Methods of vendor managed inventory control in supply chain management

By inducing the typical inventory control problem - the bullwhip effect, this paper presents vendor managed inventory (VMI) control methods on the basis of traditional methods of inventory management methods, constructs a VMI mathematics model, and analyzes the influence of VMI on inventory cost and channel profit. Finally, a special case is studied to verify that VMI is an effective supply chain strategy that can not only increase channel profit of supplier and customer but also improve full channel coordination, thereby reducing the bullwhip effect.

Research on Procurement Cost Control Based on Supply Chain Management

In modern enterprise management,strengthening the control and management of procurement processes can effectively reduce operational costs.However,with the continuous reform and improvement of China’s market economy system,competition among supply chain enterprises has intensified.The traditional procurement management model is no longer able to meet the needs of enterprise development in the current era.As a result,procurement management based on supply chain management has emerged,offering significant improvements in the scientific management of procurement processes.It has become an important means of promoting the long-term development of enterprises.This paper primarily analyzes and studies procurement cost control based on supply chain management,providing insights for reference.

IoT-Enabled RFID in Supply Chain Management: A Comprehensive Survey and Future Directions

Radio frequency identification (RFID) has emerged as a pivotal technology in supply chain management (SCM), significantly enhancing its efficiency and effectiveness. When integrated with the internet of things (IoT) to form RFID-IoT, this technology brings transformative advancements to SCM, enabling automated sensing, pervasive computing, and ubiquitous data access across the entire supply chain, from manufacturers and distributors to retailers and consumers. This integration facilitates real-time identification and monitoring of products, enhances various processes, improves logistic tracking, and ensures better product quality management. Despite its promising benefits, the adoption of RFID-IoT in SCM faces several challenges, including technical complexities, data security concerns, and high implementation costs. However, the future potential of RFID-IoT technology remains substantial. It is anticipated that further integration with other emerging technologies, such as block chain and artificial intelligence, will lead to more comprehensive and robust SCM solutions, offering unprecedented levels of transparency, efficiency, and automation in supply chain operations.

A supply chain management in a single-vendor and a singlebuyer integrated inventory model with backorders under imperfect production system

Lead time is an essential factor in any supply chain and inventory management system.In stochastic inventory models,lead time is often viewed as a prescribed constant or a random variable that is not subject to control.In many practical situations,lead times can be controlled by paying additional investment.Using this viewpoint,notion of the crashing cost into stochastic inventory model,in which lead time can be controlled by additional investment.Many researchers have developed various analytical inventory models we have considered the piecewise linear function.So in this proposed model,we derive the mathematical model which is developed by incorporating three types of lead time crashing cost functions(i)exponential function,(ii)polynomial function and(iii)negative exponential function.An integrated inventory model is recognized to find the optimal solutions of order quantity,lead time,total cost for buyer,total cost for vendor and the total number of deliveries from the single-vendor to the single-buyer in one production run.A solution process is suggested for solving the proposed model and numerical examples to illustrate the feature of the proposed model,and examined the effect of the key parameters on the optimal solution and managerial implications are discussed.Numerical examples show that this model offers significant improvements over existing models.A computer code using the software Matlab is developed to derive the optimal solution.The main contribution of this paper is developing a mathematical model and an effective solution procedure to find the optimal solution.Finally,a graphical representation of the computational algorithm is represented by a flowchart in each model.

Inventory Management of a Plant Spare Parts Supply Chain

In spare parts industries, firms are dealing with a situation which is more and more uncertain due to the supply chain structure and variable demands. This paper presents a Bayesian approach to forecast demand and subsequently determine the appropriate parameter S of an （ S - 1 ; S） inventory system for controlling plant spare parts. We apply the Bayesian approach in an innovative way to specify the initial prior distributions of the failure rates, using the initial estimates and the failure history of similar items. According to the proposed method, a lower base stock than the one currently used is sufficient to achieve the desired service level.

