities. Dongjiang Lake Basin experienced an increase and then a decrease in the overall supply of water, with an average net water supply of 1096–1500 mm for the years 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010. The water demand increased each year in service beneficiary areas(SBAs), varying from 387 to 580 mm. Overall, Dongjiang Lake Basin met the net water demands of the actual SBAs in the lower reaches, but a gap in the water supply and demand emerged gradually. This research provides an understanding of the functional mechanisms for the provision, demand and flow of WSSs and provides a scientific theoretical basis for ecosystem service management and ecological compensation.

An ecosystem services zoning framework for the permafrost regions of China

The degradation of the permafrost regions, resulting from intensive anthropogenic activities and global warming, has led to the loss of ecosystem services and is threating human well-being. Nevertheless, the real ecosystem service values and their complete zoning system in the permafrost regions have received insufficient attention. Research gaps between the identification of permafrost-based ecosystem services and ecosystem management are seriously constraining the development of cryospheric science. Thus, an ecosystem service zoning framework that links ecosystem services with human welfares is proposed to solve the abovementioned challenges in the permafrost regions of China. The three tiered zoning framework for ecosystem services, consisting of zoning goals, principles, hierarchy, methodology, and nomenclature, is proposed for the permafrost regions of China. A combined method, i.e., GIS spatial tools, the location entropy analysis model, and ecosystem services assessment, was employed to distinguish ecosystem conditions, ecosystem service supply, and beneficiaries into these three-grade ecosystem service zones. Hierarchical and dynamic zoning could clarify protection priorities of ecosystems and ecosystem services in terms of regions, grades, and types. The framework could contribute to sustainable management of ecosystem services in the cryosphere.

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Supply and Demand Balance of Water Supply Services in the Dongjiang Lake Basin and Its Beneficiary Areas

Water-related ecosystem services is a hot topic in ecological research. Water supply services are crucial to regional water cycles and water quantity balance. The Dongjiang Lake basin is a national priority river basin in China where ecological compensation pilot programs concerning water resources and water supply services are top priorities for ecosystem service protection. We analyzed spatial and temporal patterns associated with generation and use of water supply services in the Dongjiang Lake basin using the In VEST model, socio-economic data and water resource data. We found that between 1995 and 2010, water yield in the Dongjiang Lake basin and its beneficiary areas increased before declining, varying 9350–12 400 m3 ha-1 y-1; average water yield peaked in 2000. The spatial distribution patterns of water yield during these years are similar, progressively decreasing from upstream to downstream with a remarkable reduction in surrounding areas of city clusters. Average water consumption of the basin and its beneficiary areas ranged from 2900–4450 m3 ha-1 y-1 between 1995 and 2010; the spatial distribution patterns of water consumption during these years are similar, dropping gradually from urban construction land to its surroundings with a stronger gradient between urban and rural areas. More water was consumed on both banks and surroundings of the lake. From 1995 to 2010, water supply fell short of demand for urban construction land and its proximity as well as areas along the lake. Water supply services were able to satisfy needs in other regions. The Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan city cluster suffers from the most strained water supply.

Traffic accessibility and the coupling degree of ecosystem services supply and demand in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration,China

The spatial relationships between traffic accessibility and supply and demand(S&D)of ecosystem services(ESs)are essential for the formulation of ecological compensation policies and ESs regulation.In this study,an ESs matrix and coupling analysis method were used to assess ESs S&D based on land-use data for 2000,2010,and 2020,and spatial regression models were used to analyze the correlated impacts of traffic accessibility.The results showed that the ESs supply and balance index in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration(MRYRUA)continuously decreased,while the demand index increased from 2000 to 2020.The Gini coefficients of these indices continued to increase but did not exceed the warning value(0.4).The coupling degree of ESs S&D continued to increase,and its spatial distribution patterns were similar to that of the ESs demand index,with significantly higher values in the plains than in the montane areas,contrasting with those of the ESs supply index.The results of global bivariate Moran’s I analysis showed a significant spatial dependence between traffic accessibility and the degree of coupling between ESs S&D;the spatial regression results showed that an increase in traffic accessibility promoted the coupling degree.The present results provide a new perspective on the relationship between traffic accessibility and the coupling degree of ESs S&D,representing a case study for similar future research in other regions,and a reference for policy creation based on the matching between ESs S&D in the MRYRUA.

