Influence of Isotope Effects on Product Polarizations of N(~2D)+D_2, N(~2D)+H_2 and N(~2D)+HD Reactive Systems

To figure out the influence of isotope effect on product polarizations of the N（2D）＋D2 reactive system and its isotope variants, quasi-classical trajectory（QCT） calculation was performed on Ho＇s potential energy surface（PES） of 2A″ state. Product polarizations such as product distributions of P（θr）, P（φr） and P（θr,φr）, as well as the generalized polarization-dependent differential cross sections（PDDCSs） were discussed and compared in detail among the four product channels of the title reactions. Both the intermolecular and intramolecular isotope effects were proved to be influential on product polarizations.

Paleoceanographic records and sea ice extension history on the slope of the northern Bering Sea over the last 100 ka B.P.

Quantitative analytic results of the biogenic components in Core B2-9 fromthe northern Bering Sea slope indicate that the coarse fraction and opal content, serving as proxiesof surface productivity, have increased stepwise since the marine isotope stageCMISJS.S, reflectingperiodic enhancement in surface productivity.The surface productivity attained its highest levelduring the Holocene, followed by MIS 3.2 to 2 and then MIS 5.3 to 3.3 with a lowest level. Hightotal organic carbon(TOC) contents, together with high C/N ratios, which stand mostly between 7 and20, show that the TOC was deposited from mixing sources. Therefore,one has to be cautious to use TOCas a proxy of surface productivity.The high TOC and C/N ratio during MIS 5.1, 3.3 to 3.2 and theHolocene reflect that the terrigenous organic matter input increased during interglacialperiods.Increases in the fine- and silt-grained terrigenous components from MIS 5.3 to the middleHolocene imply that with the cooling climate, sea ice on the Bering Sea slope extended continuously.Ice-rafted and charcoal detritus increased during glacial, interstadial and the last deglaciationperiods and decreased during interglacial periods, suggesting that sea ice on the slope increasedand melted, respectively, during glacial and interglacial periods. The extension of sea ice duringglacial periods.which was linked with the climate over the North American Continent, responded toglobal climate change during late Quaternary glacial and interglacial cycles.

Paleoceanographic records in the Chukchi Basin, western Arctic Ocean during the late Quaternary

The late Quaternary paleoceanographic changes in the western Arctic Ocean are revealed by quan- titative studies of foraminiferal abundance, ice-rafted detritus （IRD） and its mineralogical and petrological compositions, planktonic Neogloboquadrina pachyderma （sin.） （Nps）-δ18O and -δ13C, biogenic and non-biogenic components in Core M03 token from the Chukchi Basin during the Sec- ond Chinese National Arctic Expedition cruise. Seven IRD events appeared at MIS 7, 5, 3 and 1. These IRD were carried in massive icebergs, which were exported to the Beaufort Sea through the M＇Clure Strait Ice Stream, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and then transported into the Chukchi Basin by the Beaufort Gyre. Low IRD deposition occurred during the glacial times when more extended ice cover and weakened Beaufort Gyre, while the open water condition and the intensified Beaufort Gyre during interglacial periods favored the IRD deposition. Therefore, the IRD events not only indicate the provenance of coarser detritus and ice export events, but also reflect the evolutionary histories of the Beaufort Gyre and North American ice sheet. Seven light Nps-δ18O and -δ13C excursions could respond to enhanced rates of sea ice formation resulting in the pro- duction and sinking of isotopically light brines, but was irrelevant to the warm Atlantic water and freshwater inputs. Whereas, the heavy Nps-δ18O and -δ13C values separately reflect the lessened Arctic freshwater and Pacific water, and well-ventilated surface water from the continental shelf and halocline water. Variations of CaCO3 content and planktonic foraminiferal abundance during the interglacial and glacial periods can demonstrate the incremental or diminishing input of the Atlantic water, while the total organic carbon （TOC） and opal contents increased and decreased during the glacial and interglacial periods, respectively, which could be related to the TOC degradation, opal dissolution and redox conditions of interface between the bottom water and sediments.

Multi-degree reduction of tensor product Bézier surfaces with conditions of corners interpolations

This paper studies the multi-degree reduction of tensor product B(?)zier surfaces with any degree interpolation conditions of four corners, which is urgently to be resolved in many CAD/CAM systems. For the given conditions of corners interpolation, this paper presents one intuitive method of degree reduction of parametric surfaces. Another new approximation algorithm of multi-degree reduction is also presented with the degree elevation of surfaces and the Chebyshev polynomial approximation theory. It obtains the good approximate effect and the boundaries of degree reduced surface can preserve the prescribed continuities. The degree reduction error of the latter algorithm is much smaller than that of the first algorithm. The error bounds of degree reduction of two algorithms are also presented .

