Hybrid URANS/LES Method of Flow Fields in Axial-flow Compressor Rotor Rotor

Accurate and efficient prediction of the aerodynamic performance and flow details of axial-flow com-pressors is of great engineering application value for the aerodynamic design and flow control of axial-flow compres-sors.In this work,a delayed detached eddy simulation method is developed and applied to numerically simulate the tur-bulent channel flow and the aerodynamic performance of NASA Rotor 35.Several acceleration techniques including parallel implementation are also used to speed up the iteration convergence.The mean velocity distribution and Reyn-olds stress distribution in the boundary layer of turbulent channel flow and the aerodynamic performance curve of NASA Rotor 35 are predicted.The good agreement between the present delayed detached eddy simulation results and the available direct numerical simulation results or experimental data confirms the effectiveness of the developed meth-od in the accurate and efficient prediction of complex flow in turbomachinery.

Dynamics Modeling and Numerical Analysis of Rotor with Elastic Support/Dry Friction Dampers

The elastic support/dry friction damper is a type of damper which is used for active vibration control in a rotor system.To establish the analytical model of this type of damper,a two-dimensional friction model-ball/plate model was proposed.By using this ball/plate model,a dynamics model of rotor with elastic support/dry friction dampers was established and experimentally verified.Moreover,the damping performance of the elastic support/dry friction damper was studied numerically with respect to some variable parameters.The numerical study shows that the damping performance of the elastic support/dry friction damper is closely related to the stiffness distribution of the rotor-support system,the damper location,the pressing force between the moving and stationary disk,the friction coefficient,the tangential contact stiffness of the contact interface,and the stiffness of the stationary disk.In general,the damper should be located on an elastic support which has a large vibration amplitude in order to achieve a better damping performance,and the more vibration energy in this elastic support concentrates,the better performance of the damper will be.The larger the tangential contact stiffness of the contact interface,and the stiffness of the stationary disk are,the better performance of the damper will be.There will be an optimal value of the friction force at which the damper performs best.

CALCULATION OF ELASTIC DAMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF ROTOR SUPPORT MADE OF METAL RUBBER MATERIAL UNDER VARIABLE LOADS

A metal rubber（MR） dry friction damper was designed based on the load supported by the rotor. An experimental apparatus for obtaining hysteresis loops of support under the precession load was designed. The elastic-damping characteristics of the ring-shaped MR damper used as a rotor support under variable loads were presented by studying the hysteresis loops of the damper. The vibration rigidity and the energy dissipation coefficient were calculated from the hysteresis loops, based on the description of the deformation process of the MR element with simple structure in a dimensionless coordinating system. The calculation results showed that the energy dissipation coefficient in the inner of MR element and on the boundary between the damper and the frame of the rotor support were approximately equal. The comparison of the hysteresis loops for a precession load and a one-axial load indicated a large difference when the coefficient of the energy dissipation and the stiffness of the MR damper were concerned.

A novel transient rotor current control scheme of a doubly-fed induction generator equipped with superconducting magnetic energy storage for voltage and frequency support

A novel transient rotor current control scheme is proposed in this paper for a doubly-fed induction generator（DFIG）equipped with a superconducting magnetic energy storage（SMES） device to enhance its transient voltage and frequency support capacity during grid faults. The SMES connected to the DC-link capacitor of the DFIG is controlled to regulate the transient dc-link voltage so that the whole capacity of the grid side converter（GSC） is dedicated to injecting reactive power to the grid for the transient voltage support. However, the rotor-side converter（RSC） has different control tasks for different periods of the grid fault. Firstly, for Period I, the RSC injects the demagnetizing current to ensure the controllability of the rotor voltage. Then, since the dc stator flux degenerates rapidly in Period II, the required demagnetizing current is low in Period II and the RSC uses the spare capacity to additionally generate the reactive（priority） and active current so that the transient voltage capability is corroborated and the DFIG also positively responds to the system frequency dynamic at the earliest time. Finally, a small amount of demagnetizing current is provided after the fault clearance. Most of the RSC capacity is used to inject the active current to further support the frequency recovery of the system. Simulations are carried out on a simple power system with a wind farm. Comparisons with other commonly used control methods are performed to validate the proposed control method.

