Quality influencing factors of dispersion curves from short period dense arrays based on a convolutional neural network across the north section of the Xiaojiang fault area

The number of dispersion curves increases significantly when the scale of a short-period dense array increases.Owing to a substantial increase in data volume,it is important to quickly evaluate dispersion curve quality as well as select the available dispersion curve.Accordingly,this study quantitatively evaluated dispersion curve quality by training a convolutional neural network model for ambient noise tomography using a short-period dense array.The model can select high-quality dispersion curves that exhibit a≤10%difference between the results of manual screening and the proposed model.In addition,this study established a dispersion curve loss function by analyzing the quality of the dispersion curve and the corresponding influencing factors,thereby estimating the number of available dispersion curves for the existing observation systems.Furthermore,a Monte Carlo simulation experiment is used to illustrates the station-pair interval distance probability density function,which is independent of station number in the observational system with randomly deployed stations.The results suggested that the straight-line length should exceed 15 km to ensure that loss rate of dispersion curves remains<0.5,while maintaining the threshold ambient noise tomography accuracy within the study area.

Characteristics of dispersion curves for Love channel waves in transversely isotropic media

Coal seams have a pronounced bedding structure with developed cracks and exhibit signifi cant anisotropy.However,few studies have examined the frequency dispersion properties of channel waves in anisotropic coal seams.In this study,numerical solutions are calculated using the generalized reflection–transmission coefficient method for the dispersion curves of Love channel waves in vertical transversely isotropic(VTI)and horizontal transversely isotropic(HTI)medium models.Moreover,the frequency dispersion characteristics of Love channel waves in several typical transversely isotropic models are analyzed.We fi nd that the dispersion curves for isotropic and VTI media diff er signifi cantly.In addition,the phase and Airy-phase velocities in VTI media are higher than those in isotropic media.Thus,neglecting this difference in practical channel wave detection will result in large detection errors.The dispersion curves for the isotropic and HTI media do not differ signifi cantly,and the Airy-phase velocities of various modes are similar.The group-velocity curve for a coal seam model containing a dirt band is found to be extremely irregular.The fundamental-mode Airy phase is not pronounced,but the fi rst-mode Airy phase can be clearly observed.Hence,fi rst-mode channel waves are suitable for detecting dirt bands.

A fast inversion method for ocean parameters based on dispersion curves with a single hydrophone

The dispersion characteristics of shallow water can be described by the dispersion curves,which contain substantial ocean parameter information.A fast ocean parameter inversion method based on dispersion curves with a single hydrophone is presented in this paper.The method is achieved through Bayesian theory.Several sets of dispersion curves extracted from measured data are used as the input function.The inversion is performed by matching a replica calculated with a dispersion formula.The bottom characteristics can be described by the bottom reflection phase shift parameter P.The propagation range and the depth can be inverted quickly when the seabed parameters are represented by on parameter P.The inversion results improve the inversion efficiency of the seabed parameters.Consequently,the inversion efficiency and accuracy are improved while the number of inversion parameters is decreased and the computational speed of replica is increased.The inversion results have lower error than the reference values,and the dispersion curves calculated with inversion parameters are also in good agreement with extracted curves from measured data;thus,the effectiveness of the inversion method is demonstrated.

Sequential Parameter Estimation Using Modal Dispersion Curves in Shallow Water

Existing sequential parameter estimation methods use the acoustic pressure of a line array as observations. The modal dispersion curves are employed to estimate the sound speed profile（SSP） and geoacoustic parameters based on the ensemble Kalman filter. The warping transform is implemented to the signals received by a single hydrophone to obtain the dispersion curves. The experimental data are collected at a range-independent shallow water site in the South China Sea. The results indicate that the SSPs are well estimated and the geoacoustic parameters are also well determined. Comparisons of the observed and estimated modal dispersion curves show good agreement.

A hybrid inversion method of damped least squares with simulated annealing used for Rayleigh wave dispersion curve inversion

Surface wave methods are becoming increasingly popular in many geotechnical applications and in earthquake seismology due to their noninvasive characteristics.Inverse surface wave dispersion curves are a crucial step in most surface wave methods.Many inversion methods have been applied to surface wave dispersion curve inversion,including linearized inversion and nonlinearized inversion methods.In this study,a hybrid inversion method of Damped Least Squares(DLS) with Very Fast Simulated Annealing(VFSA) is developed for multi-mode Rayleigh wave dispersion curve inversion.Both synthetic and in situ fi eld data were used to verify the validity of the proposed method.The results show that the proposed method is superior to the conventional VFSA method in aiming at global minimum,especially when parameter searching space is adjacent to real values of the parameters.The advantage of the new method is that it retains both the merits of VFSA for global search and DLS for local search.At high temperatures,the global search dominates the runs,while at a low temperatures,the local search dominates the runs.Thus,at low temperatures,the proposed method can almost directly approach the actual model.

