Stream Surface Strip Element Method and Simulation of Three-Dimensional Deformation of Continuous Hot Rolled Strip

A new method,the stream surface strip element method,for simulating the three-dimensional deformation of plate and strip rolling process was proposed.The rolling deformation zone was divided into a number of stream surface(curved surface)strip elements along metal flow traces,and the stream surface strip elements were mapped into the corresponding plane strip elements for analysis and computation.The longitudinal distributions of the lateral displacement and the altitudinal displacement of metal were respectively constructed to be a quartic curve and a quadratic curve,of which the lateral distributions were expressed as the third-power spline function,and the altitudinal distributions were fitted in the quadratic curve.From the flow theory of plastic mechanics,the mathematical models of the three-dimensional deformations and stresses of the deformation zone were constructed.Compared with the streamline strip element method proposed by the first author of this paper,the stream surface strip element method takes into account the uneven distributions of stresses and deformations along altitudinal direction,and realizes the precise three-dimensional analysis and computation.The simulation example of continuous hot rolled strip indicates that the method and the model accord with facts and provide a new reliable engineering-computation method for the three-dimensional mechanics simulation of plate and strip rolling process.

The use of the node-based smoothed finite element method to estimate static and seismic bearing capacities of shallow strip footings

The node-based smoothed finite element method(NS-FEM)is shortly presented for calculations of the static and seismic bearing capacities of shallow strip footings.A series of computations has been performed to assess variations in seismic bearing capacity factors with both horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations.Numerical results obtained agree very well with those using the slip-line method,revealing that the magnitude of the seismic bearing capacity is highly dependent upon the combinations of various directions of both components of the seismic acceleration.An upward vertical seismic acceleration reduces the seismic bearing capacity compared to the downward vertical seismic acceleration in calculations.In addition,particular emphasis is placed on a separate estimation of the effects of soil and superstructure inertia on each seismic bearing capacity component.While the effect of inertia forces arising in the soil on the seismic bearing capacity is non-trivial,and the superstructure inertia is the major contributor to reductions in the seismic bearing capacity.Both tables and charts are given for practical application to the seismic design of the foundations.

Study on increasing calculation precision and convergence speed of streamline strip element method

The calculation precision and convergence speed of streamline strip element method are increased by (using) the method whose initial value of the exit lateral displacement is determined with strip element variation method, and the accurate tension lateral distribution model is adopted based on the original third power spline function streamline strip element method. The basic theory of the strip element method is developed. The calculated results by the improved streamline strip element method and the original streamline strip element method are compared with the measured results, showing that the calculated results of the improved method are in good agreement with the measured results.

Thermal conductivity measurements on xonotlite-type calcium silicate by the transient hot-strip method

The experimental results of the thermal conductivities of xonotlite-type calcium silicate insulation materials were presented at different temperatures and pressures. Two appropriative surroundings, i.e. an elevated temperature surrounding from ambient temperature to 1450 K and a vacuum surrounding from atmosphere pressure to 10-3 Pa, were designed for the transient hot-strip （THS） method. The thermal conductivities of xonotlite-type calcium silicate with four densities from ambient temperature to 1000 K and 0.045 Pa to atmospheric pressure were measured. The results show that the thermal conductivity of xonotlite-type calcium silicate decreases apparently with the fall of density, and decreases apparently with the drop of pressure, and reaches the least value at about 100 Pa. The thermal conductivity of xonotlite-type calcium silicate increases almost linearly with T0, and increases more abundantly with low density than with high density. The thermal conductivity measurement uncertainty is estimated to be approximately 3% at ambient temperature, and 6% at 800 K.

