Support design method for deep soft-rock tunnels in non-hydrostatic high in-situ stress field

Due to the long-term plate tectonic movements in southwestern China,the in-situ stress field in deep formations is complex.When passing through deep soft-rock mass under non-hydrostatic high in-situ stress field,tunnels will suffer serious asymmetric deformation.There is no available support design method for tunnels under such a situation in existing studies to clarify the support time and support stiffness.This study first analyzed the mechanical behavior of tunnels in non-hydrostatic in-situ stress field and derived the theoretical equations of the ground squeezing curve(GSC)and ground loosening curve(GLC).Then,based on the convergence confinement theory,the support design method of deep soft-rock tunnels under non-hydrostatic high in-situ stress field was established considering both squeezing and loosening pressures.In addition,this method can provide the clear support time and support stiffness of the second layer of initial support.The proposed design method was applied to the Wanhe tunnel of the China-Laos railway in China.Monitoring data indicated that the optimal support scheme had a good effect on controlling the tunnel deformation in non-hydrostatic high in-situ stress field.Field applications showed that the secondary lining could be constructed properly.

Fuzzy based decision support method for selection of sustainable wastewater treatment technologies

Inadequate decision support tools have led to selection of inappropriate wastewater treatment technologies.The objectives of this research were to investigate performance data for wastewater treatment technologies,develop a Decision Support Method(DSM)for evaluating performance of technologies,and to validate the developed method.The method was developed through evaluation of performance of wastewater treatment technologies against environmental and economic indicators.Fuzzy logic techniques in form of linguistic variables were applied in order to support decision making under uncertainty.The DSM relied on performance evaluation in order to rate effectiveness of wastewater treatment technologies.DSM was validated through a training tool in ED-WAVE,a model developed by a consortium of European and Asian countries.The reliance of the DSM on performance evaluation was an improvement on the existing decision support tools such as ED-WAVE that relied on retrieval of past performance data.As DSM integrated environmental and economic factors in evaluating wastewater treatment technologies,it was thus able to select a process that was not only environmentally sustainable but also economically affordable.

Analysis of the Improvement Methods for Equipment Maintenance Support

According to military requirement, and based on the problems of equipmentmaintenance support methods in high-tech battles, each element supporting equipment maintenance isanalyzed, and the methods for improving equipment maintenance are proposed.

Light-Weighted Decision Support Framework for Selecting Cloud Service Providers

Multi-criteria decision making(MCDM)is a technique used to achieve better outcomes for some complex business-related problems,whereby the selection of the best alternative can be made in as many cases as possible.This paper proposes a model,the multi-criteria decision support method,that allows both service providers and consumers to maximize their profits while preserving the best matching process for resource allocation and task scheduling.The increasing number of service providers with different service provision capabilities creates an issue for consumers seeking to select the best service provider.Each consumer seeks a service provider based on various preferences,such as price,service quality,and time to complete the tasks.In the literature,the problem is viewed from different perspectives,such as investigating how to enhance task scheduling and the resource allocation process,improve consumers’trust,and deal with network problems.This paper offers a novel model that considers the preferences of both service providers and consumers to find the best available service provider for each consumer.First,the model adopts the best-worst method(BWM)to gather and prioritize tasks based on consumers’and service providers’preferences.Then,the model calculates and matches similarities between the sets of tasks from the consumer’s side with the sets of tasks from the provider’s side to select the best service provider for each consumer using the two proposed algorithms.The complexity of the two algorithms is found to be O(n3).

Casing life prediction using Borda and support vector machine methods

Eight casing failure modes and 32 risk factors in oil and gas wells are given in this paper. According to the quantitative analysis of the influence degree and occurrence probability of risk factors, the Borda counts for failure modes are obtained with the Borda method. The risk indexes of failure modes are derived from the Borda matrix. Based on the support vector machine （SVM）, a casing life prediction model is established. In the prediction model, eight risk indexes are defined as input vectors and casing life is defined as the output vector. The ideal model parameters are determined with the training set from 19 wells with casing failure. The casing life prediction software is developed with the SVM model as a predictor. The residual life of 60 wells with casing failure is predicted with the software, and then compared with the actual casing life. The comparison results show that the casing life prediction software with the SVM model has high accuracy.

