Science and Technology Promotion Policies of Strategic Emerging Industries in Anhui Province

In recent years,based on advantages of industry,market,science and technology and other development environment,strategic emerging industries in Anhui Province are developing rapidly,and emerging industries such as new energy,new materials,new generation of information technology occupy an important market share in China and even the world.However,there are still a number of problems in the process of development,and the policy support has a greater impact.In this paper,the development status of strategic emerging industries in Anhui Province was discussed firstly,and then the challenges and problems of the development was discussed.Finally,some science and technology promotion policies of strategic emerging industries in Anhui Province were proposed.

How Far Is China’s Grain Subsidies Level from the Ceiling of Amber Box Support?-Evaluation Based on WTO Rules

Using the aggregate measurement of support （AMS） approach of the World Trade Organization （WTO）, this study estimates China＇s product-specific and non-product- specific amber box support levels between 2008 and 2013. The result indicates that China＇s product-specific amber box support level has significantly increased but not yet exceeded the tolerable ceiling of de minimis and remains consistent with WTO rules on agricultural domestic support,＂ that there is still policy room for product-specific amber box support but the ceiling of de minimis has already imposed substantial constraint on China＇s grain price support policies; and that despite rapid increases in non-product-specific amber box support levels, future policy space remains significant. The result also suggests that China should make appropriate adjustments to product-specific amber box support policies in accordance with WTO rules on agricultural domestic support and make proper use of non- product-specific amber box support policies.

The inspiration for development in China from the international experience of entrepreneurial support policies

In the current severe employment situation, it is widely accepted by society that adopts entrepreneurship to promote employment. However, the problem is that the entrepreneurial enthusiasm is high but the rate of success is low. Hence, we need to provide a more complete entrepreneurial business environment. The thesis aims to provide experience and further improve our business environment by analyzing the international business support policy.

Nigerian Biomass for Bioenergy Applications:A Review on the Potential and Challenges

Nigeria,often referred to as“the giant of Africa,”boasts a sizable population,a thriving economy,and abundant energy resources.Nevertheless,Nigeria has yet to fully harness its renewable energy potential,despite its enormous capacity in this field.The goal of this review paper is to thoroughly examine the difficulties and untapped opportunities in utilizing biomass for bioenergy production in Nigeria.Notably,Nigeria generates substantial volumes of biomass annually,primarily in the form of agricultural waste,which is often either discarded or burned inefficiently,resulting in significant ecological and environmental damage.Therefore,an efficient approach to reducing pollution and transforming waste into wealth involves converting these biomass resources into energy.This work critically examines the status of biomass utilization for energy applications in Nigeria and highlights the bottlenecks that impede its widespread adoption.The review emphasizes the economic and ecological advantages of biomass utilization over traditional waste treatment methods.Additionally,it underscores the appeal of biomass as an industrial fuel source,particularly considering the current high cost of fossil fuels in contemporary Nigeria.Relevant literature on biomass,energy,agricultural waste,fossil fuel,and calorific value in the context of Nigeria was reviewed by utilizing a thorough search technique in key scientific databases.The analysis did not include any non-English publications.The findings of this research provide valuable insights into the challenges faced in maximizing Nigeria’s biomass potential and offer strategic recommendations to promote the use of biomass for bioenergy development.This review paper will assist a wide range of local and international readers,as well as industries interested in green and bioenergy,in making informed decisions regarding the most suitable types of biomass for biofuel production.

Characteristics and prospect of geothermal industry in China under the“dual carbon”target

