Effects of Huangzhou Radish Powder on the Quality of Silver Carp Surimi Products

[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the quality of frozen silver carp surimi products.[Methods]Huangzhou radish powder and silver carp surimi were used as raw materials to analyze the effects of different amounts(1%,2%,3%,4%,5%)of Huangzhou radish powder on the water-holding capacity,cooking loss rate,whiteness value,TPA,gel strength and sensory quality of surimi products.[Results]When the addition amount of Huangzhou radish powder was 1%,water-holding capacity,hardness,chewiness and the gel strength of the surimi product reached their maximum values,which were 86.86%,3470.36 g,2628.50 g and 707.48 g·mm,respectively.Meanwhile,the cooking loss rate was reduced to a minimum value(13.66%),and the sensory quality reached the best.The whiteness of surimi products showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the addition amount of Huangzhou radish powder.However,the whiteness of the surimi product was not significantly affected when the addition amount of Huangzhou radish powder was 1%.Therefore,when the addition amount of Huangzhou radish powder was 1%,the quality of surimi products could be improved.[Conclusions]This study provides a new idea for the development and utilization of Huangzhou radish.

Effects of water,Na^+ and Ca^(2+) on stress-relaxation properties of surimi gel

Surimi gel was made from silver carp(hypophthalmichthys molitrix).Texture analyzer was adopted to measure stress-relaxation curve to study the effects of water,Na+ and Ca2+ on relaxation properties of surimi gel,so as to provide the basic data for development of surimi gel products.Micromodel of gel based on continuous phase of protein network with water embed and dispersed phase of myofibril was established.Stress-relaxation properties of the gel were imitated by use of five-element relaxation mathematical model,with high fitted precision.The results show that addition of water can reduce hardness of gel;Na+ and Ca2+ can improve the viscoelasticity of gel.

Effect of Water Chestnut Powder on Gel Properties of Silver Carp Surimi

[Objectives]The effects of water chestnut powder on the gel properties and quality of silver carp surimi were investigated.[Methods]The surimi gel was prepared by adding 0%,1%,2%,3%,4%and 5%of water chestnut powder to the surimi of silver carp.The gel properties,water-holding capacity,cooking loss,whiteness value,puncture and texture profile analysis(TPA)indexes of surimi products were determined to assess the effects of adding different amounts of water chestnut powder on surimi gel.[Results]The results showed that the gel strength,breaking force and depression distance of surimi products increased first and then decreased with the increase of the addition of water chestnut powder.Compared with the control group,the hardness and chewiness of surimi gel in TPA could be significantly improved by adding water chestnut powder.When the addition of water chestnut powder was 2%,the maximum water-holding capacity was 83.68%;the cooking loss rate was the lowest;and the whiteness value was the highest.Adding 2%of water chestnut powder could significantly improve the gel properties of silver carp surimi and obtain a good gel product.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for the effective utilization of water chestnut resources and the development of new fish surimi products.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hairtail Surimi in an Ultra-High Pressure Bioreactor

Amino acids have been extracted from Hairtail surimi using enzymes in an ultra-high pressure bioreactor. The extraction efficiency of different enzymes including papain, trypsin, and proteases (acid, neutral, alkaline) also has been evaluated, and it has been discovered that neutral protease behaved the best. The amino acids were analyzed using automatic amino acid analyzer, and the enzymatic digestion conditions were optimized. For neutral protease, the optimal condition was 50℃, 250 MPa, pH 7.0. Material to liquid ratio of enzyme is 6%. More than 29 amino acids were detected after 24 hours of hydrolysis;the enzymatic hydrolysis rate can reach 83.29%. The results show that enzymatic digestion under ultra-high-pressure provides a very promising approach to extract amino acids from Hairtail surimi.

