新疆维吾尔族女性脂质代谢紊乱与细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3基因变异相关

目的 研究新疆维吾尔族女性脂质代谢紊乱与细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3（SOCS-3）基因变异的相关性.方法以1379 名新疆维吾尔族人为研究对象,选择rs12953258、rs4969168和rs9914220 3个代表性位点进行基因型鉴定后分析.结果 3个位点中,仅发现维吾尔族女性的 rs12953258位点在脂质代谢紊乱组及脂质代谢正常组中基因型频率分布差异有统计学意义（P=0.032）,在高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）异常组与正常组中基因型频率分布差异有统计学意义（P=0.029）.Logistic回归分析结果显示,rs12953258位点AA基因型可能是新疆维吾尔族女性脂质代谢紊乱的危险因素 [CC比AA：OR=3.271,95%CI（1.092～9.797）,P=0.034],AA基因型可能与HDL-C降低和三酰甘油升高有关,AA基因型合并体重指数（BMI）异常的维吾尔族女性更易患脂质代谢紊乱性疾病.结论 SOCS-3基因变异可能与新疆维吾尔族女性脂质代谢紊乱相关,携带AA基因型且BMI异常人群脂质代谢紊乱的患病率明显增加.

SOCS3 Expression Correlates with Severity of Inflammation in Mouse Hepatitis Virus Strain 3-induced Acute Liver Failure and HBV-ACLF

Summary： Recently, suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 （SOCS3） has been shown to be an inducible endogenous negative regulator of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription （JAK/STAT） pathway which is relevant in inflammatory response, while its functions in acute liver failure and HBV-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure （HBV-ACLF） have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the role of SOCS3 in the development of mouse hepatitis virus strain 3 （MHV-3）-induced acute liver failure and its expression in liver and peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） of patients with HBV-ACLF. Inflammation-related gene expression was detected by real-time PCR, immtmohistochemistry and Western blotting. The correlation between SOCS3 level and liver injury was studied. Our results showed that the SOCS3 expression was significantly elevated in both the liver tissue and PBMCs from patients with HBV-ACLF compared to mild chronic hepatitis B （CHB）. Moreover, a time course study showed that SOCS3 level was increased remarkably in the liver of BALB/cJ mice at 72 h post-infection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin （IL）-1 β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α, were also increased significantly at 72 h post-infection. There was a close correlation between hepatic SOCS3 level and IL-6, and the severity of liver injury defined by alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） levels, respectively. These data suggested that SOCS3 may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of MHV-3-induced acute liver failure and HBV-ACLF.

Expressions of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in the myocardium of patients with sudden cardiac death

BACKGROUND：As the regulators of cytokines, suppressors of cytokine signaling （SOCS） play an important role in the inflammation reaction. Some studies found that SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 were involved in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease. But the expressions of SOCS in coronary heart disease have not yet been reported. This study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in the myocardium of patients with sudden cardiac death （SCD）.METHODS： Myocardial autopsy specimens were collected from 24 patients at the Forensic Medicine Department of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China between 2005 and 2006. Of them, 9 patients had autopsy findings consistent with coronary atherosclerosis （non-myocardial infarction） leading to SCD （non-MI group）, 7 died of acute myocardial infaction （MI group）, and 8 died from traffic accidents and trauma （control group）. The expressions of SOCS-1 mRNA and SOCS-3 mRNA in the myocardium of the non-MI, MI and control groups were detected using RT-PCR. The levels of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 proteins were detected using immunohistochemistry. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 13.0 sottware and the data were analyzed by ANOVA.RESULTS： The expressions of SOCS-1 mRNA and SOCS-3 mRNA in the non-MI and MI groups were significantly higher than those in the control group[（0.788±0.101）, （0.741±0.111） vs. （0.436±0.044）, （P〈0.01）; （0.841±0.092）, （0.776±0.070） vs. （0.454±0.076）, （P〈0.01）] respectively. The antibody-positive cells of SOCS-1 protein in the myocardium of the non-MI and MI groups were significantly higher than those in the myocardium of the control group[（320.00±48.48）, （347.14±70.88） vs. （42.50±10.35）, （P〈0.01）] respectively. The antibody-positive cells of SOCS-3 protein in the myocardium of the non-MI and MI groups were significantly higher than those in the myocardium of the control group[（381.11 ±59.25） vs. （40.00±10.69）, （P〈0.01）] and[（332.86±111.91） vs. （40.00±10.69）, （P=0.001）].CONCLUSION： The expressions of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in the myocardium of patients with SCD from coronary heart disease are significantly increased and contribute to the pathogenesis of SCD.

Heat shock factor 1 promotes neurite outgrowth and suppresses inflammation in the severed spinal cord of geckos

The low intrinsic growth capacity of neurons and an injury-induced inhibitory milieu are major contributo rs to the failure of sensory and motor functional recovery following spinal cord injury.Heat shock transcription factor 1(HSF1),a master regulator of the heat shock response,plays neurogenetic and neuroprotective roles in the damaged or diseased central nervous system.However,the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.In the present study,we used a gecko model of spontaneous nerve regeneration to investigate the potential roles of gecko HSF1(gHSF1) in the regulation of neurite outgrowth and inflammatory inhibition of macrophages following spinal cord injury.gHSF1 expression in neurons and microglia at the lesion site increased dramatically immediately after tail amputation.gHSF1 ove rexpression in gecko primary neuro ns significantly promoted axonal growth by suppressing the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3,and fa cilitated neuro nal survival via activation of the mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathways.Furthermore,gHSF1 efficiently inhibited the macrophagemediated inflammatory response by inactivating 1kappa B-alpha/NF-kappaB signaling.Our findings show that HSF1 plays dual roles in promoting axonal regrowth and inhibiting leukocyte inflammation,and provide new avenues of investigation for promoting spinal co rd injury repair in mammals.