Geothermal energy utilization in China had been promoted actively during the 13^(th)Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020),with resultant achievements showing unique Chinese characteristics.Buildings(measured by areas)heated/cooled by intermediate-to-deep geothermal energy increased more rapidly than those by shallow geothermal energy.Geothermal power generation was restricted by the distribution of the resource and the sufficiency of local power supply.With the proposition of“dual carbon goal”by the central government of China and the coming era of great development of renewable energy,geothermal energy will be provided more development opportunities in room heating/cooling and power generation in the country ever than before.However,tackling technology bottlenecks and introduction of appropriate policy support are still urgently needed for nurturing a healthy environment for geothermal industry.Analysis suggests that a near-to medium-term development of geothermal energy shall be focused on a comprehensive and efficient utilization both through heating/cooling and power generation.Room heating/cooling by intermediate-to-deep and shallow geothermal energy shall be promoted nationwide according to local resource endowment and economic conditions.Geothermal power generation in Yunnan and Tibet shall be pushed forward in an orderly way.For medium-and long-term development,focus shall be put on power generation by using low to medium temperature geothermal energy and hot dry rocks.The"hot spring+"model shall be adapted in steps on a regular basis.To achieve these,measures including attaching importance to tackling key technologies,promoting standards for geothermal energy development and utilization,strengthening geothermal energy exploration and evaluation,and seeking for necessary policy support shall be taken.

Current status,prospect and policy and institutional support for Conservation Agriculture in the Asia-Pacific region

The current growing demand for Conservation Agriculture(CA)at the national level in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region presents an opportunity to promote its widespread adoption and up-scaling through national policy and institutional support that appears necessary.Despite the obvious benefits of CA,it does not spread automatically unless the constraints that hinder adoption are understood and addressed in specific situations.These can include a combination of intellectual,social,financial,biophysical,technical,infrastructure constraints,or policy related support.Knowing what the bottlenecks are is important in developing strategies to overcome them.This paper presents:(a)some of the generic policy opportunities that exist for the adoption and uptake of CA;(b)a summary proceedings and outcome of the Regional Expert Consultation Workshop held in Beijing and sponsored by FAO Regional Office for Asia-Pacific which describes the status of CA in the Asia-Pacific region;(c)the challenges to CA adoption and uptake in the Asia-Pacific region;and(d)the conditions that need to be taken into account in designing and promoting policy and institutional support strategies for up-scaling CA.

Development Situation and Strategy Analysis of Waxy Corn Processing Industry in Chongqing Municipality

With the development of society and economy and increasing awareness of people's diet and health care,the demand for waxy corn and its processed products has been rising. At present,the planting of waxy corn in Chongqing is taking shape,but the waxy corn processing is still in the initial stage with smaller enterprise scale and fewer processing product variety. Based on the analysis of the development advantages and disadvantages of waxy corn processing industry in Chongqing,this paper brings forward the development ideas and strategies of Chongqing waxy corn processing industry from three aspects of production,processing and policy.

A discourse on creating and rendering educational and cultural enrichment services to rural migrant workers by public libraries

As far as China's enormous success in her economic reforms and development is concerned,Chinese rural migrant workers indeed have had their biggest share of contributions.Yet ironically in return,they have only received a disproportionate meager share of benefit rewards.These people represent a huge economically deprived group at the bottom of the social totem pole in China's metropolises.On the whole as a social group,their educational attainment is relatively low as compared to their average urban coworkers.As such being the case,their rights to access some of the cost-free cultural and educational enrichment programs in the society are limited and not always assured.Nevertheless and in general speaking,they manifest a strong and consistent desire to acquire all sorts of new and practical knowledge by means of accessing the resources and facilities of their local public libraries.It is suggested in this paper that public libraries are in a good position to give strong support to the central government's strategic planning for the development of a public culture service systema).In implementing such a government initiative with an unswerving purpose of advancing social justice and equality,public libraries should strife to provide as many as possible their library services at no cost to the public,especially to those socially deprived rural migrant workers.

Implications of agricultural success in the Yellow River Basin and its strategy for green development

The Yellow River Basin is an important food production area and an ecological challenge for China, where environmental protection and water scarcity are the major constraints. For the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin,optimizing the adoption of chemicals in agricultural production and integrating crops with livestock are the key strategies for protecting the eco-environment.For dryland agriculture in the middle and upper reaches, this study summarizes four aspects of efficient precipitation techniques in terms of collection,storage, conservation, and use, which have greatly improved crop yields and supported dryland crop production. Irrigated agriculture in the middle and lower reaches is the core area of China's grain production, where the area under water-saving irrigation reached 13.0 Mha in 2018, greatly improving water use. Compared with 1998, cereal production in 2018 increased by 62.2 Mt under similar total water withdrawals(49.7 billion to 51.6 billion m~3),and the annual soil erosion at the Tongguan Hydrological Observatory reduced by 584 million m~3 in 2018, achieving great success in environmental protection and efficient water use. The Chinese government has set a goal for the Yellow River Basin to become the national leader in environmental protection and efficient water use by 2035. Such a high demand requires the combined efforts of the whole community, as well as the adoption of new technologies,coordinated basin-wide development, and adequate policy support.