Effect of Tea Polyphenols on Lipid Oxidation of Nemipterus VirgatusSurimi Cake During Ice Storage

Surimi cake is a high value aquatic product. In this work, lipid oxidation and volatile compounds in Nemipterus virgatus surimi cake were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of tea polyphenols in preventing or reducing lipid oxidation. Surimi cake was prepared in the presence or absence of 0.2% tea polyphenols, and was stored at 4 ℃ for 16 days. It was found that the peroxide value(POV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) values of the experimental groups(with 0.2% tea polyphenols) were much lower than those of the untreated surimi cake(p<0.05). In total, 52 compounds were presented in the volatiles of the surimi cake, such as ethanol, hexanal,(E,E)-2,4-decadienal, 2,3-octanedione, 2-hydroxy-propanamide, and 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine. It indicated that tea polyphenols could reduce the amount of hexanal, ethanol, and(E,E)-2,4-decadienal, and delay the lipid oxidation of the surimi cake. Effects of lipid oxidation of the tea polyphenols on surimi cake were reduced during storage in ice.

Effects of Supplemental Amount of Tuanfeng Lotus Seed Powder on Quality of Silver Carp Surimi Products

[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the gel properties of freshwater surimi and its products. [Methods] Tuanfeng lotus seed powder was added to frozen silver carp, and the relationship between the addiamount of Tuanfeng lotus seed powder(1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) and the quality of surimi products was studied, so as to improve the quality of surimi products. [Results] The water holding capacity(86.71%±0.36%), hardness(3 566.64±51.15) g, chewiness(2 697.16±15.81) g and gel strength(692.54±23.19) of surimi products increased to the maximums when the addition amount of lotus seed powder was 3%. Meanwhile, the cooking loss rate was reduced to the minimum(13.00%±0.17%), and the sensory quality was the best, although the whiteness of surimi products decreased slightly with the increase of Tuanfeng lotus seed powder. Therefore, the quality of silver carp surimi products could be improved obviously when the dosage of Tuanfeng lotus seed powder was 3%. [Conclusions] This study provides more new ideas for improving the quality of silver carp surimi products, and simultaneously makes the development of lotus seed food more diversified.

Comparisons of the Properties of Whitemouth Croaker (<i>Micropogonias furnieri</i>) Surimi and Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat Surimi-Like Material

The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare the color, texture and sensory characteristics of whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) surimi and mechanically separated chicken meat (MDCM) surimi-like material (SLM). The whiteness of the MDCM-SLM was higher (P > 0.05) than that from the surimi. Higher breaking force (P < 0.05) and gel strength (P < 0.05) were also observed for the MDCM-SLM when compared to the surimi. The deformation did not vary significantly for these two products (P > 0.05). The MDCM-SLM was more accepted by the panelists (P < 0.05). The mean scores of overall desirability for MDCM-SLM was similar to that observed for walleye Pollack surimi that is the parameter of quality. The differences in the acceptability of poultry and fish food products are probably due to peoples’ eating habits.

Effects of Alginate Gel on Rheological Properties of Hair-tail (Trichiurus lepturus) Surimi

Effects of alginate gel at different concentrations on rheological properties of hair-tail (Trichiurus lepturus) surimi were investigated. Alginate gel (1% - 3%) exhibited enhanced effects, especially when alginate gel concentration increased. The rheological properties of mixture samples were studied by the time sweep, frequency sweep and temperature sweep. The critical strain values of the mixture samples for the onset of non-linear viscoelasticity were about 5%. The storage modulus G' of the mixture samples increased with time for 4 h. The frequency sweep showed that G' was greater than G" for all the mixture gels with different alginate gel concentrations, and values of both n' and n" for all samples were low (<0.2), these constants corresponding to G' and G", and indicating the elasticity of mixture gels. The values of storage modulus G' decreased during heating process and increased with decreasing temperature.