Geoacoustic Inversion Based on Modal Dispersion Curve for Range-Dependent Environment

A geoacoustic inversion method is proposed based on the modal dispersion curve of two-wideband explosive signals for range-dependent environment. It is applied to the wideband explosive sound source data from the South China Sea in 2012. The travel time differences of different modes at various frequencies and distances are extracted by warping transform. The mean bottom acoustic parameters are inverted by matching the theoretical modal time differences to that of the experimental data. The inversion results are validated by using other explosive signals at different distances.

Application of passive source surface-wave method in site engineering seismic survey

Site engineering seismic survey provides basic data for seismic effect analysis. As an important parameter of soil, shear-wave velocity is usually obtained through wave velocity testing in borehole. In this paper, the passive source surface-wave method is introduced into the site engineering seismic survey and practically applied in an engineering site of Shijingshan District. By recording the ubiquitous weak vibration on the earth surface, extract the dispersion curve from the surface-wave components using the SPAC method and obtain the shear-wave velocity structure from inversion. Over the depth of 42 m under- ground, it totally consists of five layers with interface depth of 3.31, 4.50, 7.23, 17.41, and 42.00 m; and shear-wave velocity of 144.0, 198.3, 339.4, 744.2, and 903.7 m/s, respectively. The inversion result is used to evaluate site classification, determine the maximum shear modulus of soil, provide basis for further seismic hazard analysis and site assessment or site zoning, etc. The result shows that the passive source surface-wave method is feasible in the site engineering seismic survey and can replace boreholes,shorten survey period, and reduce engineering cost to some extent.

The Improved Simulated Annealing Algorithm and Application in the Surface Wave Dispersion Inversion

The velocity distribution of layers from surface wave dispersion curve is a severely nonlinear program. Base on the Metropolis rule,we improved the simulated annealing algorithm to simultaneously inverse the velocities and thicknesses using the dispersion data and identified the Moho and the bottom of lithosphere. The application to the numerical examples with 5% noise shows the velocity RMS is 1. 56% between the non-linear results and the original models when the condition of selecting method for temperature parameters and initial temperature are satisfied. Using the pure dispersions of Rayleigh wave,the nonlinear inversion has been carried out for S-wave velocities and thicknesses of the vertical profile crossing the Indian Plate,the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,and the Tarim Basin. It indicated that the crustal thickness is about 70 km in the Qiangtang block,while in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau the lithosphere is relatively thin(~ 130 km)from the velocity values and their offsets.

Study on dispersion characteristics of terahertz waves in helical waveguides

Corresponding to the atmospheric transmission windows of the electromagnetic spectrum in the low terahertz range,the mode coupling and dispersion characteristics of two helically corrugated waveguides(HCW)in the frequency ranges of 90 GHz-100 GHz and 260 GHz-265 GHz are studied.Through analytic calculations and numerical simulations,dispersion curves and structural parameters of the two frequency ranges waveguides are obtained.A novel method was proposed to obtain the dispersion of the HCW from the eigenwave solution using a periodic boundary condition.The HCW in a frequency range of 90 GHz-100 GHz was fabricated and its dispersion performance was measured.By comparing the measured results with the theoretical and the simulated results,the validity of the analytical and simulation method is verified.Limited to our machining capability,the dispersion of the 260 GHz-265 GHz HCW was only simulated and calculated and it was found that the results agree well with each other.

Experimental Demonstration of Electromagnetic Induced Transparency and Dispersion Effects in Cs Atom Vapour

The effects of the electromagnetically induced transparency and dispersion of a A-type three-level atomic system are experimentally measured with a vapour cell of Cs atoms. The steep dispersion at low absorption is observed. Thus a small group velocity for the probe beam is inferred from the measured dispersion curve.

Electron Dispersion in Liquid Alkali and Their Alloys

Ashcroft＇s local empty core （EMC） model pseudopotential in the second-order perturbation theory is used to study the electron dispersion relation, the Fermi energy, and deviation in the Fermi energy from free electron value for the liquid alkali metals and their equiatomic binary alloys for the first time. In the present computation, the use of pseudo-alloy-atom model （PAA） is proposed and found successful. The influence of the six different forms of the local field correction functions proposed by Hartree （H）, Vashishta Singwi （VS）, Taylor （T）, lehimaru-Utsumi （IU）, Farid et al. （F）, and Sarkar et al. （S） on the aforesaid electronic properties is examined explicitly, which reflects the varying effects of screening. The depth of the negative hump in the electron dispersion of liquid alkalis decreases in the order Li --→ K, except for Rb and Cs, it increases. The results of alloys are in predictive nature.