A Model on Inventory and Supply Management under VMI Tactics

This paper puts emphasis on how to arrange the stock and supply to the customer rationally under the VMI tactics. Having considered the supplier＇s delivery expenses, memory expenses and loss in short supply in model, the minimum total cost goal model of supply chain has been put forward using method of storing theory to charge example test the method of solving and analyzing the conclusion to propose.

A Petri Net Pareto ISO 31000 Workflow Process Decision Making Approach for Supply Chain Risk Trigger Inventory Decisions in Government Organizations

The Petri Net Pareto method proposed in this study has the advantages of acting directly on computing results by assessment of workflow process information. Our study contributes to the literature because it has investigated an ISO 31000 workflow process approach to group decision making for reducing backorders in the supply chain, from an integrated perspective utilizing Pareto charts and Petri nets. The contribution to the literature is also enhanced by the L-Project illustrative example that presents an evaluation hierarchy of supply chain risk. The proposed method is appropriate for use in situations in which assessment information may be qualitative or precise quantitative information is either unavailable or too costly to compute.

Shaping the Next Generation Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Control Tower with Autonomous Intelligence

This paper summarizes the findings of an industry panel study evaluating how new Autonomous Intelligence technologies,such as artificial intelligence and machine learning,impact the system and operational architecture of supply chain control tower (CT) implementations that serve the pharmaceutical industry.Such technologies can shift CTs to a model in which real-time information gathering,analysis,and decision making are possible.This can be achieved by leveraging these technologies to better manage decision complexity and execute decisions at levels that cannot otherwise be managed easily by humans.Some of the key points identified are in the areas of the fundamental capabilities that need to be supported and the improved level of decision visibility that they provide.We also consider some the challenges in achieving this,which include data quality and integrity,collaboration and data sharing across supply chain tiers,cross-system interoperability,decision-validation and organizational impacts,among others.

PRODUCTION INVENTORY SYSTEM WITH RANDOM SUPPLY INTERRUPTIONS STATUE AND RANDOM LEAD TIMES

This article analyzes a continuous-review inventory system with random supply interruptions and random lead time which may be interrupted by a random number of supplier’s OFF periods. The inventory with constant demand rate is managed by a （r; q1, q2, · · · , qm） policy and supplies from an unreliable sole supplier. By renewal theory and matrix Geometric method, the long-run average cost function is obtained and some important properties of the function are proved. Furthermore, performance of the inventory is derived.

Quantity Discount Scheme in Supply Chain under Asymmetric Information

Quantity discount scheme plays an important role in supply chain management. The different quantity discount schemes under symmetric （full） information and asymmetric information, are analyzed by using principal-agent and optimal control theory. As a result, the research reveals that the optimal quantity discount solution under symmetric information is a special case of that under asymmetric information. At the same price, the critical value of quantity discount under asymmetric information is much lower than that under asymmetric information. Therefore, this leads to less cost for retailers and smaller profit for their supplier.

Investigating Supply Chain Integration Effects on Environmental Performance in the Jordanian Food Industry

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of supply chain integration on environmental performance of food manufacturing companies in Jordan. Data for this study were collected from one hundred and nineteen food companies. To answer the study questions, and to verify its hypotheses, descriptive statistical tools and linear regression tests were used. The study results indicated that supply chain integration positively affected environmental performance. Additionally, the results showed that supply chain integration positively affected environmental control and pollution management.

基于BOM-Supply Hub的供应链设计模型

为探讨供应链上游环节结构变化对供应链设计的影响,根据物料清单特点,及它与供应商多层属性的相关关系,从物料清单各链节间嵌入供应中心的变化,建立起没有供应中心、单级供应中心和两级供应中心的供应链设计模型。为计算这三类混合整数规划模型,采用遗传算法进行求解。通过算例比较发现,在同一周期下,基于供应中心供应链设计,比没有供应中心供应链设计的总费用低而且库存量少。同时,基于供应中心供应链设计比没有供应中心供应链设计能抑制牛鞭效应,特别是基于两级供应中心供应链设计对抑制库存放大的效果更明显。

Vendor managed inventory and bullwhip effect

This paper studies that the bullwhip effect of order releases and the amplifications of safety stock arise within the supply chain even when the demand model is ARIMA(0, 1, 1) and the forecast method used is a simple exponentially weighted moving average. It also examines a vendor managed inventory (VMI) program to determine how it can help alleviate such negative effects, and gives the theoretical proofs and numerical illustrations. The results show that the effects with VMI are better than the effect without VMI in demand forecasting and safety stock levels, etc.