Mapping Supply-Demand of Riparian Ecosystem Service for Riparian Greenspace Planning on Multiple Spatial Scales

Riparian areas produce a variety of ecosystem service(ES)functions and play an important role in the coupled nature-human systems.Taking account of riparian ES in riparian greenspace planning framework and balancing the ecological and social aspects of ES can help to achieve the composite goals for urban-rural sustainability.However,there is still a lack of research on the integration thinking and quantification approach for riparian ES to support riparian greenspace planning and decision-making.This research mainly discusses the possible way of incorporating the ES into riparian greenspace planning and presents an integrated framework of the interaction between riparian ES and riparian greenspace planning,including evaluating riparian ES supply-demand budget to support multi-scales(region,urban,and street)riparian greenspace planning.Taking the Nanchuan District of Chongqing in China as a case study,we aim to achieve the following three results:first,recognizing the relationship and building a link between riparian ES and riparian greenspace planning;second,establishing a multi-scale scoring system of two ES supply-demand indicators for mapping on three spatial scales;third,applying riparian ES supply-demand mapping into riparian greenspace planning from three aspects of balancing planning goals,multi-scale planning tasks,and planning strategies and policies.

Integrated assessment of the supply-demand relationship of ecosystem services in the Loess Plateau during 1992-2015

Landscape alterations and ecosystem services(ES)are crucial elements that affect the socioecological development of ecologically fragile regions.To provide scientific support for the land-use planning and regional ecological restoration to achieve sustainable development goals(SDGs)in the Loess Plateau from 1992 to 2015,this study proposes an integrated assessment framework for assessing the supply-demand match and equilibrium of ES combining potential relationships between landscape alterations,ES,and sustainable development at the county and regional scales.Results show that more than 85%of local counties have a supply-demand mismatch in terms of ecosystem services.Supply-demand distributions for provisioning and supporting services were relatively balanced compared to cultural services,which were imbalanced.Although the overall supply-demand relationship is relatively balanced because of the significant influence of ecological restoration,it shows an increasing trend toward imbalance as human-land conflict is prominent in some regions.SDGs emphasize on specific ES information such as ecosystem conservation,sustainable agriculture,and urban construction.Furtherly,positive impacts from landscape dynamics can improve the supply capacity of the ES and contribute to regional sustainability.

山地多中心城市公园绿地生态系统文化服务供需匹配特征

城市公园绿地为居民提供了重要的生态系统文化服务,在促进居民身心健康和提高社会福祉方面发挥着关键作用。以典型山地城市重庆中心城区为例,构建供需匹配评估体系,利用多源数据量化供给与需求,识别供需平衡与协调发展关系。结果表明:(1)重庆市中心城区城市公园绿地生态系统文化服务供需具有显著空间异质性,供给呈北高南低、分散布局的格局,需求呈中心高、外围低的格局;(2)生态系统文化服务供需失衡特征显著,其中52.38%的组团文化服务供给滞后,33.33%的组团属于供给超前状态;供需耦合协调指数平均值为0.50,协调发展程度空间分布呈“中心高、外围低”格局;(3)综合分析供需均衡与耦合协调结果发现,由于供给超前导致了外围城市组团的失调发展,而城市中心区域组团在供给滞后状态下维持了中等水平协调发展程度。总体来看,重庆市中心城区各组团存在不同程度的公园绿地生态系统文化服务供需错配,基于评估提出针对性的城市公园绿地优化策略,可为公园绿地的合理配置与规划提供重要支持。