Experimental Study on Dispersion of Unconfined Aquifer in a Site of Jilin City

Dispersion parameter is an important parameter for the establishment of groundwater solute transport model.The dispersion test uses sodium chloride as a tracer,which was conducted in a site in Jilin City.The standard curve comparison method was used to solve the dispersion parameters of the aquifer under the natural flow field.The test results show that under the natural flow field,the longitudinal dispersion of unconfined aquifer in Jilin City is 0.400m,and the transverse dispersion is 1.933×10-5~6.557×10-3m;while the longitudinal dispersion coefficient is 0.246m2/d,the transverse dispersion coefficient is 1.191×10-5~4.039×10-3m2/d.The above results can provide an important parameter basis for the establishment of groundwater solute transport model,the accurate prediction of temporal and spatial variation of pollutant concentration in groundwater and the formulation of groundwater pollution prevention and control scheme.

Processing Seismic Ambient Noise Data to Obtain Reliable Surface Wave Dispersion Measurements

Ambient noise tomography is a rapidly emerging field of seismological research. This paper presents the current status of ambient noise data processing and its development history over the past several years, with the intention to explain and justify this development through salient examples. The ambient noise data processing procedure can be divided into four principal phases： ① single station data preparation; ② cross- correlation and temporal stacking; ③ measurements of dispersion curves （ performed with frequency-time analysis for both group and phase speeds） ; ④ quality control, including SNR analysis and selection of the acceptable measurements. In addition, we provide a specific solution for a better use of the seismic station data to ambient noise study.

双色散-双聚焦X射线光谱仪研制与特性研究

X射线发射谱技术(XES)是一种原位无损获得元素化学形态的技术方法,目前国内外实验室型X射线发射谱测定装置的研制尚处于探索阶段。能量色散X射线荧光(EDXRF)光谱仪和波长色散X射线荧光(WDXRF)光谱仪在地质、环境、考古等多学科领域得到广泛应用,然而,EDXRF虽结构简单,可实现多元素快速无损检测,但分辨率不理想、谱线干扰严重,检出限较差;WDXRF虽可分辨常规应用中多数具有谱线重叠特性的元素,但结构复杂成本高。为探索实验室型XES装置研制,该研究综合了能量色散X射线荧光和波长色散X射线荧光的性能优势,提出了一种波长-能量双色散、激发-发射双聚焦X射线光谱仪(DDF-XRS)设计理念,并成功研制了原理样机。实验数据和分析结果显示,该DDF-XRS型光谱仪兼具聚焦X射线和波长与能量色散光谱仪的优点,结构简单,信噪比好,具有高分辨率和低检出限特性。通过波长-能量双色散技术,X射线首先被晶体衍射发生波长色散,从而获得单色光,同时利用硅漂移探测器的能量色散特性,降低谱线干扰误判风险,提高分析结果准确,该技术克服了WDXRF结构复杂和EDXRF能量分辨率不足的限制,凸显了双色散的必要性和优越性。目前DDF-XRS光谱仪分辨率45 eV,可减少过渡金属K_(β)对K_(α)峰的谱线重叠影响;同时,显著降低了连续谱背景,最优信噪比>1000;测定地质样品中的Cr,检出限可达0.26 mg·kg^(-1)。应用DDF-XRS,一定程度上已可分辨过渡金属K_(α1)和K_(α2)谱线,如结合线性或二维阵列探测器,则有望进一步提高分辨率,实现X射线发射指纹谱的测定,以获得分析元素的化学形态。由于目前的晶体特性尚不能达到完全分辨过渡金属的重叠谱线的性能要求,故探寻具有高分率能力、高衍射强度特性的弯晶,将成为下一步的研究重点。

基于平均速度分析的近地表纵波速度反演

面波频散曲线对于横波速度、纵波速度、层厚等近地表地球物理参数的敏感度相差较大,现阶段通过频散曲线可以获得较为精确的近地表横波速度与厚度信息,但无法直接对纵波速度进行反演.研究表明,泊松比对于波长(W)-探测深度(D)关系较为敏感.基于这一发现,本文根据频散曲线与反演获取的横波速度结构计算平均速度,获取W-D关系曲线.但合成数据测试证明,因近地表浅层对应的W-D曲线变化较小,且浅层纵波速度反演不准确会使误差累积,直接反演W-D曲线无法获取可靠的纵波速度剖面.本文改进了基于平均速度分析的近地表纵波速度反演方法,在目标函数中加入了对浅层信息较为敏感的W/D-D信息,同时对W-D曲线与W/D-D曲线进行联合反演.合成数据测试证明可以获取较为准确地浅层与深层纵波速度.将该方法应用于实际地震数据中,联合反演得到的纵波速度剖面与微测井数据较为吻合,证明本文提出的方法可以不借助其他信息,仅通过面波频散信息,获取更为准确地近地表纵波信息.