Comparative research on three-echelon and two-echelon medicine inventory model with positive lead-time

According to the principle of minimizing total cost, the three-echelon optimized medical inventory model with stochastic lead-time and two-echelon optimized medicine inventory model with fixed lead-time are established. The relationship between lead-time and inventory cost is studied by Matlab software. It shows that the variety of lead-time has an important effect on medicine inventory systems. Numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis of two models are presented by Lingo software. Based on analysis, it is concluded that the two-echelon model with lead-time results in inventory cost savings, and keeps the quality of care as reflected in service levels when compared with the three-echelon network structure.

基于Supply-Hub的智能制造企业库存管理

以产业集群为背景,在传统供应链体系中加入Supply-hub作为核心制造商的主要供货点,以信息共享平台为辅助,搭建了供应链结构模型,并对此结构下的主要运作模式进行了分析,总结了供应链中的横向、纵向、双向协同的模式。以此供应链体系为对象,建立了包括供应商库存成本、集配中心库存成本、制造商库存成本、制造商缺货成本、制造商协同补货成本和制造商协同收益等六个方面的成本模型,以测算供应链体系的整体成本情况。

Optimization purchase price and the profit policy undervendor managed inventory

The optimization policy of the purchase price and the profit under vendor managed inventory(VMI) is studied. For a salable product, supply chain mode of VMI is established, which is based on deterministic demand, having initial stock and having stock-out cost. With the further analysis of the mode, VMI is found to increase profits of the buyer in the short-term motivation. But VMI will reduce profits of the supplier under the matching condition. And in the short-term motivation, VMI will increase the purchase price to compensate the transfer cost of the supplier. As a result, the foundation of theory is provided to implement VMI in the supply chain, and have some definituded project significance.

Distribution Inventory Cost Optimization Under Grey and Fuzzy Uncertainty

The grey fuzzy variable was defined for the two fold uncertain parameters combining grey and fuzziness factors. On the basis of the credibility and chance measure of grey fuzzy variables, the distribution center inventory uncertain programming model was presented. The grey fuzzy simulation technology can generate input-output data for the uncertain functions. The neural network trained from the inputoutput data can approximate the uncertain functions. The designed hybrid intelligent algorithm by embedding the trained neural network into genetic algorithm can optimize the general grey fuzzy programming problems. Finally, one numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the model and the hybrid intelligent algorithm.

Causes of Restocking Delays in Absence of Real Time Inventory Tracking of Airtel Airtime