Thermal conductivity characterization of ultra-thin silicon film using the ultra-fast transient hot strip method

Thermal conductivity is an important material parameter of silicon when studying the performance and reliability of devices or for guiding circuit design when considering heat dissipation, especially when the self-heating effect becomes prominent in ultra-scaled MOSFETs.The cross-plane thermal conductivity of a thin silicon film is lacking due to the difficulty in sensing high thermal conductivity in the vertical direction.In this paper, a feasible method that utilizes an ultra-fast electrical pulse within 20 μs combined with the hot strip technique is adopted.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that shows how to extract the cross-plane thermal conductivity of sub-50 nm(30 nm, 17 nm, and 10 nm)silicon films on buried oxide.The ratio of the extracted cross-plane thermal conductivity of the silicon films over the bulk value is only about 6.9%, 4.3%, and 3.8% at 300 K, respectively.As the thickness of the films is smaller than the phonon mean free path, the classical heat transport theory fails to predict the heat dissipation in nanoscale transistors.Thus, in this study, a ballistic model, derived from the heat transport equation based on extended-irreversible-hydrodynamics(EIT), is used for further investigation, and the simulation results exhibit good consistence with the experimental data.The extracted effective thermal data could provide a good reference for precise device simulations and thermoelectric applications.

DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF PLATES DUE TO MOVING VEHICLES USING FINITE STRIP METHOD

Dynamic response of beam-like structures to moving vehicles has been extensively studied. However, the study on dynamic response of plates to moving vehicles has so far received but scant attention. A plate-vehicle strip for simulating the interaction between a rectangular plate and moving vehicles was described. For the portion of strips that are in direct contact with the moving vehicles, the plate-vehicle strips were employed. Conventional plate finite strips were used to model the portion of strips that are not directly under the action of moving vehicles. In the analysis, each moving vehicle is idealized as a one-foot dynamic system with tire unsprung mass and sprund mass interconnected by a spring and a dashpot. The numerical results obtained from the proposed method agree well with available results.

Strip Layer Method for Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Stresses and Spread of Large Cylindrical Shell Rolling

As the traditional forging process has many problems such as low efficiency, high consumption of material and energy, large cylindrical shell rolling is introduced. Large cylindrical shell rolling is a typical rotary forming technology, and the upper and lower rolls have different radii and speeds. To quickly predict the three-dimensional stresses and eliminate fishtail defect, an improved strip layer method is developed, in which the asymmetry of the upper and lower rolls, non-uniform deformation and stress, as well as the asymmetrical spread on the end surface are considered. The deformation zone is divided into a certain number of layers and strips along the thickness and width, respectively. The transverse displacement model is constructed by polynomial function, in order to increase the computation speed greatly. From the metal plastic mechanics principle, the three-dimensional stress models are established. The genetic algorithm is used for optimization calculation in an industrial experiment example. The results show that the rolling pressure, the normal stresses, the upper and lower friction stress distributions are not similar with those of a general plate rolling. There are two relative maximum values in rolling pressure distribution. The upper and lower longitudinal friction stresses change direction nearby the upper and lower neutral points, respectively. The fishtail profile of spread on the end surface is predicted satisfactorily. The reduction could be helpful to eliminate fishtail defect. The large cylindrical shell rolling example illustrates the calculation results acquired rapidly are good agreements with the finite element simulation and experimental values of previous study. A highly effective and reliable three-dimensional simulation method is proposed for large cylindrical shell rolling and other asymmetrical rolling.

A New Approach Based on Iterative Method for the Characterization of a Micro-Strip Line with Thick Copper Conductor

In this work, we applied two electromagnetic models for the characterization of a planar structure including a flat, thick copper conductor. Indeed the first model is consisted by modeling two metal ribbons without bulkiness, placed one above the other at a distance of h2 equal to the thickness of the thick conductor. This approach has been implemented and tested by the iterative method. The results of simulations have been compared with those calculated by the Ansoft HFSS software, and they are in good concordance, validating the method of analysis used. The second model is based on the calculation of the effective permittivity of the medium containing the thick conductor. This medium consists of a metallic region of complex relative permittivity , the rest of this medium is filled with air er2 = 1. The effective permittivity eeff calculated from these two relative permittivity er2 and . Comparing the simulation results of this new formulation of the iterative method with those calculated by the software Ansoft HFSS shows that they are in good matching which validates the second model.

