On May 12th, 2008, the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake ruptured the Beichuan, Pengguan and Xiaoyudong faults simultaneously along the middle segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt at the eastern margin of the Tibetan platea...On May 12th, 2008, the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake ruptured the Beichuan, Pengguan and Xiaoyudong faults simultaneously along the middle segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt at the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. Field investigations constrain the surface rupture pattern, length and offsets related to the Wenchuan earthquake. The Beichuan fault has a NE-trending rightlateral reverse rupture with a total length of 240 km. Reassessment yields a maximum vertical offset of 6.5±0.5 m and a maximum right-lateral offset of 4.9±0.5 m for its northern segment, which are the largest offsets found; the maximum vertical offset is 6.2±0.5 m for its southern segment. The Pengguan fault has a NE-trending pure reverse rupture about 72 km long with a maximum vertical offset of about 3.5 m. The Xiaoyudong fault has a NW-striking left-lateral reverse rupture about 7 km long between the Beichuan and Pengguan faults, with a maximum vertical offset of 3.4 m and left-lateral offset of 3.5 m. This pattern of multiple co-seismic surface ruptures is among the most complicated of recent great earthquakes and presents a much larger danger than if they ruptured individually. The rupture length is the longest for reverse faulting events ever reported.展开更多
同震地表破裂带的空间展布及形变特征是地球深部断层活动在地表的直观地貌表现,不但记录着地震破裂和断层运动的信息,还反映了区域应力和地壳运动状况。因此,开展震后地震地表破裂带调查对于了解发震断层的构造活动尤为重要。高精度地...同震地表破裂带的空间展布及形变特征是地球深部断层活动在地表的直观地貌表现,不但记录着地震破裂和断层运动的信息,还反映了区域应力和地壳运动状况。因此,开展震后地震地表破裂带调查对于了解发震断层的构造活动尤为重要。高精度地形观测技术可以获取前所未有的高时空分辨率的地球表面特征,为辨别历史地震地表破裂遗迹、提取地表同震位移、活动构造地质填图等提供高质量数据。文中选取富蕴1931年地震地表破裂带作为研究区,利用SfM(Structural from Motion)摄影测量技术生成分辨率为1m的数字高程模型(DEM),详细识别地表破裂并测量冲沟的右旋位移。基于地表破裂的几何及构造地貌特征,将富蕴地震地表破裂带由北向南分为S1、S2、S3、S44段,其间以挤压隆起或拉分盆地相连接。沿破裂带共获得194组最新冲沟的右旋水平位移,得到1931年同震位移的平均值为(5.06±0.13)m。同震位移局部缺失或突变的区域与几何阶区的位置也有良好的对应关系。以上结果填补了对富蕴地震地表破裂精细形态研究的空白,也进一步展示高分辨率的地形数据在活动构造研究中良好的应用价值。展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2004CB418401)National Science Foundation of China(grant No.40841007)
文摘On May 12th, 2008, the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake ruptured the Beichuan, Pengguan and Xiaoyudong faults simultaneously along the middle segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt at the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. Field investigations constrain the surface rupture pattern, length and offsets related to the Wenchuan earthquake. The Beichuan fault has a NE-trending rightlateral reverse rupture with a total length of 240 km. Reassessment yields a maximum vertical offset of 6.5±0.5 m and a maximum right-lateral offset of 4.9±0.5 m for its northern segment, which are the largest offsets found; the maximum vertical offset is 6.2±0.5 m for its southern segment. The Pengguan fault has a NE-trending pure reverse rupture about 72 km long with a maximum vertical offset of about 3.5 m. The Xiaoyudong fault has a NW-striking left-lateral reverse rupture about 7 km long between the Beichuan and Pengguan faults, with a maximum vertical offset of 3.4 m and left-lateral offset of 3.5 m. This pattern of multiple co-seismic surface ruptures is among the most complicated of recent great earthquakes and presents a much larger danger than if they ruptured individually. The rupture length is the longest for reverse faulting events ever reported.
文摘同震地表破裂带的空间展布及形变特征是地球深部断层活动在地表的直观地貌表现,不但记录着地震破裂和断层运动的信息,还反映了区域应力和地壳运动状况。因此,开展震后地震地表破裂带调查对于了解发震断层的构造活动尤为重要。高精度地形观测技术可以获取前所未有的高时空分辨率的地球表面特征,为辨别历史地震地表破裂遗迹、提取地表同震位移、活动构造地质填图等提供高质量数据。文中选取富蕴1931年地震地表破裂带作为研究区,利用SfM(Structural from Motion)摄影测量技术生成分辨率为1m的数字高程模型(DEM),详细识别地表破裂并测量冲沟的右旋位移。基于地表破裂的几何及构造地貌特征,将富蕴地震地表破裂带由北向南分为S1、S2、S3、S44段,其间以挤压隆起或拉分盆地相连接。沿破裂带共获得194组最新冲沟的右旋水平位移,得到1931年同震位移的平均值为(5.06±0.13)m。同震位移局部缺失或突变的区域与几何阶区的位置也有良好的对应关系。以上结果填补了对富蕴地震地表破裂精细形态研究的空白,也进一步展示高分辨率的地形数据在活动构造研究中良好的应用价值。