外源物质对低盐罗非鱼糜蛋白构象及体外消化特性的影响

以微波超声波辅助制备的低盐罗非鱼糜凝胶为研究对象,分析谷氨酰胺转氨酶(TGase)、羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯(HDP)、结冷胶和三者的复配物(THG)对其水分分布及蛋白质构象的影响;并通过体外模拟消化实验,探究不同外源物质对微波超声波辅助制备的低盐罗非鱼鱼糕体外消化特性的影响。结果表明:添加THG后,鱼糜结合水和不易流动水较空白组分别增加98.71%和14.75%,自由水含量显著减少(P<0.05);THG促进了α-螺旋向β-折叠、β-转角和无规则卷曲结构转化。与空白组相比,添加0.4%TGase和THG对低盐罗非鱼糕的胃排空速度、蛋白体外消化率及蛋白水解度均有正面作用;其中THG可显著促进蛋白质分解成粒径较小的聚集体(P<0.05),经胃-十二指肠消化结束后的消化产物颜色更加透明清晰,从激光共聚焦显微镜可观察到THG组的红色荧光亮点显著减少,反映其蛋白被消化得较为完全。由此可见,在THG的作用下,鱼糜中水分子与蛋白质结合更紧密,相对于单一的外源物质,THG更加明显地改变了蛋白质的构象,且更有利于疏水蛋白基团的暴露和蛋白间的相互作用,且对鱼糕的消化有促进作用。本研究的结果为罗非鱼糜凝胶特性研究及罗非鱼糕类食品的开发与应用提供理论参考。

基于GC-IMS分析采肉次数对鱼糜风味特征的影响

为阐明采肉次数对鱼糜风味特征的影响,本研究采用GC-IMS测定不同采肉次数下(1、2、3、4和5)制备的白鲢鱼糜的挥发性物质,同时测定TBARS值,并对它们进行相关性分析。结果显示:5组鱼糜中检测出的挥发性物质均为58种,其中壬醛、乙酸乙酯、2-丙酮、乙醇、2-甲基丁醛的含量相对较高;醛(39.13%~40.91%)、酮(15.52%~21.74%)、醇(19.28%~26.59%)是主要的挥发性物质种类。随着采肉次数的增加,醛类占比先下降后升高,酮类占比逐渐上升,醇类占比波动变化。挥发性物质的PCA和欧式距离结果表明,采肉次数为1制备的鱼糜样品和其它样品的风味特征差异明显。增加采肉次数,鱼糜的TBARS值先显著(P<0.05)增加后显著(P<0.05)降低。鱼糜中己醛、戊醛、E-2-戊烯醛、E-2-辛烯醛、3-辛醇,2,3-戊二酮等与TBARS值正相关(0.8>r>0.5),苯酚、苯乙醛负相关(−0.8<r<−0.5)。采肉次数影响鱼糜风味特征,其主要原因可能是与脂肪氧化有关。

马铃薯基乳液对鱼糜凝胶品质的影响

为了研究马铃薯基乳液(PE)对鱼糜凝胶品质的影响,实验采用玉米油(CO)或PE按不同添加量(0%~14%)与鱼糜混合,以鱼糜凝胶质构、水分、色泽、分子间相互作用、流变特性和微观结构为考察指标,探究PE作为脂肪替代物对鱼糜凝胶品质的影响及机理。结果显示,在相同的油添加量下,与CO相比,PE能避免油滴对鱼糜凝胶质构特性和持水能力产生的劣化效果,使样品表现出更高的弹性模量和黏度;另外,横向弛豫时间结果显示,PE抑制了不易流动水向自由水的转变,使更多的不易流动水被束缚,这可能增强了光线漫反射,从而使PE样品白度更高。微观结构和分子间作用力测定结果显示,PE样品中油滴分布更均匀,氢键、疏水相互作用和二硫键更强,凝胶网络因淀粉颗粒的填充效应而更致密。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果表明,PE组中油滴对鱼糜蛋白交联的干预程度更小。研究表明,PE可作为脂肪替代物提升鱼糜凝胶制品品质。本研究可为淀粉基脂肪替代物的开发及其在鱼糜凝胶产品中的应用提供理论基础。