黄河流域生态系统服务供需的时空变化及与人类活动的空间交互作用

【目的】随着人类活动对生态系统干扰的日益加强,分析黄河流域生态系统服务供需的变化特征及其与人类活动的交互作用,能够为生态保护和可持续发展策略的制定提供理论依据。【方法】采用当量因子法核算1980—2020年黄河流域生态系统服务供给量,以土地利用开发程度、人口密度和经济密度核算生态系统服务需求量,并基于供需分析和人类活动强度的量化结果,采用双变量空间自相关分析方法揭示了两者之间的交互关系。【结果】结果表明:1980—2020年,黄河流域生态系统服务供给呈现先减少后增加趋势,总体减少了14.43×10^(8)元;生态系统服务需求增加,特别是在2000年后增加更明显,2020年呈现自西向东递增的空间格局。黄河流域低供给-高需求的地级市主要位于研究区东部地区,低供给-低需求的地级市主要位于中部地区且被高供给-低需求的地级市围绕。人类活动强度呈现东部地区较高,而西部地区较低的特征,且随时间推移在增强。黄河流域生态系统服务供需与人类活动强度之间表现为显著的空间负相关性,并且在局部尺度呈现出High-Low集聚、Low-High集聚和Low-Low集聚三种集聚模式。【结论】研究结果可视化了黄河流域生态系统服务与人类活动在空间上的权衡关系,能够为协调生态保护与人类活动的政策制定提供科学指引。

基于水供需服务流及外溢价值核算的太湖流域横向生态补偿机制

通过生态补偿协调流域内经济发展与生态保护的关系、缓解上下游利益相关者之间的矛盾是保障流域经济社会可持续发展的关键措施,而流域生态补偿核定的关键在于两点:一是如何模拟并量化水供需服务流动的流向、流量、流速及路径以明确供需双方及其空间关系;二是如何实现栅格尺度-地理单元-行政单元的尺度推演以实现不同行政单元之间生态系统服务的盈余、占用、外溢核算。整合卫星遥感、经济社会统计、水文气象观测等多源异构数据,集成水量平衡、水供需服务流动、生态价值核算等方法,构建了基于水供需流动及其外溢价值核算的流域横向生态补偿标准核定框架,利用D8流向法解决了水供需服务流动的流向、流量、流速及路径模拟与量化,实现了“栅格尺度-地形单元-行政单元”空间尺度推演的外溢价值核算,形成了流域内横向水生态补偿资金收取与分配方案。以太湖流域为例,在全面分析水资源外溢、占用及其价值的基础上,解析了县域尺度的水供需时空关系、流动路径及属性特征,辅以水质指标进而明确界定了责任方与补偿对象,形成了补偿资金收取与分配方案。结果表明,太湖流域水供需双方界线清晰、服务流近似于自然汇流过程,供给方以流域西部、西南部、中部县域为主,特别是西部至中部的县域,应受偿资金较多,平均各县应受偿资金比例超过2%/a,应受偿资金最多的嘉善区,比例超过19.66%/a;需求方聚集于流域中部、东部,特别是黄浦江自然汇流沿岸县域,应收取补偿资金较多,平均各县应收取资金比例超过5%/a,应收取最多的浦东新区,比例超过15.48%/a;净补偿资金基本呈现西高东低的分布特征,流域的大部分城市核心区的县域净补偿资金为负值。研究的核定框架、量化核算方法、资金统筹方案可应用到其他流域的横向生态补偿机制构建,实现流域内部与流域之间生态保护和经济发展的整体协调。