Computer System Reliability Allocation Method and Supporting Tool

This paper presents a computer system reliability allocation method that is based on the theory of statistic and Markovian chain,which can be used to allocate reliability to subsystem, to hybrid system and software modules. A relevant supporting tool built by us is introduced.

Novel Design Method of COG Measurement System Via Supporting Reaction Method

Center of gravity(COG)is an important parameter of projectiles and rockets,for which supporting reaction method(or support reaction method)is an important COG measurement method.Based on this supporting reaction method a novel design method is proposed to determine the key design parameters of the COG measurement system.The method can quantitatively analyze the influence of the design parameters on the COG accuracy,in the measurement system designed with supporting reaction method.Using the principle of static balance,the error propagation theory,and the system accuracy analysis method,the equal-range required sensor precision(RSP)surface and non-equal-range required sensor pair precision(RSPP)adapted surface are adopted.The influence of random errors(like sensor accuracy and distance calibration accuracy)is analyzed.The selection strategy of equal-range and non-equal-range sensors is chosen,and then the recommended calibration accuracy values are obtained.For the quality detection accuracy of±0.6 kg and the axial COG detection accuracy of±1.5 mm,the RSP surface is drawn by the proposed method,and the force sensor with±0.23 kg detection accuracy is selected.The experimental verification meets the accuracy requirements and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed design method for the system parameters of the COG measurement equipment.

Vibration reliability analysis for aeroengine compressor blade based on support vector machine response surface method

To ameliorate reliability analysis efficiency for aeroengine components, such as compressor blade, support vector machine response surface method(SRSM) is proposed. SRSM integrates the advantages of support vector machine(SVM) and traditional response surface method(RSM), and utilizes experimental samples to construct a suitable response surface function(RSF) to replace the complicated and abstract finite element model. Moreover, the randomness of material parameters, structural dimension and operating condition are considered during extracting data so that the response surface function is more agreeable to the practical model. The results indicate that based on the same experimental data, SRSM has come closer than RSM reliability to approximating Monte Carlo method(MCM); while SRSM(17.296 s) needs far less running time than MCM(10958 s) and RSM(9840 s). Therefore,under the same simulation conditions, SRSM has the largest analysis efficiency, and can be considered a feasible and valid method to analyze structural reliability.

REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN METHOD FOR MATCHING AIRCRAFT GUNS WITH THEIR SUPPORTING STRUCTURE

In aircraft structural dynamic design the matching of guns with their supporting structure is one of the most important tasks on which hinges the success or failure of the structural design. The design curves for matching guns with their supporting structure can be obtained from response calculations of the plate-spring system supporting the gun on the ground,the model structure tested on the ground and the actual structure.A set of matching curves is given for engineering application.Then,the matching design can be accomplished by means of impact load spectrograms so as to perform an optimal structural design and to make further improvements on dynamic design program.

Elaboration of an Easy Aqueous Sol-Gel Method for the Synthesis of Micro- and Mesoporous <i>γ</i>-Al₂O₃Supports

An aqueous sol-gel method for the synthesis of γ-Al2O3 supports has been developed for the use in tar reforming applications. It was determined the influences of two different aluminum precursors (aluminum sec-butoxide (Al[OCH(CH3)CH2CH3]3) and aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3)) on the textural and crystallographic properties of Al2O3 supports. Only the formation of γ-Al2O3 is aimed in order to use these alumina materials as catalytic supports, because it presents high specific surface area and pore volume values. Additionally, the synthesis of γ-Al2O3 was realized with the use of a functionalized silicon precursor, [3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl]trimethoxysilane, called EDAS. By the presence of an ethylenediamine group in this molecule, it is possible to chelate metallic ions and to highly increase their dispersion at a molecular level during the synthesis of metallic catalysts supported on alumina, which is an asset for catalytic applications. So it was developed a synthesis sol-gel procedure for the cogelation between the functionalized silicon alkoxide EDAS and alumina precursor. The alumina supports synthesized with Al(NO3)3 as precursor presented higher porous values than the ones obtained with aluminium sec-butoxide precursor. Since nitrate salts are much easier to handle than alkoxides, these observations allowed validating Al(NO3)3 as aluminum source for the future synthesis procedures for metallic catalysts supported on alumina.