Resveratrol and fenofibrate ameliorate fructose-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by modulation of genes expression

AIM: To evaluate the effect of resveratrol, alone and in combination with fenofibrate, on fructose-induced metabolic genes abnormalities in rats.METHODS: Giving a fructose-enriched diet (FED) to rats for 12 wk was used as a model for inducing hepatic dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Adult male albino rats (150-200 g) were divided into a control group and a FED group which was subdivided into 4 groups, a control FED, fenofibrate (FENO) (100 mg/kg), resveratrol (RES) (70 mg/kg) and combined treatment (FENO + RES) (half the doses). All treatments were given orally from the 9th week till the end of experimental period. Body weight, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), liver index, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA), serum and liver triglycerides (TGs), oxidative stress (liver MDA, GSH and SOD), serum AST, ALT, AST/ALT ratio and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured. Additionally, hepatic gene expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), malonyl CoA decarboxylase (MCD), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and adipose tissue genes expression of leptin and adiponectin were investigated. Liver sections were taken for histopathological examination and steatosis area were determined.RESULTS: Rats fed FED showed damaged liver, impairment of glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia. As for gene expression, there was a change in favor of dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development. All treatment regimens showed some benefit in reversing the described deviations. Fructose caused deterioration in hepatic gene expression of SOCS-3, SREBP-1c, FAS, MDA and TGF-β1 and in adipose tissue gene expression of leptin and adiponectin. Fructose showed also an increase in body weight, insulin resistance (OGTT, HOMA), serum and liver TGs, hepatic MDA, serum AST, AST/ALT ratio and TNF-α compared to control. All treatments improved SOCS-3, FAS, MCD, TGF-β1 and leptin genes expression while only RES and FENO + RES groups showed an improvement in SREBP-1c expression. Adiponectin gene expression was improved only by RES. A decrease in body weight, HOMA, liver TGs, AST/ALT ratio and TNF-α were observed in all treatment groups. Liver index was increased in FENO and FENO + RES groups. Serum TGs was improved only by FENO treatment. Liver MDA was improved by RES and FENO + RES treatments. FENO + RES group showed an increase in liver GSH content.CONCLUSION: When resveratrol was given with half the dose of fenofibrate it improved NASH-related fructose-induced disturbances in gene expression similar to a full dose of fenofibrate.

细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3过表达对IgA肾病患者IgA1刺激人肾小球系膜细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的探讨细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3（SOCS3）对IgA肾病（IgAN）患者血清IgA1刺激诱导人肾小球系膜细胞（HMC）增殖的作用及其可能机制。方法采用Jacalin亲和层析联合丙烯葡聚糖凝胶S-200凝胶过滤法纯化聚合IgAN患者血清热聚合IgA1（aIgA1）。以腺病毒为载体转染SOCS3至体外培养的HMC，再以aIgA1刺激培养12～48h，分为空白对照组、IgA1组、IgA1＋空载腺病毒组、IgA1＋SOCS3腺病毒组。采用噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测系膜细胞增殖情况，Western印迹法和实时定量PCR法检测各组SOCS3、Toll样受体4（TLR4）、转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）蛋白和mRNA表达水平。结果algA1刺激HMC24h后开始表现出促增殖作用，与空白对照组相比，aIgA1刺激后SOCS3、TLR4、TGF-β1蛋白和mRNA表达均有显著升高（P〈0．05）。与IgA1组、IgA1＋空载腺病毒组相比，IgA1＋SOCS3腺病毒组TLR4、TGF-β1蛋白和mRNA表达均显著下降（P〈0．05），HMC增殖程度显著降低（P〈0．05）。结论上调SOCS3表达可降低aIgA1刺激后HMC的TLR4和TGF-β1表达水平，并抑制aIgA1诱导的HMC细胞增殖。

二甲双胍对去卵巢模型大鼠血清中瘦素含量的影响及作用机制

目的:研究二甲双胍(MF)对去卵巢模型大鼠血清中瘦素含量的影响及其机制。方法:取雌性大鼠行卵巢摘除术建立去卵巢模型,随机分为模型组和MF低、高剂量[135、270mg(/kg·d)]组,每组10只,另选健康雌性大鼠10只行假手术作为假手术组。模型组和假手术组大鼠灌胃0.9%氯化钠溶液5ml(/kg·d),MF低、高剂量组大鼠灌胃相应药物,连续给药42d。放射免疫法测定各组大鼠血清中瘦素含量并称体质量,逆转录-聚合酶链式反应技术检测各组大鼠脂肪中细胞因子信号传导抑制因子3(SOCS-3)mRNA的表达。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠血清中瘦素含量、体质量和脂肪内SOCS-3mRNA表达均明显增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);与模型组比较,MF高剂量组大鼠血清中瘦素含量、体质量和脂肪内SOCS-3mRNA表达均明显降低(P<0.05),MF低剂量组大鼠上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:高剂量MF可明显降低去卵巢模型大鼠血清中瘦素含量,其机制可能与显著下调脂肪内SOCS-3mRNA表达有关。