A dynamic large-deformation particle finite element method for geotechnical applications based on Abaqus

In this paper,the application of Abaqus-based particle finite element method(PFEM)is extended from static to dynamic large deformation.The PFEM is based on periodic mesh regeneration with Delaunay triangulation to avoid mesh distortion.Additional mesh smoothing and boundary node smoothing techniques are incorporated to improve the mesh quality and solution accuracy.The field variables are mapped from the old to the new mesh using the closest point projection method to minimize the mapping error.The procedures of the proposed Abaqus-based dynamic PFEM(Abaqus-DPFEM)analysis and its implementation in Abaqus are detailed.The accuracy and robustness of the proposed approach are examined via four illustrative numerical examples.The numerical results show a satisfactory agreement with published results and further confirm the applicability of the Abaqus-DPFEM to solving dynamic large-deformation problems in geotechnical engineering.

An Optimization Model for the Strip-packing Problem and Its Augmented Lagrangian Method

This paper formulates a two-dimensional strip packing problem as a non- linear programming （NLP） problem and establishes the first-order optimality conditions for the NLP problem. A numerical algorithm for solving this NLP problem is given to find exact solutions to strip-packing problems involving up to 10 items. Approximate solutions can be found for big-sized problems by decomposing the set of items into small-sized blocks of which each block adopts the proposed numerical algorithm. Numerical results show that the approximate solutions to big-sized problems obtained by this method are superior to those by NFDH, FFDH and BFDH approaches.

Finite Element Analysis of the Influence of Artificial Cementation on the Strength Parameters and Bearing Capacity of Sandy Soil under a Strip Footing

Artificial cementation is a method commonly used to enhance and improve soil properties. This paper investigates the effect of using different amounts of cement on soil strength parameters and soil bearing capacity, using the finite element method. Experimental tests are conducted on soil samples with different amounts of Portland cement. A 2-D numerical model is created and validated using the numerical modelling software, COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 software. The study finds that the cohesion, and the angle of the internal friction of the soil samples increase significantly as a result of adding 1%, 2%, and 4% of Portland cement. The results demonstrate that the stresses and strain under the strip footing proposed decrease by 3.24% and 7.42%. Moreover, the maximum displacement also decreases by 1.47% and 2.97%, as a result of adding cements of 2% and 4%. The bearing capacity values obtained are therefore excellent, especially when using the 2% and 4% cement. The increase identified is due to the increased values of the bearing capacity factors. It is concluded that from an economic viewpoint, using 2% cement is the best option.

薄壁杆件屈曲模态分析的力特征约束有限条法

整体、畸变、局部等基本变形模式的划分是条理化开展薄壁杆件工程计算的必要手段。薄壁杆件的基本变形模式传统上基于简化应力-应变关系,采用变形、应变等几何特征进行定义,不利于因应复杂化应力-应变关系。提出一套完全基于力特征和正交完备性原则的基本模式定义。与广义梁理论和约束有限条法相比,提出的整体、畸变、局部3种基本变形模式关于刚度严格正交,且完整覆盖薄壁杆件全变形域。基于该定义实现了针对薄壁杆件有限条模型的屈曲模态分解和识别。算例表明,提出的基本模式定义和屈曲模态分析方法具有开、闭口和折、曲线形截面的一致适应能力,剪应变和横向伸缩的影响在基本屈曲模式中得到合理表达,曲线形截面薄壁构件具有与多边形截面薄壁构件一致的整体、畸变和局部屈曲机理。