深基坑支护理念演进和设计方法改进剖析

基于我国30多年建设实践,分析现有深基坑支护临时性理念、与主体结构相结合理念实施的优点和不足,提出促进基坑支护工程高质量发展的永久化理念。结合济南某基坑工程,阐释三个理念的逐次提升和相应支护结构的计算内容,定义适应与主体结构相结合理念、永久化理念的结构岩土化、岩土结构化设计方法;重点分析土钉墙与抗浮锚杆相结合的复合土钉墙的设计,以及抗浮锚杆与外伸支撑、水平楼板永久支护结构中抗浮锚杆的力学性状与耐久性,分析了永久支护对于地下室外墙受力机制的影响,阐释深基坑支护理念演化方向和与之适应的设计改进内容。对于反思我国岩土与结构设计管理体制,促进基坑与基础设计理论和方法进步,推动“新发展理念”在基坑工程的实践具有导向价值。

基于硝化棉助燃的含能粘合剂爆热特征值测试研究

为了表征含能粘合剂的能量特性,开展了含能粘合剂的燃烧热、生成焓与爆热特征值的测试研究并评估了将其作为含能粘合剂能量特性量化指标的合理性,探索了利用硝化棉(NC)助燃来测试含能粘合剂爆热特征值的方法。结果表明:当含能粘合剂/NC质量比达到1∶5时,绝大多数含能粘合剂可以充分燃烧;以硝化棉为助燃物可准确测取含能粘合剂的爆热特征值,所测聚硝酸酯基缩水甘油醚(PGN)与聚乙烯醇硝酸酯(PVN)的爆热特征值分别为3164、4713 kJ·kg^(-1),与文献值的相对误差均小于5%;燃烧热不能准确反映含能粘合剂的能量优势,采用爆热特征值可较好地表征含能粘合剂的能量特性,避免了生成焓正负之分导致估值体系自我矛盾的缺点;在隔绝氧气的条件下,含能粘合剂能量贡献值从小到大依次为GETPE<FATPE<GAP<PBAMO<NC(12%)<PGN <PVN。

顶棒支撑法复位髓内钉固定治疗难复性股骨转子间骨折的临床效果

目的分析顶棒支撑法复位髓内钉固定治疗难复性股骨转子间骨折的临床效果。方法于2020年8月至2022年8月在南阳市中心医院收集病例展开研究,将严格按照纳排标准筛选的106例难复性股骨转子间骨折患者作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,各53例。对照组接受切开或有限切开复位结合髓内钉固定治疗,研究组接受顶棒支撑法复位髓内钉固定。统计对比两组患者围手术期情况、骨折复位质量、术后恢复情况;对比两组患者术前、术后6个月髋关节功能评分;对比两组并发症发生率。结果研究组手术时间、骨折复位时间较对照组短,手术出血量较对照组少(P<0.05)。研究组骨折复位质量优于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组骨折愈合、开始负重和住院时间较对照组短(P<0.05)。术后6个月,两组髋关节功能评分均较术前提高,研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组并发症发生率[5.66%(3/53)]较对照组[18.87%(10/53)]低(P<0.05)。结论采用顶棒支撑法复位髓内钉固定治疗难复性股骨转子间骨折可减轻对机体的创伤,降低并发症发生率,提高复位效果,促进骨折愈合和髋关节功能恢复。