The purpose of this research was to ascertain causes of Restocking Delays in a Distributor Company of Airtel Airtime (AA) that give justification for benefits of using Real Time Inventory Tracking (R.T.I.T) in an attempt to mitigate Restocking Delays. From a study out at the Private Marketing and Trading Services (PMTS) an Authorized Distributor of Airtel Products undertaken in 2017 evidenced by Airtime scratch card and Electronic, E-Recharge Airtime among other forms to encourage R.T.I.T among other products in Telecom Companies and other Business Enterprises. The research comprises of the following areas among which included a detailed focus on a Qualitative and Quantitative approach in obtaining different categories of Restocking Delays in form of Themes and Sub Themes encountered in the Distribution Supply Chain (SC) of AA that is contained in this paper. This research continues to capture an in-depth explanation of the Managerial and Operational causes of restocking delays in respect to AA. Similarly, fast consumer products and services other than AA require a solution to Restocking Delays through implementation of Real Time Inventory Tracking Model (R.T.I.T.M) of AA among Distributor Companies (DCs). This paper also elaborated on Literature, Methodology and Findings obtained from the study. The results were obtained from regression analysis by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) that showed a higher significance of Stock Turnover Period and Airtime Denomination as a contributor to Restocking Delays whereas Messages from Airtel Head office to the Distributor had a non-significant contribution to restocking Delays as in Figure 9. The research recommends a Model for R.T.I.T in Telecom Distribution SC of AA and Omnichannel Inventory Management (OIM) as a significant contributor to timely reliable inventory restocking and promotes higher sales among DCs and retailers through minimized Restocking Delays. It shows that the forces of Demand and Supply change over time with different tastes and preferences of customers. The imbalance in AA stock levels changes at given times due to unforeseen forces of consumer demand experienced by DCs, explained by the “Bullwhip Effect” due to information distortion in the Supply Chain (SC).

Proposal for a Project of Integration of IT Tools With Focus on Planning and Control of Operations on the Shop Floor

Manufacturing system, with high level of complexity and with a mix of semi-repetitive and repetitive products, to become productive, should seek the standardization of products and processes to obtain the optimization of use of production resources. However, it is necessary to measure the productivity, so that the system of measurement and control of manufacturing processes are an element critical as to ensure greater visibility of the flow＇s restrictions, minimized when detected properly. In this case, the automation of factory＇s measurement process can effectively contribute to ensuring the effectiveness of the function control of a manufacturing system. It is important to consider that the automation of the system of measurement and control of manufacturing processes, of complex environment, is heavily dependent of IT tools applied directly in the interface computational between the operation systems and the corporate systems. This heavy reliance, if exploited technically properly, allows that automation of the system of measurement and control of production makes the access to time real of availability of manufacturing process＇s data, such as processing time and setup time that it can export to a specialist software in programming production, for example, feasible. In this paper, the automation of the system of measurement and control of production is approached, in order to identify the main possibilities of the design of an information system capable to integrate the flow of information in an environment internal on manufacturing organizations, with emphasis in the digital manufacturing paradigm.

基于零库存目标的体外诊断试剂供应链质量评价与改进研究

目的:制定体外诊断试剂供应链的零库存管理目标,评价供应链质量,改进试剂供应中存在的问题。方法:从体外诊断试剂的库存量、供应效率和产品质量方面分析体外诊断试剂管理中存在的问题,制定医院运营、管理质量和患者利益最优化的管理体系,构建零库存管理路径和质量评价模型。选取2020年1月至2023年3月江苏省苏北人民医院采购的21种类型85个型号的体外诊断试剂,根据供应链质量管理方式不同,分别采用按需库存管理模式(模式1)和零库存管理模式(模式2),对比两种管理模式的需求采购、库存管理和临床使用效果。结果:采用模式2管理方式的体外诊断试剂的采购需求达标率、供应能力优质率和临床使用匹配度分别为(93.35±3.62)%、(94.87±2.63)%和(96.08±2.31)%,均高于模式1,其差异有统计学意义(Z=2.489、2.836、2.838,P<0.05),存产品长期积压、环境不达标和信息不及时的例数分别为(2.92±2.54)例、(2.83±1.59)例和(5.58±3.12)例,均低于模式1,其差异有统计学意义(Z=2.959、3.037、3.703,P<0.05);临床科室、医技科室及采购中心对模式2的体外诊断试剂的供应配送和信息沟通的满意度分别为97.8%和93.3%、97.0%和87.9%、100%和84.6%,均高于模式1,其差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(临床科室)=5.428、6.133,χ^(2)_(医技科室)=3.958、3.937,χ^(2)_(采购中心)=5.159、4.996,P<0.05)。结论:零库存管理模式能够提高体外诊断试剂需求采购的规范性,降低库存管理中积压失效问题的发生率,提升临床供应服务质量。