水源供给服务供需流空间不匹配特征识别及优化

如何识别水源供给服务在自然-人类社会系统中的空间流动过程和匹配特征,对于区域水资源管理和可持续利用具有重要意义。以重庆市为研究区域,基于InVEST模型和社会经济发展视角定量评估流域尺度下的水源供给量和需水量,结合水资源安全指数和热点分析构建水源供给服务流模型,揭示水源供给服务供需空间匹配关系,依据水源供给服务流空间属性特征划分供需匹配关系的区域类型,借助地理探测器从自然、社会和生态三个角度讨论影响各区域类型水源供给服务供需匹配关系的影响因素。结果表明:(1) 2000、2010、2020年重庆市流域水源供给量与需水量均先减少后上升,供需比平均值分别为1.17、1.08、0.9,整体供需不匹配的问题逐渐得到缓解,但局部仍有供需不匹配现象。空间上中高度赤字区域集中在主城区内,向外辐射为轻度赤字区域,盈余区域分布在东北和东南方向。(2) 2000、2010、2020年重庆市水源供需比冷、热点范围均在缩小,流域面积分别相对减少了25.34%、9.2%。水源供给服务流空间上整体呈现出自东北、东南方向向西流动的路径,同时冷点区内部呈边缘向中心流动。(3)汇流区集中在西北部,经流区位于中部,外流区集中在东南和与东北部。影响汇流区供需匹配关系的主导因素是蒸散发,解释力为74.08%;影响经流区的主导因素是第三产业GDP,解释力为51.44%;外流区各影响因子的解释力均较低。不同影响因子之间蒸散发与其它因素的交互作用显著增强。研究可以为重庆市自然资源的管理与流域生态补偿机制的建立提供科学依据。

基于多源数据的重庆中心城区绿地生态系统文化服务供需关系研究

快速城市化及城市扩张过程中,城市绿地生态系统文化服务(CES)供给与公众需求空间失衡问题日益凸显。如何有效识别城市绿地文化服务供需空间匹配特征是优化绿地空间布局、提升绿地服务效率的关键所在。本研究以重庆市中心城区为研究范围,基于地理空间数据等多源数据,运用GIS分析技术、空间相关性分析等方法,构建了城市绿地文化服务供需评价指标体系和分析框架,识别了山地城市绿地文化服务供给与居民需求的空间匹配类型。研究发现CES供给具明显的空间聚集性,全局莫兰指数为0.720,呈现为“大核—次核—小核”的分布形态,CES需求全局莫兰指数为0.834,呈现中心高外围低、西高东低的空间格局,双变量自相关分析显示供给与需求之间存在空间结构相似性,CES供需关系整体上较好,但一些关键区域匹配失衡压力较大。根据供需平衡关系特征,将研究区识别为六类空间类型,并对每种类型提出了CES优化提升路径。研究结果可为山地城市绿地生态系统文化服务优化路径提供理论支撑与实践借鉴。

耦合生态系统服务供需的生态安全格局构建——以苏南地区为例

生态系统服务供需平衡是保障生态安全的基础,将生态系统服务供需作用流动机制融入生态安全格局构建对保障区域生态安全和提升人类生态福祉具有重要意义。基于景观生态学原理,提出耦合生态系统服务供需的生态安全格局构建逻辑方法,以苏南地区为研究区构建了景观生态安全格局和社会生态安全格局。研究结果表明:(1)耦合生态系统服务供需的生态安全格局应以维系区域生态安全和保障区域人类生态福祉为构建目标。其中,生态安全以生态系统服务与生态风险为核心关注对象,人类生态福祉的实现依赖于人类主动获取与生态系统服务流;(2)苏南地区生态系统服务供需间存在错配格局,在此基础上分别识别生态源地与需求源地4247.46km^(2)、1882.16km^(2),生态廊道与供需廊道1614.02km、1915.82km,生态夹点29处、生态障碍点23处、生态供需节点20处;(3)形成“三区四带两组团”的社会-景观生态安全格局优化布局方案,并在此基础上提出针对性保护修复策略,推动经济-生态空间协同发展。研究可为丰富区域生态安全格局构建理论和方法、推动国土空间优化与管控提供参考借鉴。