Optimization Method of Bearing Support Positions in a High-Speed Flexible Rotor System

Bearing support position is one of main factors affecting vibration characteristics of rotor systems. To optimize the bearing support positions in a high-speed flexible rotor system (HSFRS) based on the vibration characteristics, an optimization method of bearing support positions in the HSFRS is proposed. In this method, a finite element (FE) model of a high-speed flexible rotor (HSFR) was established. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the HSFRS were used to obtain the initial design scheme of the bearing support positions. A frequency characteristic equation of the HSFRS was established to obtain the critical speeds of the HSFRS. And a dynamic model of the HSFRS was established to analyze the vibration characteristics for different bearing support position cases. The problem of optimizing bearing support positions in the HSFRS was solved by the developed method. The results showed that vibration amplitudes of the HSFRS were more stable when the bearing support positions were optimized. This study can provide a new method for optimizing bearing support positions of rotor systems.

Bifurcation on synchronous full annular rub of rigid-rotor elastic-support system

An aero-engine rotor system is simplified as an unsymmetrical-rigid-rotor with nonlinear-elastic-support based on its characteristics. Governing equations of the rubbing system, obtained from the Lagrange equation, are solved by the averaging method to find the bifurcation equations. Then, according to the two-dimensional constraint bi- furcation theory, transition sets and bifurcation diagrams of the system with and without rubbing are given to study the influence of system eccentricity and damping on the bi- furcation behaviors, respectively. Finally, according to the Lyapunov stability theory, the stability region of the steady-state rubbing solution, the boundary of static bifurcation, and the Hopf bifurcation are determined to discuss the influence of system parameters on the evolution of system motion. The results may provide some references for the designer in aero rotor systems.

Inverse Model Control for a Quad-rotor Aircraft Using TS-fuzzy Support Vector Regression

An inverse model control based on TS-fuzzy support vector regression( TS-fuzzy SVR) for a quadrotor aircraft is developed. The TS-kernel is the product of linear combination of input and a cluster of output corresponding to a cluster of TS-type fuzzy rules. The output of TS-fuzzy SVR is a linear weighted sum of the TSkernels. The dynamical model of the quad-rotor aircraft is derived. A new control scheme combined with TSfuzzy SVR inverse model control and PID control is presented so that the TS-fuzzy SVR inverse model control enhances capabilities of disturbance rejection and the robustness while the PID control enhances fast responsiveness and reliability of the system. Simulation results show the capabilities of the developed control for the attitude system of quad-rotor aircraft.

采用改进遗传算法优化LS-SVM逆系统的外转子无铁心无轴承永磁同步发电机解耦控制

为了实现外转子无铁心无轴承永磁同步发电机(outer rotor coreless bearingless permanent magnet synchronous generator,ORC-BPMSG)的精确控制,提出一种基于改进遗传算法(improved genetic algorithm,IGA)优化最小二乘支持向量机(least square support vector machine,LS-SVM)逆系统的解耦控制策略。首先,基于ORC-BPMSG的结构及工作原理,推导其数学模型,并分析其可逆性。其次,建立LS-SVM回归方程,并采用IGA优化LS-SVM的性能参数,从而训练得到逆系统。然后,将逆系统与原系统串接,形成伪线性系统,实现了ORC-BPMSG的线性化和解耦。最后,将提出的控制方法与传统LS-SVM逆系统控制方法进行对比仿真和实验。仿真和实验结果表明:所提出的控制策略可以较好地实现ORC-BPMSG输出电压和悬浮力、以及悬浮力之间的解耦控制。

顶置磁力搅拌器磁悬浮支承结构设计与仿真分析

针对顶置磁力搅拌器陶瓷轴承内部结构复杂,存在接触摩擦和润滑,且不利于在位清洗和在位灭菌的问题,对磁力搅拌器的载荷组成及搅拌轴支承布局进行分析,采用磁悬浮支承技术,增大主动磁轴承转子的轴向长度,确保转子在产生轴向位移时能被稳定支承;不考虑被动磁轴承与磁力联轴器因不对中产生的径向力,建立搅拌器转子的四自由度支承刚性转子模型,研究不同外部载荷对搅拌器转子的动态响应和线圈控制电流的影响,结果表明:外部载荷越大,外部载荷在长悬臂结构上的力矩作用效果越明显,主动磁轴承需提供的电磁力越大,对磁轴承功率放大器的要求越高。