基于广域信息处理的配电网故障隔离技术研究

针对分布式电源并入配电网后,传统算法进行故障检测时存在定位准确度偏低、反应速度较慢的问题,文中基于广域信息处理技术提出了一种配电网故障隔离方法。该方法采用模态分解算法将故障复杂信号分解为多种类基础小信号,使用支持向量机对这些小信号进行数据分类。但由于传统支持向量机的收敛速度较慢,因此通过引入粒子群算法对其参数加以优化,从而提升模型的运算速度。实验结果表明,在加入分布式电源的电网中,所提算法的故障定位准确率为96.7%,平均运行时间则为43.9 s,且这两项参数在对比算法中均为最优。由此证明,该算法可应用于实际工程中,为配电网故障隔离提供技术支撑。

深部软岩巷道围岩与锚喷U型钢支护结构相互作用研究

收敛-约束法(特性曲线法)是将理论解析、现场实测、工程经验相结合的一种地下工程结构设计方法,是目前分析围岩-支护相互作用关系及开展支护优化设计的常用方法。基于收敛-约束法的基本原理,总结给出了经典的支护特征与支护结构变形方程,理论计算获得了喷射混凝土、锚杆(索)、U型钢支架等支护结构的支护特征曲线,分析了支护结构的几何尺寸(直径、长度)、间排距、材料强度等参数对支护压力的影响特征;随着喷射混凝土厚度及强度等级的增加,喷射混凝土提供的支护刚度和支护压力逐渐增大;随着锚杆(索)直径、长度、杆体材料强度的增加及间排距的减小,锚杆的支护压力显著增加;U型钢支架的排距越小及材料强度越大,其提供的支护压力越大。采用FLAC^(3D)内嵌的莫尔库伦应变软化本构模型,建立了考虑岩石峰后应变软化与扩容特性的深部软岩巷道数值分析模型,计算获得了不同应力状态下巷道纵剖面变形曲线、围岩特征曲线,分析了锚喷、锚杆(索)喷、锚喷U型钢等3种联合支护技术对深部巷道围岩大变形控制的适用性,验证了锚喷U型钢联合支护技术应用于深部巷道支护工程的可行性。考虑岩石峰后应变软化与扩容特性的应变软化本构模型和经典的莫尔库伦本构模型的数值模拟结果相差较大,采用莫尔库伦本构模型的数值模拟结果保守,支护结构提供的支护压力无法满足深部巷道稳定性控制要求,支护后巷道围岩变形较大甚至会发生冒顶、片帮等安全事故。

数据驱动儿童专科医院大型医疗设备运行评价体系建设

目的探索通过数据采集及分析评价儿童专科医院大型医疗设备运行水平的方法,提出大型医疗设备使用及配置建议。方法通过物联网终端采集设备运行数据,结合医院HIS、RIS、HRP等系统数据,建立儿童专科医院大型医疗设备评价指标体系,运用CRITIC法对单类、单台设备数据进行量化评价。结果医院大数据平台实现了对单台大型设备运行数据纵向分析并形成可视化图表,通过PC端及移动端展示。申康市级平台数据分析,实现对儿童专科医院大型设备运行水平的综合量化评价及使用配置建议。结论通过数据采集及分析,实现儿童专科医院大型设备运行评价体系建设,提升大型设备管理水平。

深部破碎软岩巷道超前控顶加固及控制爆破技术

随着矿山开采深度逐渐增加,深部破碎围岩工程地质条件转为复杂多变,极大程度上影响巷道等工程施工过程及后续使用安全;为确保深部破碎软岩巷道施工过程中安全及质量,提出了软岩巷道超前控顶加固及控制爆破技术。针对钟九铁矿-550 m水平6号交岔点岩体裂隙极为发育、稳定性差等特点,拟采用超前控顶措施加固顶板围岩,提高深部破碎软岩巷道的承载力。为便于6号交岔点掘进施工,沿6号交岔点东北侧方向划分17个掘进区,并采用“四步”台阶法分段施工。针对同段起爆数码电子雷管,起爆器系统可随机设置单发雷管起爆间隔时间为3~5 ms,实现同段炮孔单孔单响,降低爆破振动对6号交岔点影响。根据不同掘进区总体岩性情况,优化支护方式(管棚支护、W型钢带及锚索支护等联合支护方式等),确保6号交岔点后续使用期安全。试验结果表明:采用超前控顶加固、控制分区爆破技术,降低破碎软岩巷道顶板偏帮、下沉,保证6号交岔点断面成型效果,削减其支护、后期维护等综合成本达8.7%,该技术可为类似巷道施工提供一定指导建议。