Optimized production of a novel bioflocculant M-C11 by Klebsiella sp. and its application in sludge dewatering

The optimized production of a novel bioflocculant M-C11 produced by Klebsiella sp. and its application in sludge dewatering were investigated. The optimal medium carbon source,nitrogen source, metal ion, initial pH and culture temperature for the bioflocculant production were glucose, NaNO3, MgSO4, and pH 7.0 and 25°C, respectively. A compositional analysis indicated that the purified M-C11 consisted of 91.2% sugar, 4.6% protein and 3.9% nucleic acids（m/m）. A Fourier transform infrared spectrum confirmed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl,methoxyl and amino groups. The microbial flocculant exhibited excellent pH and thermal stability in a kaolin suspension over a pH range of 4.0 to 8.0 and a temperature range of 20 to 60°C.The optimum bioflocculating activity was observed as 92.37% for 2.56 mL M-C11 and 0.37 g/L CaCl2 dosages using response surface methodology. The sludge resistance in filtration（SRF）decreased from 11.6 × 1012 to 4.7 × 1012m/kg, which indicated that the sludge dewaterability was remarkably enhanced by the bioflocculant conditioning. The sludge dewatering performance conditioned by M-C11 was more efficient than that of inorganic flocculating reagents,such as aluminum sulfate and polymeric aluminum chloride. The bioflocculant has advantages over traditional sludge conditioners due to its lower cost, benign biodegradability and negligible secondary pollution. In addition, the bioflocculant was favorably adapted to the specific sludge pH and salinity.

Bers-Orlicz Spaces on the Product Riemann Surface

In this paper,the Bers-Orlicz spaces on the automorphic form A_α■(G)(or EA_α■(G)) and L_α■(G)(E_α■(G))on the product Riemann surfaces are studied.We prove that each f ∈A_α■(G) is a cusp form.For f ∈A_α■(G),we give the reproducing formula.And,we give the projective operator P_αfrom L_α■(G) to A_α■(G)(or E_α■(G) to EA_α■(G)).After giving some fundamental properties of the Poincaréseries,we prove a dual theorem A_α■(G)=(EA_α■(G))~*.

Optimization of microwave pretreatment of lignocellulosic waste for enhancing methane production： Hyacinth as an example

The effect of microwave pretreatment on the anaerobic degradation of hyacinth was investigated using response surface methodology （RSM）. The components oflignin and the other constituents of hyacinth were altered by microwave pretreatment. Comparison of the near-infrared spectra of hyacinth pretreated by microwave irradiation and water-heating pretreatment revealed that no new compounds were generated during hyacinth pretreatment by microwave irradiation. Atomic force microscopy observations indicated that the physical structures of hyacinth were disrupted by microwave pretreatment. The yield of methane per gram of the microwave-irradiated substrate increased by 38.3% as compared to that of the substrate pretreated via water-heating. A maximum methane yield of 221 mL·g-sub^-1 was obtained under the optimum pretreatment conditions （substrate concentration （pSC） = 20.1 g·L^-1 and pretreatment time （PT） = 14.6 min） using RSM analysis. A maximum methane production rate of 0.76 mL·h^-1· g-sub^-1 was obtained by applying PSC = 9.5 g·L^-1 and PT= 11 min. Interactive item coefficient analysis showed that methane production was dependent on the PSC and PT, separately, whereas the interactive effect of the PSC and PT on methane production was not significant. The same trend was also observed for the methane production rate.

A Characterization of the Ejiri Torus in S^5

We conjecture that a Willmore torus having Willmore functional between 2π2 and 2π2 √3 is either conformally equivalent to the Clifford torus, or conformally equivalent to the Ejiri torus. Ejiri＇s torus in S5 is the first example of Willmore surface which is not conformally equivalent to any minimal surface in any real space form. Li and Vrancken classified all Willmore surfaces of tensor product in S n by reducing them into elastic curves in S3, and the Ejiri torus appeared as a special example. In this paper, we first prove that among all Willmore tori of tensor product, the Willmore functional of the Ejiri torus in S5 attains the minimum 2π2 √3, which indicates our conjecture holds true for Wilhnore surfaces of tensor product. Then we show that all Willmore tori of tensor product are unstable when the co-dimension is big enough. We also show that the Ejiri torus is unstable even in S5. Moreover, similar to Li and Vrancken, we classify all constrained Wilhnore surfaces of tensor product by reducing them with elastic curves in S3. All constrained Willmore tori obtained this way are also shown to bc unstable when the co-dimension is big enough.