基于桨距角控制的永磁风电机组高电压穿越控制策略

为解决传统永磁风电机组高电压穿越控制策略存在超速脱网风险问题,提出一种基于桨距角控制的高电压穿越控制策略。高电压穿越期间,首先,按照并网要求向电网提供无功支撑;其次,考虑转子转速限制,当转子转速达到参考值时启动桨距角控制,抑制转子转速上升;最后,通过仿真试验,验证了所提控制策略的有效性。基于桨距角控制的永磁风电机组高电压穿越控制策略,既能向电网提供无功支撑,又能避免超速脱网。

黏温黏压下径向柱塞泵滑靴副温度分布与泄漏量分析

针对高压大排量径向柱塞泵滑靴副摩擦失效和泄漏问题,以XDP1000型径向柱塞泵为例,对滑靴副温度分布与泄漏量进行了流场仿真和数值计算。首先,根据滑靴柱塞组件运动学特性分析,求解了滑靴偏转角变化规律,并通过建立滑靴副不同通道流量计算公式的方式,建立了滑靴副静压支承特性方程;然后,建立了滑靴副泄漏功率损失和摩擦功率损失模型,求解了滑靴副最佳油膜厚度,并分析了最佳油膜厚度的变化规律;最后,在考虑了油液黏温黏压特性的基础上,通过流场数值计算的方式,研究了滑靴副温度分布与泄漏量随径向柱塞泵工况参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:额定工况下,滑靴副最佳油膜厚度值约为14μm,滑靴副最佳油膜厚度值随着转子转角的增大而增大,随着工作压力和温度的增大而减小;滑靴运动方向侧油膜温度较另一侧高13 K,滑靴副温度值基本不受工作压力的影响,而随着转速的增大而升高;滑靴副阻尼孔泄漏量较滑靴边界泄漏量大0.02 kg/s,而且泄漏量随着压力、转速和油液温度的增大而增大。该研究结论可为高压大排量径向柱塞泵滑靴副设计及优化提供参考。

不确定转子系统动力学降阶模型构建与模型散度参数辨识

在航空、航天、船舶等领域的实际工程转子系统中,广泛存在高维复杂的非线性系统。在航空发动机转子系统、燃气轮机转子系统等重点研究领域,通常还难以对高维复杂非线性系统进行直接的数据处理和分析统计。针对不确定性转子系统的模型维度较高等问题,提出了一种模型不确定性动力学降阶计算模型构建和模型散度参数辨识方法。首先,根据确定性动力学模型和静态矩阵降阶方法,完善了确定性动力学降阶模型;然后,基于随机矩阵理论和非参数动力学建模方法,提出了不确定性动力学降阶模型;最后,利用系统确定性模型的一阶临界转速、振型和实验数据,对不确定性动力学模型的散度参数进行了辨识;为了验证散度参数辨识方法的有效性,笔者又在转子实验平台上进行了实验验证。研究结果表明:实验结果与降阶之后振动响应均值的差异性较小,且与不确定性动力学模型相差不超过10%,表明所采用的理论模型在描述转子系统行为方面具备了较高的准确性和可靠性,该模型可以为深入研究模型不确定性转子系统提供参考。

考虑不对称转速边界约束的变速抽蓄机组综合惯量调频控制

当系统出现频率跌落时,变速抽蓄机组可大幅降低转速、迅速释放转子动能,从而为系统提供惯量支撑,但目前已有的调频方案未能有效发挥变速抽蓄机组的这一优势。为充分利用转子动能,提出一种考虑不对称转速边界约束的变速抽蓄机组综合惯量调频控制策略。首先,从变速抽蓄机组的有功支撑特性和不对称转速约束条件出发,得出适用于变速抽蓄机组的最优频率控制结构,该结构中包含两个时间常数不同的虚拟惯量控制环节。然后,分析各惯量控制环节的作用并整定相关参数。在此基础上,计及变速抽蓄机组运行特性与电力系统调频需求,设计了变速抽蓄机组不对称综合惯量控制策略,使得机组转速降低时可以为系统提供更大的惯量支撑。仿真结果表明,所提调频策略能够充分发挥变速抽蓄机组的优势,维持系统频率稳定。