供需视角下的长江重庆段江心岛生态管理策略研究

长江重庆段江心岛是流域生态系统中的高生态区位节点,而当前静态保护模式忽略了多元主体对于岛屿生态、社会经济和文化等共融发展的新需求,造成江心岛人地矛盾突出,因此协同好岛屿生态系统服务的供需关系,对促进长江重庆段江心岛生态系统可持续发展和流域国土空间生态文明建设尤为重要。结合长江重庆段14个江心岛生态系统服务供需情况的田野调查,对其生态系统服务供需交互关系进行解读,搭建江心岛生态系统服务供需的空间耦合关联框架,指明统筹好自然空间和多元利益主体的综合治理是促进江心岛“社会—生态”协同发展的关键。在此基础上,从支持与调节服务退化、供给和文化服务价值发挥不足、供需协调综合效能提升不足等三个层面识别出当前造成江心岛生态服务供需矛盾的主要原因,最后整理归纳出岛屿生态管控、系统要素配置和多元主体共治三大策略,以期为更多同类型江心岛的生态管理提供系统性的理论和实践借鉴。

从模型到应用:基于生态系统服务权衡的乡村生态修复规划工具研究

在全球范围内的气候变化背景下,具有多种功能和服务价值的乡村生态空间成为当下国际生态规划研究与合作的关注热点之一。为实现乡村生态空间的精准管理与规划,中德双方围绕联合课题“生态系统服务概念在德国鲁尔与中国大都市区韧性发展模式下的绿色基础设施规划应用”进行了深入探索。在土地利用与土地覆盖类型的基础上,进一步识别了生物群落类型,并基于调节、供给、文化三大生态系统服务类型,选取了评估生态系统服务供需权衡的指标和对应权重,构建了乡村生态空间规划场景下的生态系统服务价值评测模型。以上海市水库村为例,运用该课题的评测模型,初步评估了典型乡村生态规划场景下的生态系统服务价值。最后,从应用尺度、研究范围以及操作流程三个方面总结了该评测模型的优化方向。

基于生态系统服务供需平衡的粤港澳大湾区生态安全格局构建

构建生态安全格局是控制城市蔓延、实现区域生态安全和促进社会可持续发展的重要途经。维持生态系统服务供需平衡是生态安全健康发展的保障和关键。现有相关研究在生态源地的识别过程中缺乏对生态系统服务供需平衡,以及生态系统服务的人类活动效应的考量。因此,如何顾及生态系统服务供需平衡和人类活动识别生态源地,是构建区域生态安全格局需要解决的重要问题。以粤港澳大湾区为研究对象,基于生态系统服务供需平衡识别初始生态源地,并根据生态系统服务随土地开发程度的梯度效应进一步确定最终生态源地,而后结合生态廊道、生态战略点的识别,最终确定粤港澳大湾区生态安全格局。结果表明:(1)研究区生态系统服务供需空间匹配程度较弱,表现为四周高供给-低需求,中部高需求-低供给的空间分布特征;(2)研究区生态系统服务综合供给具有随土地开发程度增加而呈显著下降的特征,且存在显著的突变点(阈值)。即在土地开发程度超过28.27%时的生态系统服务综合供给迅速下降;(3)研究区共有100块生态源地,总面积为7344.24km^(2),整体呈“东西部多-中部空”的外围环绕式分布结构;(4)研究区共有175条生态廊道,总长度为1568.48km,廊道整体呈环状分布特征;(5)研究区存在40处生态夹点和19处障碍点,这些点的分布主要受廊道的长度以及耕地和建设用地的分布的影响。上述关键生态要素共同构成了环绕粤港澳大湾区的环形生态屏障。