融合裂缝形态信息的电阻率测井成像图空白条带填充方法

电阻率测井成像图中存在宽度和位置不定的空白条带,而目前常用的空白条带反距离加权插值填充法仅依靠像素点距离参数计算插值,往往导致填充后区域与实测区域纹理不连贯,纹理易呈现直线状,与实际状况不符。为此,将裂缝区域形态与分布信息作为参量,构建插值计算模型,形成融合裂缝形态分布信息的空白条带填充法。该填充算法能根据插值点与裂缝形态拟合线的相对位置关系,动态调整参考点对插值点插值的权重系数,填充后的裂缝区域纹理连贯平滑,更符合裂缝实际形态和分布的规律。实际测井数据应用表明,相较于传统填充方法,采用该方法填充后的裂缝分布拟合线与霍夫变换后曲线相似度提升25%以上,不连贯填充点数量下降88%以上,性能提升明显。该方法的应用成果可为后续测井图像中各种裂缝的智能识别和精确分割提供更好的数据支撑。

钢带嵌缝加固砌体结构抗剪性能试验研究

为提高砌体结构抗剪强度,同时保留原有风貌,采用“弓”字型钢带或钢筋对砌体试件进行嵌齿缝加固。利用数字图像相关方法对加固后的砌体结构进行沿通缝截面抗剪强度试验研究,并建立砌体抗剪试件有限元模型,分析钢带宽度对砌体抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:嵌入钢筋或钢带,均能够有效限制层间分离,提高砌体完整性,破坏模式由单剪破坏转化为双剪破坏。承载能力大幅提高,单面钢带、双面钢带、双面钢筋加固的试件极限荷载分别提高了23.63%,61.18%,35.02%,极限荷载对应位移提高了16.38%,23.41%,16.95%。钢带或钢筋的拉结作用可以提高砌体结构的延性,改善砌体结构脆性破坏的特征。

不同术式治疗退行性下睑内翻的临床效果分析

目的分析2种不同术式治疗退行性下睑内翻的临床疗效。方法选取2017年3月—2020年9月在首都医科大学宣武医院诊治的退行性下睑内翻患者84例(86只眼)。按照随机数字表法分为加固组41例(42只眼)和前徙组43例(44只眼)。加固组予下睑缩肌加固联合睑板前轮匝肌缩短术;前徙组予下睑缩肌前徙联合外侧睑板条固定术。比较2组的手术时间、术后眼睑瘀血持续时长、复发率和临床疗效。结果(1)2组术前下睑前方牵拉试验、下睑侧方牵拉试验和下睑缩肌松弛试验阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)手术时间:加固组手术时间低于前徙组,差异有统计学意义(t=32.444,P=0.000)。(3)术后眼睑瘀血持续时长:加固组术后眼睑瘀血持续时长低于前徙组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.544,P=0.000)。(4)复发率和临床疗效:2组复发率和临床疗效比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),且术后均未出现严重并发症。结论下睑缩肌加固联合睑板前轮匝肌缩短术和下睑缩肌前徙联合外侧睑板条固定术均是治疗退行性下睑内翻的有效方法。但下睑缩肌加固联合睑板前轮匝肌缩短术具有手术步骤简单、手术用时短、术后眼睑瘀血轻等优点。

基于蛋白序列比对方法获得灵敏度抗体的诺如病毒免疫层析试剂条的临床应用价值

目的探讨基于蛋白序列比对方法获得灵敏度抗体的诺如病毒免疫层析试剂条的临床应用价值。方法选取150例疑似诺如病毒感染患者作为研究对象,回顾性分析所有患者的临床资料。所有患者均接受常规检查和优化检测试纸的诺如病毒抗原检测。利用患者临床数据对检出结果进行验证,从检出率、重复率、符合率、抗干扰能力和交叉反应等方面对该检测优化方法的检测性能进行评估。结果优化后的抗原检测试剂条的检测准确率高于常规抗原快速检测试剂,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过评估分析发现,诺如病毒抗原检测中的一些关键因素,如样本采集时间、采集方式、保存方式等对检测结果的影响较大。通过对上述因素进行控制和管理,可以提高诺如病毒抗原检测的准确性和可靠性。结论基于蛋白序列比对方法获得灵敏度抗体的诺如病毒试剂条的临床应用价值较高,可以优化检测方法,提高检测准确性和可靠性,减少漏诊和误诊。