基于BiLSTM-LSSVM的螺杆转子铣削加工廓形预测

针对螺杆转子盘铣刀加工过程中的轮廓预测问题,提出了基于双向长短时神经网络-最小二乘支持向量机(BiLSTM-LSSVM)的螺杆廓形预测方法。首先,对加工过程中的振动信号进行采集并进行降噪预处理,降噪后的信号进行降采样处理随后输入BiLSTM中进行时序预测;其次,对时序预测后的信号进行特征提取,将提取后的特征向量输入LSSVM进行廓形预测;最后,以五头螺杆为例通过正交实验对BiLSTM-LSSVM模型进行试验验证,并对预测廓形进行误差补偿实验。实验结果表明,提出的基于BiLSTM-LSSVM的螺杆廓形预测模型可对螺杆转子盘铣刀加工螺杆廓形进行准确预测,进而为螺杆转子加工廓形补偿提供支持。

基于SMA支承的转子振动控制方法与试验研究

提出了基于形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,SMA)可控刚度支承的转子系统过临界转速振动控制方法,并试验验证了其有效性。首先,通过对SMA弹簧开展刚度测试得到弹簧的变刚度特性,建立SMA弹簧温度-刚度模型,设计了SMA变刚度支承结构。然后,提出了一种基于变刚度支承的转子系统振动响应控制方法,以带有多个变刚度支承的柔性转子系统为例,对支承的变刚度策略进行优化设计。最后,开展了基于SMA可控刚度支承的转子系统振动控制试验,过1、2阶临界最大振幅减振率分别可达到39.84%和57.93%,验证了转子系统支承刚度变化策略对过临界转速时振动抑制的有效性。

新型车轮平衡机振动系统分析设计

通过对现有转子支撑系统的分析,确定了车轮动平衡机的支撑类型;建立了传统硬支撑立式平衡机振动模型,并对其质心运动方程进行解算,根据解算结果分析其静偶分离效果不佳的原因以及误差的来源;在此基础之上,提出了一种新型车轮平衡机振动系统模型,给出了此振动系统下的运动微分方程,并对其进行详细的解算分析研究,从误差来源上解决了静偶分离不佳的问题。实验结果表明,采用此振动系统解算分析方法,改善了车轮动平衡机的静偶分离性能,提高了不平衡量测量的稳定性与精度。

基于转子动能的风电场自适应频率主动支撑控制策略

随着大规模风电接入电网,电力系统的惯性和抗扰能力逐渐下降,系统的频率稳定问题愈发严峻。为此,文中提出一种基于转子动能的风电场自适应频率主动支撑控制策略。首先,提出一种参与因子,根据风电场的平均转子转速确定风电场参与频率支撑的程度,自适应调整风电场惯性响应参数和频率下垂控制参数。在此基础上,基于风电机组的实时可用转子动能,对风电场的调频功率进行动态分配,风电机组则通过释放转子动能参与频率支撑,其可以充分发挥转子动能较多的机组的频率支撑能力,并避免转速低的风电机组过度参与调频。在频率支撑结束后,采用分阶段的转子转速恢复方法恢复机组转速。仿真结果表明,所提控制策略可以根据风电场的运行状态和风电机组可用转子动能自适应调整有功输出功率,不仅可以实现系统频率的有效支撑,还可以避免频率的二次跌落。

风力助推转子支撑结构强度分析

为了保证风力助推转子的应用安全,有必要系统性的对其强度评估进行探索研究。本文基于有限元分析方法对某5万吨散货船的风力助推转子支撑结构开展直接强度评估分析,首先介绍了风力助推转子有限元模型的建立、边界的设置、载荷的计算以及工况选取,然后分别对正常作业和风暴自存2种工况下风力助推转子的基座、内塔和安装框架进行了屈服强度分析和屈曲强度分析评估。结果表明,风力助推转子的支撑结构强度满足规范要求。

基于支持向量机的风轮不平衡故障诊断方法研究

针对风电机组风轮不平衡的识别与检测问题,提出一种基于多核融合支持向量机的风轮不平衡识别方法。首先,分析风轮不平衡的影响,提出一种基于变分模态分解(VMD)的信号分解与重构方法;其次,提出基于模糊熵的风轮不平衡特征提取方法,以高斯核函数作为模糊函数,该方法具有较好的噪声鲁棒性和较低的数据长度依赖性;再次,提出基于多核融合支持向量机的风轮不平衡识别方法,融合不同特征和尺度的核函数组成核函数库,并选取最优核函数;最后,在不同湍流强度的仿真中建立交叉验证数据库对该方法进行验证,识别准确率在98%以上,证明该方法能有效识别风轮不平衡。