Gas-phase dehydrochlorination of 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane over the non-metal supported ionic liquid catalyst

Developing of non-metallic catalyst to replace metal catalyst is a meaningful and challenging direction.In this work,the non-metallic catalyst was synthetized successfully by loading ionic liquid onto the silica surface,which was applied for the gas-phase dehydrochlorination of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane.The 12%TPPC/SiO2(wt%)showed the best results with the conversion of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane reaching 100%.The selectivity of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene was 100%,and no deactivation was found during the evaluation period.The catalytic mechanism was investigated and possible reaction route was given,which was a reference for fabricating and design of solid base catalyst.

Amorphous TiO_2-supported Keggin-type ionic liquid catalyst catalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene in diesel

Supported ionic liquid(IL) catalysts [Cmim]PMoO/Am TiO(amorphous TiO) were synthesized through a one-step method for extraction coupled catalytic oxidative desulfurization(ECODS) system. Characterizations such as FTIR, DRS,wide-angle XRD, Nadsorption–desorption and XPS were applied to analyze the morphology and Keggin structure of the catalysts. In ECODS with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant, it was found that ILs with longer alkyl chains in the cationic moiety had a better effect on the removal of dibenzothiophene. The desulfurization could reach 100% under optimal conditions, and GC–MS analysis was employed to detect the oxidized product after the reaction. Factors affecting the desulfurization efficiencies were discussed, and a possible mechanism was proposed. In addition, cyclic experiments were also conducted to investigate the recyclability of the supported catalyst. The catalytic activity of [Cmim]PMoO/Am TiOonly dropped from 100% to 92.9% after ten cycles, demonstrating the good recycling performance of the catalyst and its potential industrial application.

Catalytic performance of acidic ionic liquid-functionalized silica in biodiesel production

Acidic ionic liquid([BsAIm][OTf]) was immobilized on sulfhydryl-group-modified SiO2(MPS-SiO2) via free radical addition reaction. The[BsAIm][OTf] loading on acidic ionic liquid-functionalized silica([BsAIm][OTf]/SiO2) was controlled through tuning the sulfydryl(SH)content of MPS-SiO2. All the samples were characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis, N2adsorption-desorption measurements and TGDTA. The catalytic performance of [BsAIm][OTf]/SiO2in the esterification of oleic acid and the transesterification of glycerol trioleate for biodiesel production was investigated. The results showed that with the increase of [BsAIm][OTf] loading on SiO2the specific surface area and pore volume of [BsAIm][OTf]/SiO2decreased, and the pore diameter of [BsAIm][OTf]/SiO2narrowed. In the esterificaiton of oleic acid, the oleic acid conversion increased with the increasing [BsAIm][OTf] loading. In the transesterification of glycerol trioleate, with the increasing[BsAIm][OTf] loading the glycerol trioleate conversion decreased and the selectivities to glycerol monooleate and methyl oleate increased.

Recent development of ionic liquid membranes

The interest in ionic liquids(IL) is motivated by its unique properties, such as negligible vapor pressure, thermal stability, wide electrochemical stability window, and tunability of properties. ILs have been highlighted as solvents for liquid-liquid extraction and liquid membrane separation. To further expand its application in separation field, the ionic liquid membranes(ILMs) and its separation technology have been proposed and developed rapidly. This paper is to give a comprehensive overview on the recent applications of ILMs for the separation of various compounds, including organic compounds, mixed gases, and metal ions. Firstly, ILMs was classified into supported ionic liquid membranes(SILMs) and quasi-solidified ionic liquid membranes(QSILMs) according to the immobilization method of ILs. Then, preparation methods of ILMs, membrane stability as well as applications of ILMs in the separation of various mixtures were reviewed. Followed this, transport mechanisms of gaseous mixtures and organic compounds were elucidated in order to better understand the separation process of ILMs. This tutorial review intends to not only offer an overview on the development of ILMs but also provide a guide for ILMs preparations and applications.

Enhancing CO_(2) transport with plasma-functionalized ionic liquid membranes

The ionic liquid(IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate treated with radiofrequency plasma is proposed for functionalization and immobilization on polyethersulfone supports to form supported ionic liquid membranes for CO_(2) separation.The effects of treatment time and transmembrane pressure difference on CO_(2) permeance were evaluated.The best gas permeation performance was obtained with a treatment time of 10 min and the transmembrane pressure difference was 0.25 MPa.Characterization of the materials by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrates that the IL is grafted with carboxyl groups and deprotonated through plasma treatment.A preliminary mechanism for the plasma treatment and facilitated transport of CO_(2)has been proposed on this basis.

Highly Efficient C--N Bond Forming Reactions in Water Catalyzed by Copper（I） Iodide with Calix[4]arene Supported Amino Acid Ionic Liquid

A novel and effective protocol has been developed for the Ullmann-type C--N coupling reaction catalyzed by calix[4]arene supported amino acid ionic liquid and copper（I） iodide in water under microwave irradiation condition The protocol uses ealix[4]arene supported amino acid ionic liquid as double function of the ligand and phase-transfer catalyst, and shows good tolerance in good to excellent yields.

Determination of seven active components in Salvia miltiorrhiza herb by matrix solid phase dispersion combined with ion liquid extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography

A low cost,rapid and sensitive preparation method of silica gel supported ionic liquid(SGSIL)combined with matrix solid phase dispersion(MSPD)followed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with ultraviolet detection(UV)is proposed,and it was applied to determine the seven active compounds in Salvia Miltiorrhiza herb.SGSIL and ionic liquid[BMIM]BF4 were used as the adsorbent and the green elution reagent in the MSPD procedure.Several extraction conditions including type of filler and elution solvent,the volume of elution solvent,material liquid ratio were optimized.Under the optimum conditions,the SGSIL-MSPD-HPLC method showed a low limit of detection(LOD,S/N=3)of 0.0122-0.8788μg/mL for standard solution,limit of quantification(LOQ,S/N=10)of 0.0406-2.9292μg/mL for standard solution,wide linear range from 1.56 to 2000μg/mL for all compounds for standard solution,correlation coefficients(r)of more than 0.9990,acceptable reproducibility(relative standard deviations,RSDs<3.54%),and precision of RSDs<3.36%for intra-day,RSDs<3.50%for inter-day.The satisfactory recoveries ranged from 96.4 to 102.5,with RSDs less than 3.45%.The developed SGSIL-MSPD method is easier and more suitable for the determination of the seven active compounds in Salvia Miltiorrhiza herb than the traditional ultrasonic extraction.It was an effective and efficient method for the extraction and quantification of the seven active compounds in traditional Chinese herbal samples.