A new method for evaluating wedges of steel plates and strips

To overcome the inaccuracy problem of the traditional wedge evaluation of steel plates and strips caused by the ran-domness of the thicknesses of two local points and improve the reliability of the wedge index,the double-centroid method for the wedge evaluation was proposed,and a model based on the centroid theory was established.Meanwhile,an integral model for the discrete thickness values of the cross-section profiles was derived.The discussion focused on the distinct characteristics of the two-point method,asymmetric method,and double-centroid method in evaluating the asymmetric distribution of cross-sections.The three methods were employed to evaluate the wedge values of both the theoretical and measured cross-sections of steel plates and strips,and the accuracies of three wedge evaluation models were analyzed and discussed.The results showed that the double-centroid method objectively reflects the degree and variation characteristics of the wedge values of the cross-sections of steel plates and strips,and this method is feasible,reliable,and outstanding.

一种高精度四辊板带材轧机支撑辊偏心辨识的研究

板带轧机中上下支撑辊偏心信号是较为典型的一种频率相近的周期波,如果仍采用传统的快速傅立叶变换(FFT)辨识该偏心信号就很难保证结果的精准性与可靠性。对此,在本课题中,笔者经过广泛且深入地探索与研究推出了可有效解决此问题的新辨识方法,即最小二乘法(LS),该算法的实现过程依托经典且成熟的观测矩阵理论,利用2范数最小的终止准则完成求解操作,并从中确定出最相近的特征参数。算例计算结果显示:当上下支撑辊的频率差为和,FFT所辨识的幅值和相角均严重失真,而LS方法所辨识的幅值精度分别可达0.064%和0.127%,相角的辨识精度分别为0.076%和0.0286%。同时利用某四机架板带连轧生产的实际采集的轧制力数据作为辨识目标,通过分析各个机架的轧辊偏心的影响,可以看出在246Hz处的轧辊偏心信号被很好地辨识。因此笔者提出的这种新方法可提供准确、可靠的辨识结果,而且不容易受外部干扰,进而从源头上提高了识别效率,保证了识别的精准度。

基于模板剥离法制备高性能钙钛矿单晶薄膜光电探测器

近年来,杂化钙钛矿半导体材料由于其带隙可调、吸收系数高、载流子迁移率高、成本低廉等诸多优点,在光电器件领域备受青睐,如太阳能电池、电致发光器件、光电探测器等。其中,钙钛矿单晶薄膜因其无晶界、杂质和缺陷含量低等特点,展现出更为优异的光学、电学特性,成为制备高性能光电器件的理想材料体系。然而,钙钛矿单晶薄膜常采用空间限域法直接生长在空穴传输层上,不可避免地将导致界面缺陷和载流子层间输运等问题,严重制约了钙钛矿单晶薄膜光电探测器的性能。为此,本文通过引入模板剥离法工艺技术,在钙钛矿单晶薄膜两侧分别蒸镀功能层材料,制备了结构为Cu/BCP/C_(60)/MAPbBr_(3)/MoO_(3)/Ag的钙钛矿单晶薄膜光电探测器。基于模板剥离法,两侧蒸镀的功能层与钙钛矿单晶薄膜接触紧密,将有效改善载流子的注入和传输;同时,优化的器件结构以及考虑能带匹配等因素可实现高灵敏、响应快速的钙钛矿单晶薄膜光电探测器。改进后器件的开关比高达3.1×10^(3),响应度可达7.15 A/W,探测率为5.39×10^(12)Jones,外量子效率达到1794%。该工作为进一步改善和提升钙钛矿单晶薄膜光电探测器的探测性能提供了一种可行性技术方案。

一类带p-Laplace算子的非线性二阶m点共振边值问题解的存在性

基于拓扑横截方法连同障碍带技巧,得到一类带p-Laplace算子的非线性二阶m点共振边值问题解的新的存在性结果,并给出应用举例。