透明质酸对南美白对虾虾糜理化性质和凝胶特性的影响

以南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)虾糜为研究对象,考察不同添加量(0.1%、0.3%、0.5%、0.8%和1.0%,以虾肉的质量计)透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)对虾糜凝胶特性和理化性质的影响。结果显示,一定量HA能够改善虾糜凝胶的质构特性和凝胶强度,提高虾糜凝胶的亮度和白度。适量添加HA还能够促使虾糜凝胶内部自由水和不易流动水向结合水转变,改善虾糜凝胶的水结合特性,提高持水性(water-holding capacity,WHC)。流变学分析表明,一定量HA能使虾糜的储能模量提高,然而低添加量HA会对表观黏度产生不利影响。化学作用力分析表明,离子键和氢键随HA的添加分别呈现先减后增和先增后减的变化趋势,适量HA可以改善疏水相互作用,巯基氧化形成二硫键的过程则被HA抑制。HA还能与虾糜蛋白相互作用,抑制蛋白多聚体的形成,改变蛋白质的构象,促使蛋白质二级结构从α-螺旋向β结构和无规卷曲转变。添加适量HA对虾糜凝胶微观结构同样有所改善,促使虾糜凝胶形成更加均匀致密的微观结构。其中,添加0.8%HA虾糜凝胶具有最高的硬度、咀嚼性、胶着性、凝胶强度以及储能模量和最致密的微观结构,WHC较对照组也显著提高(P<0.05)。而添加0.1%HA虾糜凝胶的质构特性、凝胶强度、WHC、储能模量均较对照组有所降低,微观结构也较为松散。

氯化钠对鲢鱼糜体系3D打印性能及凝胶特性的影响

目的:提高鲢鱼糜体系3D打印性能及凝胶特性。方法:通过优化3D打印参数,将3D打印过程与材料流变性质及3D打印性能关联起来。探究氯化钠添加量对鲢鱼糜的流变性能、3D打印性能、凝胶强度、水分特性以及微观结构的影响。结果:氯化钠的加入以剂量依赖的方式降低了鲢鱼糜的耗散模量,但能显著提高材料的剪切恢复性能,还可以降低鱼糜体系的蒸煮损失,提高鱼糜体系的持水性。当氯化钠添加量为2.5%时,鲢鱼糜具有最佳凝胶强度和最为致密的微观结构。结论:添加适量氯化钠可提高鱼糜产品的3D打印性能和凝胶特性。

淡水鱼鱼糜凝胶品质影响因素的研究进展

我国淡水资源十分丰富,淡水鱼产量和养殖量均居世界首位。目前,淡水鱼的消费以“鲜活销售”和“家庭烹饪”为主,深加工比例较低,以鱼丸、鱼豆腐、鱼糕和鱼肠等为代表的鱼糜制品,因其内源性蛋白酶含量较高,在加工中易发生凝胶劣化现象。与海水鱼鱼糜相比,淡水鱼鱼糜的凝胶性较差,因此,提升淡水鱼鱼糜的凝胶性成为目前炙手可热的研究方向。文章基于淡水鱼糜凝胶的形成机理,主要综述了加工工艺、热诱导方式和外源物质添加对淡水鱼鱼糜凝胶品质的影响,为提高淡水鱼鱼糜凝胶品质奠定了理论依据。

鲢鱼糜漂洗液中不同回收方式肌浆蛋白的结构和功能特性

以鲢鱼糜漂洗废液中的肌浆蛋白为对象,对比分析回收方式对肌浆蛋白的结构和功能特性的影响。结果表明:酸偏移和热处理对肌浆蛋白的巯基向二硫键转化程度、表面疏水性、色氨酸内源荧光光谱强度、溶解性、起泡性的影响较大;通过对肌浆蛋白二级结构分析发现,冷冻干燥和热处理法下β-折叠相对含量较大,等电点沉淀法、酸偏移法和酸偏移耦合壳聚糖絮凝法下无规则卷曲相对含量较大,壳聚糖絮凝法下β-转角相对含量较大,所有回收方式下α-螺旋相对含量均较小,总体上肌浆蛋白二级结构由有序向无序不同程度转化;此外,壳聚糖与肌浆蛋白结合,絮凝产生大分子复合物,而酸偏移导致部分蛋白解聚。不同回收方式下肌浆蛋白结构变化进而影响到功能性质,其中酸偏移耦合壳聚糖絮凝法制备的肌浆蛋白在pH值和壳聚糖双重作用下表面疏水性明显增加,促使乳化性降低;而经冷冻干燥、等电点沉淀法和壳聚糖絮凝回收得到肌浆蛋白的乳化性较大,特别是壳聚糖处理能有效改善肌浆蛋白的乳化性。