Cross-Cultural Comparison of Environmental Education Curriculum Integration Strategies in Different Countries

This study presents an in-depth analysis of the integration of environmental education within various curricula and its effectiveness in fostering critical thinking and environmental awareness among students.Through a comparative approach,the research evaluated the impact of different teaching methods and curriculum designs on students’learning outcomes.Key findings indicate that interdisciplinary environmental education significantly enhances students’understanding of sustainability issues and their ability to engage critically with environmental challenges.The study also highlights the importance of community involvement and governmental policy support for the successful implementation of environmental education programs.Innovative teaching methods,including inquiry-based and project-based learning,were found to be particularly effective in increasing student engagement and learning.The research concludes with recommendations for future studies to expand the scope of investigation,explore long-term impacts,and leverage technology to enhance environmental education.The findings of this study are instrumental for policymakers,educators,and curriculum developers in their efforts to cultivate a more environmentally literate and responsible generation.

Energy Storage in High Variable Renewable Energy Penetration Power Systems:Technologies and Applications

Integrating variable renewable energy is one of the most effective ways to achieve a low-carbon energy system.The high penetration of variable renewable energy,such as wind power and photovoltaic,increases the challenge of balancing the power system.Energy storage technology is regarded as one of the key technologies for balancing the intermittency of variable renewable energy to achieve high penetration.This study reviews the energy storage technology that can accommodate the high penetration of variable renewable energy.The basic energy storage technologies that can accommodate time-scale variation are reviewed first.The role of energy storage in the generation,transmission,distribution,and consumption for the high variable renewable energy penetration system is then analyzed.The supporting energy storage policies in the United States,the United Kingdom and China are summarized.Specific suggestions are proposed from the perspectives of technology,business and policy.This paper provides guidelines for planning energy storage to enable a high variable renewable energy penetration power system.

Government integrity and corporate investment efficiency

We explore the relation between government integrity and firms' investment efficiency in the context of China's deepening reforms and its strengthening the social credit system. We find that government integrity is positively associated with the investment efficiency of listed companies in China. Government integrity is negatively related to corporate underinvestment, but insignificantly related to corporate overinvestment. Higher government integrity reduces underinvestment in non-state-owned firms, but this relation is not significant in state-owned firms. Furthermore, we find that the negative relation between government integrity and underinvestment is only significant for firms in industries that receive supportive government policies. This study enriches research on corporate investment by adopting the perspective of government integrity, and supplements the literature on government integrity and its economic consequences. Our study also provides micro-level empirical evidence that strengthening government integrity will promote the economic transformation of China.

Spatial risk assessment of opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan: integrating environmental and socio-economic drivers

Recently the cultivation of opium poppy in Afghanistan reached unprecedented levels.It is agreed that the complex and coupled interactions of social,economic and environmental drivers are crucial for understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan.In this context,we present an integrated risk concept,which considers environmental and socio-economic drivers of opium poppy cultivation.A set of spatially explicit indicators for the environmental suitability and socio-economic vulnerability was established and populated from a variety of databases.Subsequently,novel methods of modelling homogeneous and spatially explicit regions of opium poppy cultivation suitability,socio-economic vulnerability and risk are developed and applied.The risk assessment results demonstrate the complex nature of the illicit crops production in Afghanistan and prompt a more profound examination of the drivers of opium poppy cultivation in a spatial context.The study also confirms what has already been widely discussed in literature:that reasons for cultivation are spatially diverse and often distinct,meaning that any formulation of generalized explanations cannot be drawn without ignoring a more complex reality.Thus,an integrative spatial view of risk,which integrates the social dimension as well as environmental parameters,is required to better identify context-specific intervention measures.