长江中游生态系统服务供需平衡与居民福祉耦合的时空特征

生态系统服务供给、需求与居民福祉的相互复杂关系是自然生态系统和社会经济系统研究中重要的交叉科学问题,也是生态系统服务和居民福祉研究的热点难点问题和矛盾多发领域。然而,已有研究更为关注生态系统服务供给对居民福祉的贡献,忽视了生态系统服务需求以及供需平衡对居民福祉的影响。选择长江中游地区作为研究靶区和2000—2018年作为研究时段,建立生态系统服务供需量化矩阵测度生态系统服务供需平衡,采用年度组合赋权法和线性函数加权法评估居民福祉,引入弹性系数模型划分生态系统服务供需平衡与居民福祉耦合关系类型,并进一步研究其时空特征。结果表明:1)生态系统服务供需平衡与居民福祉耦合关系可划分为“供需改善-福祉增加”“供需恶化-福祉增加”“供需改善-福祉减少”以及“供需恶化-福祉减少”4种,分别对应最优、次优、次差以及最差耦合关系类型;2)长江中游地区生态系统服务供需平衡与居民综合福祉耦合关系表现为以权衡关系为主导且逐渐增强,其中“供需恶化-福祉增加”县域单元占比由2000—2010年的81.99%增至2010—2018年的91.57%;3)生态系统服务供需平衡与居民福祉耦合关系会随着福祉类型、服务类型、空间尺度、时间范围、经济社会发展水平等表现出不同形式的反馈。长江中游地区各县域单元和有关部门应当结合地区自然地理条件、经济发展水平等多方面因素,因地制宜、因时制宜地推进生态环境保护与修复工程,尽可能地规避“生态诅咒”或“生态魔咒”效应,充分发挥经济社会发展过程中的“生态祝福”效应。

基于土地利用变化的长江中游地区生态系统服务供需平衡研究

[目的]揭示生态系统服务供需平衡的时空特征,并进一步探究土地利用变化对生态系统服务供需平衡的双重效应及其影响机理。[方法]选取长江中游地区作为研究对象,引入生态系统服务供需量化矩阵分析生态系统供需平衡的时空格局,并运用土地利用变化生态贡献率模型分析土地利用变化对生态系统服务供需平衡的双重影响。[结果](1)研究期间,长江中游地区生态系统服务供需平衡状况持续恶化,主要是由建设用地大规模扩张和耕地、林地大面积缩减带来的生态系统服务供给能力减少和消费需求增加造成的。(2)长江中游地区不同类型生态系统服务供给间的关系在时间尺度上由权衡转为协同,需求和供给平衡间的协同关系在时间尺度上进一步增强,但不同类型生态系统服务供给、需求和供需平衡间的权衡或协同性质及其程度在空间尺度上却存在高度异质。(3)长江中游地区土地利用变化对生态系统服务供需平衡存在改善和恶化双重效应,且恶化效应显著大于改善效应,但引起生态系统服务及其分项服务供需改善和恶化的土地利用变化类型具有时序异质性。[结论]应促进具有协同改善生态系统服务供需平衡的土地利用变化类型,提升与区域主体生态系统服务功能一致的土地利用类型,以及遏制具有协同恶化生态系统服务供需平衡的土地利用变化类型,以实现区域生态系统服务供需改善。

金沙江梯级库区生态系统服务供需耦合协调度及驱动因素

[目的]探索金沙江梯级水电工程库区生态系统服务供需关系的时空演变规律及其驱动因素,为水电工程库区生态管理提供决策支撑。[方法]基于金沙江梯级水电工程库区土地利用、人口、国内生产总值、归一化植被指数和降水量等数据,采用市场价值法、耦合协调度模型和地理加权回归模型等方法,开展库区生态系统服务供需耦合协调度及其驱动因素研究。[结果]2005—2019年期间库区生态系统服务价值增加了6.8亿元,总量达到了917亿元。生态系统服务供需严重失调和重度失调的区域,主要分布于金沙江北岸的四川省境内,勉强协调和良好协调的区域主要分布于金沙江南岸的云南省境内。植被覆盖对库区生态系统服务供需耦合度呈现正向驱动关系,人口和地形起伏度为负向驱动关系,降水量对库区北部局部地区为正向驱动关系,其余地区为负向驱动关系。[结论]库区生态系统服务供需耦合协调度呈现南高北低的空间分布特征,且受多重因素影响,未来应加强水电工程库区生态系统服务研究。