发酵鲢鱼鱼糜香肠加工工艺优化及品质分析

以混合菌种(清酒乳杆菌、木糖葡萄球菌)作为发酵剂,以感官评分和pH为指标,采用正交实验优化发酵鲢鱼鱼糜香肠的加工工艺,并对产品进行指标测定。结果表明,当发酵剂接种量为3%,在30℃下发酵18 h时,所得产品香味浓郁,组织紧密,色泽均匀,口感良好,无异味。与未发酵香肠对比,在此条件下制得的发酵香肠的pH显著降低,氨基酸态氮含量升高,产品的色泽和质地得到明显改善,风味物质增加,尤其是芳香化合物和醇类化合物。该研究为发酵鱼糜制品的深入研究提供了一定的理论基础,为工业化生产提供了参考。

枸杞粉对白鲢鱼糜凝胶品质的影响

该研究以冷冻白鲢鱼糜为实验原料,向其中添加枸杞粉(wolfberry powder,WP),分析不同添加量[0.25%、0.5%、0.75%、1%、1.5%(质量分数)]的WP对白鲢鱼糜凝胶持水性、蒸煮损失率、白度值、水分分布、凝胶特性、微观结构、感官评价及气味特征的影响。结果表明,随着WP含量的增加,鱼糜凝胶的持水性、硬度、咀嚼性和凝胶强度都表现出先增大后减小的趋势,当WP的添加量为0.5%时达到最大,分别为78.55%、(2716.77±75.76)g、(2185.15±32.46)g和1087 g·cm;而蒸煮损失率则表现出先减小后增大的趋势,在0.5%的添加量时,蒸煮损失率最小,为7.49%。在鱼糜中加入WP后,可以减少鱼糜凝胶中自由水的比例,增加不易流动水的比例,使鱼糜凝胶保留更多水分,且当WP在最适添加量0.5%时,鱼糜凝胶中只检测到结合水和不易流动水,未检测到自由水。适量WP的添加会增强鱼糜凝胶的网络结构,使其变得更加致密均匀。WP的添加会减小鱼糜凝胶的白度值和色泽评分,但在最适添加量0.5%时,其颜色总体可接受。此外,感官评价和电子鼻分析结果表明,当WP在最适添加量0.5%时,可以显著改善鱼糜凝胶的风味品质。研究结果可为生产高品质的鱼糜产品提供理论依据。

冰温脱水对草鱼鱼糜凝胶品质的影响

为考察冰温脱水对草鱼鱼糜凝胶品质影响,将草鱼鱼糜冰温脱水至水分质量分数分别为70%、60%、50%、40%,并以漂洗和空白样品(水分含量为80%)为对照组,以感官评价、凝胶强度、持水性、水分分布及存在状态、质构特性、微观结构、蛋白质二级结构作为评定指标。结果显示,草鱼鱼糜凝胶水分含量为60%时感官接受度较高;凝胶强度为394.44 g·cm,较空白组与漂洗组分别增加了125%和77%;依据国标,鱼糜等级由空白组的AB级(凝胶强度≥100 g·cm)提升至AA级(凝胶强度≥300 g·cm),提升了2个等级,接近AAA级(凝胶强度≥400 g·cm);其持水性最高为98.08%,同时电镜观察微观结构显示致密均匀;凝胶网络结构对水分的束缚能力增强;傅里叶变换红外光谱显示β-折叠和无规则卷曲结构相对含量有所增加,分别由20.2%和18.2%增加至23.14%和22.42%。表明通过冰温脱水降低草鱼鱼糜的部分水分含量可提高其凝胶品质,且在脱至水分含量为60%时,样品品质更佳,消费者感官接受度更高。