新生儿科护士早产儿体位支持行为评估量表的编制及信效度检验

目的:编制新生儿科护士早产儿体位支持行为评估量表并验证其信效度。方法:以健康行为改变的多理论模型为指导,通过文献回顾形成新生儿科护士早产儿体位支持行为评估量表初稿,通过专家小组讨论对量表初稿条目进行修订,通过专家函询、预调查形成新生儿科护士早产儿体位支持行为评估量表。采用便利抽样法对203名新生儿重症监护室(NICU)和新生儿科病房临床护士进行测评,检验量表信效度。结果:新生儿科护士早产儿体位支持行为评估量表包括4个维度(体位支持的意义、体位支持的自我努力与社会支持、体位支持的物理环境支持、体位支持的信心),共25个条目。探索性因子分析显示,4个维度的累计方差贡献率为87.143%。量表水平的内容效度指数为0.941。量表总体的Cronbach′s α系数为0.972,折半信度为0.765,重测信度为0.862。结论:新生儿科护士早产儿体位支持行为评估量表具有良好的信效度,可用于护士的早产儿支持行为评估。

Krylov Iterative Methods for Support Vector Machines to Classify Galaxy Morphologies

Large catalogues of classified galaxy images have been useful in many studies of the universe in astronomy. There are too many objects to classify manually in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, one of the premier data sources in astronomy. Therefore, efficient machine learning and classification algorithms are required to automate the classifying process. We propose to apply the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to classify galaxy morphologies and Krylov iterative methods to improve runtime of the classification. The accuracy of the classification is measured on various categories of galaxies from the survey. A three-class algorithm is presented that makes use of multiple SVMs. This algorithm is used to assign the categories of spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies. A selection of Krylov iterative solvers are compared based on their efficiency and accuracy of the resulting classification. The experimental results demonstrate that runtime can be significantly improved by utilizing Krylov iterative methods without impacting classification accuracy. The generalized minimal residual method (GMRES) is shown to be the most efficient solver to classify galaxy morphologies.

考虑湿度应力的深部软岩隧道大变形控制研究

为探明深部高地应力软岩隧道大变形产生机理,制定适应大变形控制措施,以月直山隧道为工程依托,首先明确求解围岩形变压力与松动压力的Kastner与Caquot公式,基于岩体弹塑性力学与连续介质理论建立围岩湿度应力解析解,采用收敛-约束法绘制出3种围岩应力作用下围岩与初期支护特征曲线,分析断面变形过程中围岩与支护结构相互作用规律及3种应力占比演化规律。分别以混凝土与型钢钢架作为二衬支护结构对月直山隧道围岩稳定性进行计算分析,明确考虑湿度应力与松动压力条件下隧道二衬最优支护时机与支护参数,以支护结构安全系数FS评判出最优支护方案并对隧道软岩大变形进行治理。结果表明:当围岩径向位移达到550 mm时,仅考虑形变压力Pi时围岩对支护结构的压力P仅为0.813 MPa,考虑湿度应力Pw与松动压力Pa时P增大为1.372 MPa,湿度应力与松动应力总占比达40.7%,仅考虑形变压力而设计的支护结构不满足围岩稳定性要求;根据“卸压支护”理念,确定以“位移释放峰值upeak=0.325 m”与“间距d=0.7 m”作为增设第二层钢架的最佳支护时机与支护参数,现场二次钢架设置24天后使围岩变形收敛于50.8 mm,围岩大变形得到控制,研究成果可为今后相关隧道工程设计与施工提供参考。