起伏地形多道面波分析方法

传统多道面波分析方法不适用于起伏地形条件,限制了其的应用场景.首先,基于聚束分析原理,提出了一种适用于地表起伏、地层界面水平的地质模型的多道面波频散曲线正演方法.数值分析结果表明,相对基于水平地形假设的传统频散曲线正演方法,本文方法正演的频散曲线与模拟地震记录提取的频散曲线吻合度更高.其次,提出以地层横波速度和地层界面高程为反演参数的反演策略,实现起伏地形多道面波频散曲线反演.通过起伏地形下模拟地震记录反演结果可知,相比传统多道面波分析方法,利用本文建立的起伏地形多道面波分析方法获得的横波速度剖面与地质模型一致性更好,验证了方法的有效性.

套管中弯曲型Lamb波频散特征的理论和实验分析

通过建立钻井液、套管和水泥等多层介质模型,理论模拟和实验测量相结合研究弯曲型Lamb波在套后耦合不同速度水泥时的频散、衰减以及全波波形。理论模拟结果发现若测量频段弯曲型Lamb波的相速度与水泥纵波速度相交,弯曲型Lamb波的频散曲线在相交的频率点会出现速度跃变,频散曲线不再连续,且断点前后其衰减值差异大,接收到的直达弯曲型Lamb波也展现出两个紧凑的波包。实验结果也印证了频散曲线不连续的现象,实验测量波形提取的频散曲线与解析计算的频散曲线吻合。此现象为直接从频散曲线断点获取水泥的纵波速度以及区分套后耦合水泥的类型提供了可能。

基于改进蝴蝶优化算法的瑞利波频散曲线反演方法

瑞利波频散曲线反演问题的多解性和反演目标函数的多极值特点,使得常规非线性优化算法可能会产生收敛不稳定、易陷入局部最优等现象。在基本蝴蝶优化算法的基础上采用动态开关概率,引入非线性自适应权重因子,既增加了算法前期的全局探索能力,也保证了后期的局部开发能力。同时,在迭代过程中对最优解进行逐维柯西变异,利用贪婪算法更新最优位置,引导种群向全局最优靠近,通过对4种常用的Benchmark函数的性能测试,表明改进的蝴蝶优化算法无论是在单峰函数还是多峰函数上的全局寻优能力明显优于遗传算法和粒子群算法。采用不同算法针对3种理论地质模型的频散曲线进行反演,发现改进蝴蝶优化算法在频散曲线含10%随机噪声的情况下仍然能够得到与理论模型更加接近的反演结果。最后将改进蝴蝶优化算法应用于实际瑞利波数据,反演结果与实际钻孔揭露的地层分布情况高度吻合。且与遗传算法和粒子群算法相比,改进蝴蝶优化算法在收敛速度、求解精度和稳定性方面都有显著的提升,具有一定的实用价值和应用前景。

一种可模态分离的高分辨率频率-波数法及其工程应用

高分辨率频率-波数法是通过计算F-K谱从能量角度获取主导表面波频散信息的一种常用方法。然而,由于高模态瑞利波的能量通常低于基阶波的能量,因此难以分离多模态频散信息。本文通过建立多模态瑞利波模型,并讨论其相速度、波数和能量特性,提出一种可模态分离的高分辨率频率-波数法。通过增强F-K谱上的高模态能量,提取其多模态能量的局部极值,进而得到相速度点,对所有相速度点进行概率分布并拟合,得到多模态频散曲线。工程应用表明,改进的高分辨率频率-波数法能够较好地还原多模态瑞利波信息,通过对提取的多模态频散曲线进行联合反演,可以得到与工程钻孔结果匹配较好的剪切波速度结构。

基于主被动源频散曲线拼接策略的面波频散曲线反演研究

面波勘探是浅地表勘查的主要方法之一,传统的主动源面波方法探测深度通常在30 m以浅,且在噪声干扰复杂的城市环境中作用严重受限;被动源面波正是利用背景噪声为信号源,探测深度大,但对浅层介质分辨能力较差。为此,提出一种主动源、被动源面波数据处理方法,兼顾勘探深度和浅层分辨率。首先对主动源和被动源数据的频散曲线进行拼接,从而获得更宽频带的多阶频散曲线。然后采用数值模拟并反演处理,验证主被动面波频散曲线拼接策略的有效性。通过实测数据处理,对比分析了主动源方法和拼接策略的反演效果,证明了主被动源频散曲线拼接策略能有效提高反演结果精确度。该策略解决了单一震源能量频带有限对反演结果造成的影响,为面波勘探提供了新的手段。